- 関
- maternal-fetal transmission、MTCT、vertical disease transmission、vertical transmission
WordNet
- care for like a mother; "She fusses over her husband" (同)fuss, overprotect
- a stringy slimy substance consisting of yeast cells and bacteria; forms during fermentation and is added to cider or wine to produce vinegar
- a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother); "the mother of three children" (同)female parent
- a condition that is the inspiration for an activity or situation; "necessity is the mother of invention"
- a term of address for a mother superior
- a term of address for an elderly woman
- an immature childish person; "he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived"; "stop being a baby!" (同)baby
- a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age; "they had three children"; "they were able to send their kids to college" (同)kid
- a young person of either sex; "she writes books for children"; "theyre just kids"; "`tiddler is a British term for youngster" (同)kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small_fry, tiddler, tike, tyke, fry, nestling
- a member of a clan or tribe; "the children of Israel"
- the gears that transmit power from an automobile engine via the driveshaft to the live axle (同)transmission system
- the act of sending a message; causing a message to be transmitted (同)transmittal, transmitting
- communication by means of transmitted signals
- make a light, metallic sound; go `ting
- a light clear metallic sound as of a small bell (同)tinkle
- cause to make a ting
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『母』 / 〈C〉母親のような人 / 〈U〉《the ~》(…の)源(みなもと),原因《+『of』+『名』》 / ・・・‘を'生む,‘の'母親になる / ・・・‘を'母のように世話する
- 酢母(酢の表面にできる薄皮)
- 《方向》(1)(到着の意を含めて)…『へ』,に,まで / 《状況の変化》…[のほう]へ;…に[なるまで],その結果…になる / 《適用範囲》(1)《動詞に伴って》『…に対して』,に,へ / (2)《形容詞[句]・[代]名倍に伴って》『…に対して』 / 《程度・範囲》『…[に至る]まで』 / 《時間の終り》『…まで』(till) / 《to one's+『名』の形で》(…が)『…したことに[は]』 / 《比較・対比・割合》『…と比べて』,より,に対して / 《一致・適合》『…に合わせて』,に合って,に応じて / 《目的・意図》『…のために』 / 《運命・境遇》『…に』 / 《所属・関係》『…へ』,に[対して] / 《付加・付着・固執》『…に』 / 《対立・対向》…に[対して] / いつもの状態(位置)に / 停止(閉鎖)の状態に / 活動状態に(へ),仕事に
- 《名詞的用法》『…すること』 / 《形容詞的用法》『…するための,すべき』 / 《副詞的用法》『…するために』,して,するとは,すれば / 《独立用法》 / 《文全体を修飾する慣用語句》…すれば,してみると,…だが / 短縮文
- (おとなに対して)『子供』,幼児,児童;(小学・中学・高校の)児童 / (親に対して)子,子孫;息子,娘 / (ある環鏡・時代の)影響を受けて生まれた人,(…の)申し子《+『of』+『名』》 / (頭脳・空想などが)産み出したものの,所産《+『of』+『名』》
- (また transmittal)〈U〉(…を)伝える(送る)こと,(…が)伝えられる(送られる)こし,(…の)伝達,伝送《+of+名》 / 〈C〉(ラジオ・テレビなどで)送られたもの(画面・番組など) / 〈C〉伝動装置,(車の)変速装置,ギヤ
- …‘を'チリンチリナ(リンリン)と鳴らす / チリンチリン鳴る宴
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2012/09/05 22:50:00」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Vertical transmission, also known as mother-to-child transmission, is the transmission of an infection or other disease from mother to child immediately before and after birth during the perinatal period. A pathogen's transmissibility refers to its capacity for vertical transmission. The concept of vertical transmission is also used in population genetics to describe inheritance of an allele or condition from either the father or mother.
Vertical transmission tends to evolve benign symbiosis. It is therefore a critical concept for evolutionary medicine.
Because a pathogen's ability to pass from parent to child depends significantly on the hosts' ability to reproduce, pathogens' transmissibility tends to be inversely related with their virulence. In other words, as pathogens become more harmful to and thus decrease the reproduction rate of their host organism, they are less likely to be passed on to the hosts' offspring, since there will be fewer offspring.[1]
Although AIDS is sometimes transmitted through perinatal transmission, its virulence can be accounted for by the fact that its primary mode of transmission is not vertical. Moreover, medicine has further decreased the frequency of vertical transmission of AIDS. The incidence of perinatal AIDS cases in the United States has declined as a result of the implementation of recommendations on HIV counseling and voluntary testing practices and the use of zido\aidinc therapy by providers to reduce perinatal HIV transmission. [2]
The price paid in the evolution of symbiosis is, however, great: For many generations, almost all cases of vertical transmission will continue to be pathological -- in particular if there are any other routes of transmission. It takes many generations of random mutation and selection to finally evolve symbiosis. During this time, the vast majority of vertical transmission cases will exhibit the initial virulence.
In Dual Inheritance Theory, vertical transmission refers to the passing of cultural traits from parents to children.[3]
See also
References
- ^ Stewart, AD; Logsdon, JM; Kelley, SE (April 2005). "An empirical study of the evolution of virulence under both horizontal and vertical transmission". Evolution 59 (4): 730–739. doi:10.1554/03-330. PMID 15926685.
- ^ {{cite journal | title=Implementation Of Guidelines For HIV Counseling And Voluntary HIV Testing Of Pregnant Women | last1=Chester | first1=Kelly J. | last2=et al. | journal=American Journal Of Public Health | year=2000 | issue=90.2 | pages=273-276 |
- ^ Cavalli-Sfornza, L. and M. Feldman. 1981. Cultural Transmission and Evolution: A Quantitative Approach. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Diseases of maternal transmission / perinatal infection / vertical transmission (P35–P39, 771)
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Gestational/
transplacental/TORCH complex |
virus (Congenital rubella syndrome, Congenital cytomegalovirus infection, Neonatal herpes simplex) · Hepatitis B · Congenital varicella syndrome · HIV · Fifth disease
bacteria (Congenital syphilis)
other (Toxoplasmosis)
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Transmissible at birth/
transcervical |
Candidiasis · Gonorrhea · Listeriosis
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Cell-mediated immunodeficiency
of late pregnancy |
Listeriosis · Congenital cytomegalovirus infection
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Breastfeeding |
Tuberculosis · HIV
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gr+f/gr+a(t)/gr-p(c)/gr-o
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Infectious disease and microbiology
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Disciplines/
pathogens/
major diseases |
Bacteriology
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Bacteria: Tuberculosis · Leprosy · Cholera · Diptheria · Syphilis
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Virology
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Viruses: AIDS · Influenza · Polio · Measles · Smallpox
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Prions: Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
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Mycology
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Fungi: Candidiasis · Tinea · Aspergillosis
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Parasitology
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Protozoan infection/Helminths: Malaria · Schistosomiasis · Hookworm · Amoebic dysentery
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Medical entomology
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Ectoparasites: Scabies · Lice
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People |
Ignaz Semmelweis · Louis Pasteur · Robert Koch · Alexander Fleming
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Special topics |
Vaccination · Antibiotics · Pandemic · Eradication · Zoonosis · Transmission (Horizontal, Vertical)
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UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- Editorial Commentary: To B or Not to B? That Is the Question, for Global Mother-to-Child HIV-1 Transmission Prevention Programs.
- Sawe F, Lockman S.SourceKenya Medical Research Institute/Walter Reed Project, Kericho.
- Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Clin Infect Dis.2013 Feb;56(3):447-9. doi: 10.1093/cid/cis862. Epub 2012 Nov 30.
- PMID 23204036
- Cost-effectiveness of World Health Organization 2010 Guidelines for Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in Zimbabwe.
- Ciaranello AL, Perez F, Engelsmann B, Walensky RP, Mushavi A, Rusibamayila A, Keatinge J, Park JE, Maruva M, Cerda R, Wood R, Dabis F, Freedberg KA.SourceMedical Practice Evaluation Center, Divisions of Infectious Disease.
- Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Clin Infect Dis.2013 Feb;56(3):430-46. doi: 10.1093/cid/cis858. Epub 2012 Nov 30.
- Background. In 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) released revised guidelines for prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission (PMTCT). We projected clinical impacts, costs, and cost-effectiveness of WHO-recommended PMTCT strategies in Zimbabwe. Methods. W
- PMID 23204035
- Clinical condition and transmission of coinfections with human cytomegalovirus in infants of HIV-1 infected mothers in the era of mother-to-child-transmission prophylaxis.
- Mania A, Kemnitz P, Cudnoch K, Mazur-Melewska K, Figlerowicz M, Służewski W.SourceDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland. Electronic address: mania@mp.pl.
- Early human development.Early Hum Dev.2013 Feb;89(2):119-24. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.08.008. Epub 2012 Sep 27.
- BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical state and the risk of coinfections in infants of HIV-1-infected women receiving MTCT prophylaxis.METHODS: The study included 35 Polish infants of HIV-1-infected mothers diagnosed for congenital infections. Children were evaluated
- PMID 23021943
Japanese Journal
- Genetic Analyses of HIV-1 Strains Transmitted from Mother to Child in Northern Vietnam
- 1) Prevention of mother-to child transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus type-1(III. Feto-maternal Infection)
Related Links
- Fact sheets about HIV/AIDS treatment information, the prevention of mother-to-child transmission, and HIV treatment side effects. All the fact sheets are written specifically for patients in easy to read language.
- The transmission of HIV from a HIV-positive mother to her child during pregnancy, labour, delivery or breastfeeding is called mother-to-child transmission. In the absence of any intervention, transmission rates range from 15% to 45
- Nearly all young children newly infected with HIV are infected through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT); about 86% of the estimated 160 000 children newly infected with HIV in 2018 were in the WHO African Region. Globally
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- mother-to-child transmission MTCT
- 関
- 垂直感染, vertical disease transmission, vertical transmission、周産期感染症
母子感染において重要なウイルス
- RV :風疹ウイルス:先天性風疹症候群
- CMV :サイトメガロウイルス巨細胞封入体症
- HSV :単純ヘルペスウイルス:新生児ヘルペス
- VZV :水痘・帯状疱疹ウイルス:先天性水痘帯状疱疹症候群
- B19V:パルボウイルス:非免疫性胎児水腫
- HPV :ヒトパピローマウイルス:咽頭乳頭症
その他
- HBV :B型肝炎ウイルス感染症
- HCV :C型肝炎ウイルス感染症
- HIV :ヒト免疫不全ウイルス感染
- HTLV:ヒトT細胞白血病ウイルス感染症
TORCHS症候群
- TO:トキソプラズマ
- R :風疹ウイルス
- C :サイトメガロウイルス
- H :ヘルペスウイルス(単純ヘルペス、水痘・帯状疱疹ウイルス)
- S :梅毒
母子感染の経路
- 資料2
1. 胎内感染
- 1. 母体が感染した場合,あるいは持続感染した微生物が再活性化した場合に,母体血を介し胎盤から臍帯を通じ児に感染
- 2. 胎盤に感染した微生物が増殖し児に感染
- 3. 子宮頸部や腟から上行性に羊膜や羊水を介し感染
2. 分娩時感染
- 1. 産道感染:
- 1. 子宮頸部,腟,外陰部などに感染している微生物が分娩時に産道内で児の粘膜などから感染
- 2. 産道内の母体血中の微生物が児の粘膜などから感染
- 2. placental leakage : B 型肝炎ウイルスやHIV の胎内感染率が切迫早産既往群に多いことから推定された.母体血の新生児血中への混入量を胎盤性アルカリフォスファターゼを指標として測定した場合,予定帝切群で0.8ml/kg(新生児体重)、経腟分娩群で1.2ml/kg と有意差があるという報告もある
3. 経母乳感染
- 母乳中の微生物や感染リンパ球が経口的に児に感染。
- サイトメガロウイルスは経母乳感染をするが、成熟児はこの感染により自然免疫を得て,成人してから初感染することは防げる。
- 1,500g 未満の極低出生体重児では経母乳感染により,肝炎などを発症する可能性がある。
母子感染症
- G10M.168
- G10M.182改変
感染時期と胎児影響
- 妊娠初期:早産、先天性胎児奇形:風疹ウイルス、水痘ウイルス、麻疹ウイルス、HHV-6、パルボウイルスB19
- 妊娠中期~末期:新生児ウイルス感染:単純ヘルペスウイルス、水痘ウイルス、サイトメガロウイルス、梅毒トレポネーマ(妊娠13週までは胎児感染しにくい)
資料
- http://www.jsog.or.jp/PDF/58/5809-416.pdf
- http://www.jsog.or.jp/PDF/56/5609-535.pdf
[★]
- 関
- maternal-fetal transmission、mother-to-child transmission、MTCT、vertical infection、vertical transmission
[★]
- 関
- maternal-fetal transmission、mother-to-child transmission、vertical disease transmission、vertical transmission
[★]
- 関
- communication、contagion、convey、infect、infection、infestation、penetrate、penetration、permeate、transduce、transduction、transductional、transfer、transmit
[★]
[★]
ガ
- 関
- Antheraea、Culicidae、giant silkmoth、mosquito
[★]
- 足指のある、つま先のある、(くぎを)斜めに打ち込んだ
[★]
- 関
- motherhood