soften

　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. make (images or sounds) soft or softer
2. become soft or softer; "The bread will soften if you pour some liquid on it"
3. make soft or softer; "This liquid will soften your laundry"
4. a substance added to another to make it less hard
5. a substance (such as sodium chloride) that lessens the hardness of water by replacing calcium and magnesium ions with sodium ions and so gives the water more efficient sudsing power
6. yielding readily to pressure or weight
7. (of light) transmitted from a broad light source or reflected (同)diffuse, diffused
8. out of condition; not strong or robust; incapable of exertion or endurance; "he was too soft for the army"; "flabby around the middle"; "flaccid cheeks" (同)flabby, flaccid
9. not brilliant or glaring; "the moon cast soft shadows"; "soft pastel colors"; "subdued lighting" (同)subdued
10. (of a commodity or market or currency) falling or likely to fall in value; "the market for computers is soft"
11. (of sound) relatively low in volume; "soft voices"; "soft music"
12. (of speech sounds); produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the hard palate; characterized by a hissing or hushing sound (as `s and `sh'
13. compassionate and kind; conciliatory; "he was soft on his children"
14. not protected against attack (especially by nuclear weapons); "soft targets"
15. using evidence not readily amenable to experimental verification or refutation; "soft data"; "the soft sciences"
16. willing to negotiate and compromise
17. the process of becoming softer; "refrigeration delayed the softening of the fruit"; "he observed the softening of iron by heat"
18. toned down

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈革など〉‘を'柔らかにする』 / 〈声・音・光・色など〉‘を'穏やかにする,和らげる / 〈心・言動〉‘を'和らげる / 〈身体・精神〉‘を'弱くする / 〈硬水〉‘を'軟水にする / 〈物質が〉『柔らかになる』 / 〈声・音・光・色などが〉穏やかになる,静かになる,落ち着く / 〈心・言動などが〉和らぐ / 〈身体・精神が〉弱くなる / 〈硬水が〉軟水になる
2. 〈C〉柔らかにする人(物),和らげる人(物) / 〈U〉軟化剤(硬水を軟水に変える薬剤)
3. (押されて形を変えるほど)『柔らかい』 / (木材・金属などが,同種の中で比較的)『柔らかい』 / (斤ざわりの)なめらかな,すべすべした / (声・音が)穏やかな,低い,静かな / (見た目に)どぎつくない,落ち着いた / (天候・気候が)穏やかな,温和な / (心・言動が)優しい,もの柔らかな / (体または精神などが)軟弱な,虚弱な / (市況・相場が)弱気の,下がり気味の / (水が)軟性の / (水音が)軟音の / アルコール分を含まない / 柔らかに / 静かに

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/03/02 23:22:13」(JST)

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Søften church.

Søften [ alternative spellings range from Suten(1386), Suchten (1399) and Søwten (1489)] is a small Danish town in Jutland, roughly three kilometers south of Hinnerup and just north of Aarhus. Søften has a population of 2,697 (January 2013). Archaeological surveys of the area (2), indicate the earliest settlements dates to the Nordic Iron Age.

Geography

Søften is geographically located within an area defined by a small river valley. The river valley, formed topographically due to Weichselian glaciation during the last Ice Age, and runs along the North and West sides of Søften city. The area is relatively hilly (by Danish standards), with slopes leading towards the river valley north of Søften. The narrow wetland of Damsbro Mose, runs along the NE and SW sides of Søften Valley.

Damsbro Mose 

Damsbro Mose is a wetland area, with a very high watertable, encompassing both banks of the river Lilleå between Søften and Hinnerup. The large marshland area is a mixture of rich fen, swamp forest, lakes in the form of old gravel pits and fertilized cultivated meadows.

Fauna/flora 

In the southern part of the marsh, the vegetation consists of species such as lesser pond sedge, greater tussock sedge, tussock grass, common reed, reed canary grass, reed mace, willow and alder. In the middle of the marshland area is a section along the river with holy grass. In some of the finer parts of the marsh’s northern area can be found the wettest ground with a wide range of plant life such as obtuse-flowered rush, bottlesedge, two-ranked sedge, marsh bird’s-foot trefoil, European swamp thistle,lesser pond sedge, perennial sedge, meadowsweet, northern water hemlock, bog-bean, great water dock, great spearwort, ragged robin, globe-flower and St Peter’s wort. In the drier areas with small hillocks can be found an exciting lowflora such as star sedge and greater yellow-rattle. Flea sedge and salt marsh flat sedge are common. On and around the hillocks are hawkweed, quaking grass, marsh arrow grass, marsh grass-of-Parnassus, western marsh-orchid as well as the rare valerian. The marsh is also a habitat for bird species such as the marsh warbler, grasshopper warbler, nightingale, common snipe, kestrel, lesser whitethroat, whitethroat, coal tits, willow warblers and the lesser redpoll.

History/Culture

The open marsh landscape was recreated during the Second World War due to the removal of peat on a large scale in the area.  From these excavations, the remains of a woman and a young child were found in the marsh, dating to the Nordic Iron Age. Afterwards, remains of a settlement were discovered when building Engdalsvej. During these excavations, traces of dwellings were discovered with preserved stone pavings and pits from the pre-Roman Iron Age. A plan was drawn up for nature and countryside preservation by Naturplan APS for the Municipality of Hinnerup and the County of Aarhus in1991. In 1992, the Municipality of Hinnerup and the County of Aarhus (which no longer exists) began implementing various initiatives to safeguard the natural values of the marsh.  Currently,it is possible to walk the entire length of the marsh following paths between Hinnerup and Søften.

 Søften Church 

Location and Development 

The Søften Church is one of the oldest Danish buildings and lies on a west-facing slope, where the terrain opens into the valley. The church was originally erected in the late 12th century with later additions over the centuries. Søften church consists of a Romanesque chancel and nave with two Late Gothic additions: a porch at the south door and to the west tower. The Romanesque section was built between 1500-1200 of rough, hewn travertine, split granite boulders as well as bryozoan limestone. Mainly clay seems to have been used as a binding agent.  A cross-vault was constructed ca. 1462 in the chancel as were three vaulting bays in the nave.  During the church’s restoration by the architect M.B. Fritz in 1928, the tower gable and the windows from 1898 were reconstructed. The wall paintings in the vaulting of the church from the1460s have the armorial bearings of the Bishop of Aarhus Jens Iversen Lange (1449–82).  The nave decoration is from the end of the 15th century, while the tower is most likely came afterwards. Church furniture of note, aside from the Romanesque baptismal font, is a pulpit dating from 1572-88 bearing the arms of King Frederik II and his Queen, a bell from 1656, an altarpiece from 1859, a sepulchral tablet from 1663 potentially crafted by the Aarhus carver Rasmus Christensen. There was once a clear view over the fields and meadows into Nørreris Forest in the 1960s, but the view is now limited by modern day houses.

History 

After the Reformation, the patronage rights of the church belonged to King Frederik III until the 25.th of September 1661, when it was transferred to Morgens Friis Favrskov.  In 1672, when Frijsenborg county was established, the church was incorporated into it. The church tithe, the maintenance obligation of the church, was sold at an auction on the 5th of April 1803, to Sejer Sommer at Haraldslund and to Erik Christian Muller at Møllerup. Sommer and Muller sold the tithe together with the individual farms to the parish’s citizens. On January 1.st 1910, the church became privately owned.

Archaeology

The Site

In the summer of 2008, there were excavations at Søften. The study, led by Moesgård Museum, was spread over an area of six fields just East of Søften. During the summer of 2013, there was a continuation of the study from five years prior. At the site, the sub soil varies greatly, from bold clay over sandy clay and clay-like sand to gravel and rocky sand.

Excavations (five years ago) 

In April and May 2008, archaeologists excavated two smaller fields and a small piece of land between commercial buildings in Søften. Initial expectations were to find little evidence of settlements from Pre-Roman Iron Age, Bronze or Neolithic Ages. Farm plants were previously excavated south and southeast of the site from Pre-Roman Iron Age and two mounds of graves from the Early Roman Iron Age.   Test trenches on the eastern most part of the site found evidence of postholes that were interpreted as pit-houses.  Plant material collected was then dated to the Late Germanic Iron Age or Viking Age and subsequently many of the ditches were covered without further study until a proper archaeological excavation could take place.

Features and finds 

During this field season, fourteen pit houses, a three-aisled long house, a well and a fencing- all from the Late Iron Age and Viking Age, were excavated.  Textile tools, iron objects, traces of iron refining, some imported pottery and evidence of glass processing were found.  All of the dated items found are from the Viking Age.   It was also possible for the archaeologists to identify certain aspects of pit houses construction and in some cases their function.  Soil samples were taken and utilized in pollen analysis in order to identify plant potentially incorporated in textile dyeing.

Current Excavation    

At the current excavation expectations were to examine a traditional settlement from the Early Roman Iron Age through the investigation of settlement pits, cultural layers and refuse, and posthole analysis of houses.  Interestingly, the cultural layers preserved floor layers and details of house construction as well as a stonepath. As the season progressed Viking Age pit houses were exposed and excavated. This survey will supplement the analysis and methods of the 2008 excavations.

Features and Finds 

The site is located on a predominantly gravel piece of land, facing south towards the wetland Damsbro Mose. This location is interesting, since there is a pattern of similar pit-houses along the river system on the other side of the wetland.  This apparent strategic location may reveal a ranking between the sites through the individual pit-house features. Metal detecting in and around the pit-houses at Søften found various including a dirham and iron objects such as a knife, a chisel, a pair of rivets.  Adjacent to the wetland is a massive fringe of ildskørnede flints, burned material and fist-sized stones. Stavnsager, a site in Jutland, has massive numbers of ildskørnede flints associated with the process of steam bending ship timber. Another use of these flints may have been to heat water for the fulling of large textile pieces.

Interpretation 

Pollen analysis 

The pit house soil samples from the 2008 excavation were used in pollen analysis and showed that the pollen present was not indicative of wind-dispersed pollen (from trees for instance) and did not reflect the species of the surrounding environment. These results are expected of enclosures like pit-houses, or places effected by human activity. The identification of plant species indicated plants previously used for food, medicinal purposes, dyeing or tanning (5).This research lends towards the theory that the pit-houses may have been used for storage, dyeing and tanning and/or production in general.

Preserved floor layer 

The preservation of the floor layer beneath the cultural layer provides interesting details of house construction.  It is particularly unusual for East Jutland, however in other parts of the country there are several examples ofwell-preserved house sites with pavements. In particular, the houses in the settlement mounds from Gautenag and the rest of Limfjord area.

Geography 

The geography of the site contextualizes the interpretation of the site. The pattern of pit-houses along the river Lilleå coupled with the interpreted textile and glass processing production of the pit-houses points towards the site’s potential involvement in trade.

Notable residents

• Heidi Andersen - model and ex-wife of singer Thomas Helmig
• Lise Blaase - singer in The Broken Beats and Antophones
• Peter Steengaard - producer for JC Chasez, Lindsay Lohan, and Donna Summer
• Morten Thorhauge - drummer from Carpark North
• Anette Toftgaard - model and host of the Danish version of Don't Forget Your Toothbrush

References

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Related Links

• softenの意味 - 英和辞書 - goo辞書

softenとは。意味や和訳。（▽発音注意）[動](他)1 〈物を〉柔らかくするsoften bread in milkパンをミルクに浸して柔らかくする.2 〈苦痛・苦しみ・心・態度を〉和らげる；なごやか にするHer tears softened his heart.彼女の涙が彼の心を... - goo辞書は国語、英和、 ...

• Soften | Define Soften at Dictionary.com

Soften definition, to make soft or softer See more. ... soften (ˈsɒfən) [Click for IPA pronunciation guide]. —vb. 1. to make or become soft or softer. 2. to make or become gentler. 3. (intr) commerce. a. (of demand, a market, etc) to weaken. b.

• soften - Wiktionary

soften (third-person singular simple present softens, present participle softening, simple past and past participle softened). (transitive) To make something soft or softer. Soften the butter before beating in the sugar. (transitive) To undermine the ...

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拡張検索	「brain softening」
関連記事	「soft」

「brain softening」

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• 脳軟化

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encephalomalacia

「soft」

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• adj.

• (比較級softer-最上級softest)柔らかい、ソフトな