proliferate

• v.

• (細胞が)増殖する

関

expansion、growth、multiplication、multiply、outgrow、outgrowth、proliferation、propagate、propagation

　 　 　

WordNet

1. cause to grow or increase rapidly; "We must not proliferate nuclear arms"
2. grow rapidly; "Pizza parlors proliferate in this area"
3. (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level; "he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children" (同)growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis
4. (pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
5. a progression from simpler to more complex forms; "the growth of culture"
6. something grown or growing; "a growth of hair"
7. vegetation that has grown; "a growth of trees"; "the only growth was some salt grass"
8. a multiplicative increase; "repeated copying leads to a multiplication of errors"; "this multiplication of cells is a natural correlate of growth"
9. an arithmetic operation that is the inverse of division; the product of two numbers is computed; "the multiplication of four by three gives twelve"; "four times three equals twelve" (同)times
10. a rapid increase in number (especially a rapid increase in the number of deadly weapons); "the proliferation of nuclear weapons"
11. growth by the rapid multiplication of parts
12. travel through the air; "sound and light propagate in this medium"
13. cause to propagate, as by grafting or layering
14. multiply sexually or asexually
15. transmit from one generation to the next; "propagate these characteristics"
16. transmit or cause to broaden or spread; "This great civilization was propagated throughout the land"
17. transmit; "propagate sound or light through air"
18. a function expressed as a sum or product of terms; "the expansion of (a+b)^2 is a^2 + 2ab + b^2"
19. the act of increasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope (同)enlargement
20. adding information or detail (同)expanding upon
21. a discussion that provides additional information (同)enlargement, elaboration
22. in several ways; in a multiple manner; "they were multiply checked for errors"
23. combine or increase by multiplication; "He managed to multiply his profits" (同)manifold
24. combine by multiplication; "multiply 10 by 15"
25. grow too large or too mature for; "I have outgrown these clothes"; "She outgrew her childish habits"
26. grow faster than
27. the movement of a wave through a medium
28. the spreading of something (a belief or practice) into new regions (同)extension

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈グテリアなどが〉増殖する / …‘を'増殖させる
2. 〈U〉(…の)『成長』,発育;『発達』,発展《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(数・量,重要性・力などの)『増加』,増大,拡張《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉《修飾語[句]を伴って》栽培,生産,…産 / 〈C〉成育した物,(草,木,髪,ひげなどの)生えたもの / 〈C〉腫瘍(しゅよう)
3. 〈U〉(…の数・量の)増加,(動植物の)増殖,繁殖《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉乗法,掛け算
4. 〈U〉《しばしばa~》(…の)拡散《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(細胞分裂による)増殖;〈C〉増殖部分
5. 〈動植物・菌など〉‘を'増殖させる,繁殖させる / …‘を'普及させる,広める / 〈音・光など〉‘を'伝える / 〈動植物・菌などが〉増殖する,繁殖する
6. 〈U〉『拡大』,『拡張』;展開 / 〈C〉拡大(拡張)されたもの / 〈U〉〈C〉(数字で)展開[式]
7. …‘を'『増す』,ふやす;…‘を'繁殖させる / (ある数を)〈ある数〉‘に'『掛ける』《+『名』〈被乗数〉+『by』+『名』〈乗数〉》 / 〈数・量などが〉『ふえる』,増大する;繁殖する / 掛け算をする
8. 多様に,複雑に,複合的に
9. …‘が'合わないほど大きくなる / (年とともに)…‘から'脱する / …‘より'背が高くなる
10. (動植物などの)繁殖,増殖 / 伝達,伝播(でんぱ) / 宣伝,普及

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/19 01:45:28」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Proliferation may refer to:

Weapons

• Nuclear proliferation, the spread of nuclear weapons, material and technology
• Chemical weapon proliferation, the spread of chemical weapons, material and technology
• Small arms proliferation, the spread of small weapons
• Counter-proliferation, efforts to stop weapon proliferation

Computers

• License proliferation, a problem caused by incompatible software licenses
• Data proliferation, the challenge of dealing with large amounts of data

Medicine and biology

• Cell proliferation, cell growth
• Proliferation, a phase of wound healing
• Atypical small acinar proliferation, a concept in urologic pathology
• Intravenous atypical vascular proliferation, a skin condition
• Massive periretinal proliferation, a disease of the eye

Other uses

• Conceptual proliferation, a concept in Buddhism
• Product proliferation, an organization's marketing of many variations of the same product

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 肝細胞移植 hepatocyte transplantation
• 2. 黒色真菌による中枢神経系の感染症（脳黒色菌糸症） central nervous system infections due to dematiaceous fungi cerebral phaeohyphomycosis
• 3. 肺腫瘍塞栓症 pulmonary tumor embolism
• 4. 腸球菌の微生物学 microbiology of enterococci
• 5. 外傷後の骨髄炎の治療および予防 treatment and prevention of osteomyelitis following trauma

English Journal

• Antibody conjugated supported lipid bilayer for capturing and purification of viable tumor cells in blood for subsequent cell culture.

• Wu JC, Tseng PY, Tsai WS, Liao MY, Lu SH, Frank CW, Chen JS, Wu HC, Chang YC.SourceGenomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec 2, Academic Rd., Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
• Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2013 Jul;34(21):5191-9. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.096. Epub 2013 Apr 21.
• Interest in the identification and isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been growing since the introduction of CTCs as an alternative to the tumor tissue biopsy, which can potentially be important indices for prognosis and cancer treatment. However, the contamination of non-specific bindi
• PMID 23615560

• In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chitosan-gelatin scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering.

• Whu SW, Hung KC, Hsieh KH, Chen CH, Tsai CL, Hsu SH.SourceDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
• Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl.2013 Jul 1;33(5):2855-63. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.03.003. Epub 2013 Mar 14.
• Chitosan-gelatin polyelectrolyte complexes were fabricated and evaluated as tissue engineering scaffolds for cartilage regeneration in vitro and in vivo. The crosslinker for the gelatin component was selected among glutaraldehyde, bisepoxy, and a water-soluble carbodiimide (WSC) based upon the proli
• PMID 23623106

• The effects of substrate elastic modulus on neural precursor cell behavior.

• Previtera ML, Hui M, Verma D, Shahin AJ, Schloss R, Langrana NA.SourceDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
• Annals of biomedical engineering.Ann Biomed Eng.2013 Jun;41(6):1193-207. doi: 10.1007/s10439-013-0765-y. Epub 2013 Feb 22.
• The spinal cord has a limited capacity to self-repair. After injury, endogenous stem cells are activated and migrate, proliferate, and differentiate into glial cells. The absence of neuronal differentiation has been partly attributed to the interaction between the injured microenvironment and neural
• PMID 23429962

• Heparan sulfate: a key regulator of embryonic stem cell fate.

• Kraushaar DC, Dalton S, Wang L.AbstractAbstract Heparan sulfate (HS) belongs to a class of glycosaminoglycans and is a highly sulfated, linear polysaccharide. HS biosynthesis and modification involves numerous enzymes. HS exists as part of glycoproteins named HS proteoglycans, which are expressed abundantly on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. HS interacts with numerous proteins, including growth factors, morphogens, and adhesion molecules, and thereby regulates important developmental processes in invertebrates and vertebrates. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are distinguished by their characteristics of self-renewal and pluripotency. Self-renewal allows ESCs to proliferate indefinitely in their undifferentiated state, whereas pluripotency implies their capacity to differentiate into the three germ layers and ultimately all cell types of the adult body. Both traits are tightly regulated by numerous cell signaling pathways. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of HS in the modulation of ESC functions, specifically their lineage fate. Here, we review the current advances that have been made in understanding the structural changes of HS during ESC differentiation and in deciphering the molecular mechanisms by which HS modulates cell fate. Finally, we discuss the applications of heparinoids and chemical inhibitors of HS biosynthesis for the manipulation of ESC culture and directed differentiation.
• Biological chemistry.Biol Chem.2013 Jun 1;394(6):741-51. doi: 10.1515/hsz-2012-0353.
• Abstract Heparan sulfate (HS) belongs to a class of glycosaminoglycans and is a highly sulfated, linear polysaccharide. HS biosynthesis and modification involves numerous enzymes. HS exists as part of glycoproteins named HS proteoglycans, which are expressed abundantly on the cell surface and in the
• PMID 23370908

Japanese Journal

• Sharing of Diverse Mycorrhizal and Root-Endophytic Fungi among Plant Species in an Oak-Dominated Cool-Temperate Forest.

• Toju Hirokazu,Yamamoto Satoshi,Sato Hirotoshi,Tanabe Akifumi S
• PloS one 8(10), 2013-10-21
• … Through belowground plant-fungal interactions, dominant plants can benefit by interacting with host-specific mutualistic fungi and proliferate in a community based on positive plant-mutualistic fungal feedback. …
• NAID 120005347159

• Collection, screening, and evaluation of terrestrial cyanobacterial strains for the bioreclamation of arid soils

• Togashi Satoshi,Obana Shohei,Watanabe Saori,Horaguchi Satoshi,Yashima Miwa,Inubushi Kazuyuki
• 土と微生物 67(1), 3-9, 2013-04-01
• … They first colonized bare rock and had a strong ability to proliferate in infertile substrates, such as volcanic ash, desert sand, and rock. …
• NAID 110009615641

• Insulin-like growth factor 1 inhibits hair cell apoptosis and promotes the cell cycle of supporting cells by activating different downstream cascades after pharmacological hair cell injury in neonatal mice.

• Hayashi Yushi,Yamamoto Norio,Nakagawa Takayuki,Ito Juichi
• Molecular and cellular neurosciences 56, 29-38, 2013-03-17
• … Sensorineural hearing loss, which is mainly caused by cochlear hair cell damage, is an intractable disease, as cochlear hair cells and supporting cells are unable to proliferate in postnatal mammals. …
• NAID 120005244788

• 異種異所移植によるウシ精細管様構造の再構築

• 喜多 章太,森木 甲子郎,谷口 俊仁 [他],安齋 政幸,加藤 博己,佐伯 和弘,細井 美彦,三谷 匡
• Memoirs of Institute of Advanced Technology, Kinki University (18), 29-38, 2013-03
• … However, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that bovine germ cells failed to colonize along the basement membrane of reconstructed seminiferous tubules and to proliferate thereafter. …
• NAID 120005260089

Related Links

• proliferateの意味・用例｜英辞郎 on the WEB：アルク

proliferate 【自動】 急増する、大幅に増加する【文例】 《生物》〔細胞などが... - アルクがお届けする進化するオンライン英和・和英辞書データベース。一般的な単語や連語から、イディオム、専門用語、スラングまで幅広く収録。

• proliferateの意味 - goo辞書 英和和英

proliferateとは。意味や和訳。[動](自)(他)1 《生物》増殖する[させる]，（無性芽で）繁殖する[させる].2 急増する[させる]；まん延する[させる]；（…を）豊富に作り出すFantasies proliferated.空想が次から次へと浮かんだ. - 40万 ...

• Proliferate | Definition of proliferate by Merriam-Webster

Full Definition of PROLIFERATE intransitive verb 1: to grow by rapid production of new parts, cells, buds, or offspring 2: to increase in number as if by proliferating: multiply transitive verb 1: to cause to grow by proliferating 2: to ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「propagate」「expansion」「multiply」「outgrowth」「outgrow」
関連記事	「proliferating」

「propagate」

　　[★]

propagat- = latin propago to increase (plants) by cuttings

• vt.

• 繁殖させる、増殖させる、増やす。(思想などを)普及させる、宣伝させる。(音波、電波などを)伝播する、伝達する。(性質などを)遺伝させる。蔓延させる

• vi.

• 繁殖する、増殖する。広がる。普及する。伝播する。

関

breed、breeding、expansion、growth、multiplication、multiply、outgrow、outgrowth、proliferate、proliferation、propagation、reproduce、reproduction、spread、spreading

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「expansion」

　　[★]

• n.

• 拡大, 増大, 膨張, 増殖

関

augment、augmentation、dilatation、dilate、dilation、distend、distention、enlarge、enlargement、escalate、escalation、expand、extension、growth、increase、increment、inflate、inflation、magnify、multiplication、multiply、outgrow、outgrowth、proliferate、proliferation、propagate、propagation、swell、swelling

　 　 　 　 　

「multiply」

　　[★]

• v.

• 増加する、増す、繁殖する、増殖する

関

breed、breeding、elevate、expansion、gain、growth、increase、increment、multiplication、outgrow、outgrowth、proliferate、proliferation、propagate、propagation、reproduce、reproduction、rise、up-regulation、upregulation

　 　 　 　 　

「outgrowth」

　　[★]

• n.

• (当然の)結果、所産。派生物、副産物
• 伸び出ること、生長、生成。伸び出たもの、木の芽、枝、ひこばえ

関

elongate、elongation、expand、expansion、extend、grow、growth、multiplication、multiply、outgrow、proliferate、proliferation、propagate、propagation

　 　

「outgrow」

　　[★]

• vt.

• ～より大きくなる。～より早く成長する
• (成長して)(考え・週間など)を脱する、失う

関

expansion、grow、growth、multiplication、multiply、outgrowth、proliferate、proliferation、propagate、propagation

　 　 　

「proliferating」

　　[★]

• 増殖性の

関

multiplicative、productive、productively、proliferative