出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/10/09 17:36:14」(JST)
Juvenile polyposis syndrome | |
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Classification and external resources | |
Micrograph of a gastric juvenile polyp, as may be seen in juvenile polyposis syndrome. H&E stain.
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OMIM | 174900 |
DiseasesDB | 7067 |
GeneReviews |
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Juvenile polyposis syndrome is a syndrome characterized by the appearance of multiple juvenile polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. Polyps are abnormal growths arising from a mucous membrane. These usually begin appearing before age 20, but the term juvenile refers to the type of polyp, not to the age of the affected person.[1] While the majority of the polyps found in Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome are non-neoplastic, hamartomatous, self-limiting and benign, there is an increased risk of adenocarcinoma.
Solitary juvenile polyps most commonly occur in the rectum and present with rectal bleeding. The World Health Organization criteria for diagnosis of juvenile polyposis syndrome are one of either:
Age of onset is variable. The term 'Juvenile' in the title of Juvenile polyposis syndrome refers to the histological type of the polyps rather than age of onset.
Affected individuals may present with rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, diarrhea or anemia. On colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy polyps that vary in shape or size are present. The polyps can be sessile or pedunculated hamartomatous polyps.[1]
Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome can occur sporadically in families or be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
Two genes associated with Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome are BMPR1A and SMAD4.[1] Gene testing may be useful when trying to ascertain which non-symptomatic family members may be at risk of developing polyps, however having a known familial mutation would be unlikely to change the course of treatment. A known mutation may also be of use for affected individuals when they decide to start a family as it allows them reproductive choices.
While mutations in the gene PTEN were also thought to have caused Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome, it is now thought that mutations in this gene cause a similar clinical picture to Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome but are actually affected with Cowden syndrome or other phenotypes of the PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome.
Most juvenile polyps are benign, however, malignancy can occur. The cumulative lifetime risk of colorectal cancer is 39% in patients with juvenile polyposis syndrome.[3]
People with juvenile polyps may require yearly upper and lower endoscopies with polyp excision and cytology. Their siblings may also need to be screened regularly.[citation needed] Malignant transformation of polyps requires surgical colectomy.
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リンク元 | 「癌」「若年性ポリポーシス」「若年性大腸ポリポーシス」 |
拡張検索 | 「juvenile polyposis coli」 |
関連記事 | 「juvenile」「polyposis」 |
Neoplasm | Causes | Effect |
Small cell lung carcinoma | ACTH or ACTH-like peptide | Cushing’s syndrome |
Small cell lung carcinoma and intracranial neoplasms | ADH | SIADH |
Squamous cell lung carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, breast carcinoma, multiple myeloma, and bone metastasis (lysed bone) | PTH-related peptide, TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1 | Hypercalcemia |
Renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastoma | Erythropoietin | Polycythemia |
Thymoma, small cell lung carcinoma | Antibodies against presynaptic Ca2+ channels at neuromuscular junction | Lambert-Eaton syndrome (muscle weakness) |
Leukemias and lymphomas | Hyperuricemia due to excess nucleic acid turnover (i.e., cytotoxic therapy) | Gout, urate nephropathy |
●2005年の死亡数が多い部位は順に | ||||||
1位 | 2位 | 3位 | 4位 | 5位 | ||
男性 | 肺 | 胃 | 肝臓 | 結腸 | 膵臓 | 結腸と直腸を合わせた大腸は4位 |
女性 | 胃 | 肺 | 結腸 | 肝臓 | 乳房 | 結腸と直腸を合わせた大腸は1位 |
男女計 | 肺 | 胃 | 肝臓 | 結腸 | 膵臓 | 結腸と直腸を合わせた大腸は3位 |
●2001年の罹患数が多い部位は順に | ||||||
1位 | 2位 | 3位 | 4位 | 5位 | ||
男性 | 胃 | 肺 | 結腸 | 肝臓 | 前立腺 | 結腸と直腸を合わせた大腸は2位 |
女性 | 乳房*1 | 胃 | 結腸 | 子宮*1 | 肺 | 結腸と直腸を合わせた大腸は1位 |
男女計 | 胃 | 肺 | 結腸 | 乳房*1 | 肝臓 | 結腸と直腸を合わせた大腸は2位 |
*1上皮内がんを含む。 |
Table 79-1 Cancer Predisposition Syndromes and Associated Genes | ||||
Syndrome | Gene | Chromosome | Inheritance | Tumors |
ataxia telangiectasia | ATM | 11q22-q23 | AR | breast cancer |
autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome | FAS | 10q24 | AD | lymphomas |
FASL | 1q23 | |||
Bloom syndrome | BLM | 15q26.1 | AR | cancer of all types |
Cowden syndrome | PTEN | 10q23 | AD | breast, thyroid |
familial adenomatous polyposis | APC | 5q21 | AD | intestinal adenoma, colorectal cancer |
familial melanoma | p16INK4 | 9p21 | AD | melanoma, pancreatic cancer |
familial Wilms tumor | WT1 | 11p13 | AD | pediatric kidney cancer |
hereditary breast/ovarian cancer | BRCA1 | 17q21 | AD | breast, ovarian, colon, prostate |
BRCA2 | 13q12.3 | |||
hereditary diffuse gastric cancer | CDH1 | 16q22 | AD | stomach cancers |
hereditary multiple exostoses | EXT1 | 8q24 | AD | exostoses, chondrosarcoma |
EXT2 | 11p11-12 | |||
hereditary prostate cancer | HPC1 | 1q24-25 | AD | prostate carcinoma |
hereditary retinoblastoma | RB1 | 13q14.2 | AD | retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma |
hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) | MSH2 | 2p16 | AD | colon, endometrial, ovarian, stomach, small bowel, ureter carcinoma |
MLH1 | 3p21.3 | |||
MSH6 | 2p16 | |||
PMS2 | 7p22 | |||
hereditary papillary renal carcinoma | MET | 7q31 | AD | papillary renal tumor |
juvenile polyposis | SMAD4 | 18q21 | AD | gastrointestinal, pancreatic cancers |
Li-Fraumeni | TP53 | 17p13.1 | AD | sarcoma, breast cancer |
multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 | MEN1 | 11q13 | AD | parathyroid, endocrine, pancreas, and pituitary |
multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2a | RET | 10q11.2 | AD | medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma |
neurofibromatosis type 1 | NF1 | 17q11.2 | AD | neurofibroma, neurofibrosarcoma, brain tumor |
neurofibromatosis type 2 | NF2 | 22q12.2 | AD | vestibular schwannoma, meningioma, spine |
nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin's syndrome) | PTCH | 9q22.3 | AD | basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, jaw cysts |
tuberous sclerosis | TSC1 | 9q34 | AD | angiofibroma, renal angiomyolipoma |
TSC2 | 16p13.3 | |||
von Hippel–Lindau | VHL | 3p25-26 | AD | kidney, cerebellum, pheochromocytoma |
疾患 | 危険因子 | 防御因子 | |
悪性腫瘍 | 胃癌 | 塩辛い食品、喫煙、くん製製品、ニトロソアミン土壌、腸上皮化生、Helicobacter pyroli | ビタミンC、野菜、果実 |
食道癌 | 喫煙、飲酒、熱い飲食物 | 野菜、果実 | |
結腸癌 | 高脂肪食、肉食、低い身体活動、腸内細菌叢の変化、遺伝(家族性大腸腺腫症) | ||
肝癌 | HBVキャリア・HCVキャリア、アフラトキシン、住血吸虫、飲酒 | ||
肺癌 | 喫煙(特に扁平上皮癌)、大気汚染、職業的暴露(石綿(扁平上皮癌、悪性中皮腫)、クロム) | 野菜、果実 | |
膵癌 | 高脂肪食、喫煙 | ||
口腔癌 | 喫煙(口唇・舌-パイプ)、ビンロウ樹の実(口腔、舌)、飲酒 | ||
咽頭癌 | EBウイルス(上咽頭癌)、飲酒 | ||
喉頭癌 | 喫煙、男性、アルコール | ||
乳癌 | 高年初産、乳癌の家族歴、肥満、未婚で妊娠回数少ない、無授乳、脂肪の過剰摂取、低年齢初経、高年齢閉経 | 母乳授乳 | |
子宮頚癌 | 初交年齢若い、早婚、多産、性交回数が多い(売春)、貧困、不潔]、HSV-2、HPV、流産、人工妊娠中絶回数が多い | ||
子宮体癌 | 肥満、糖尿病、ピル、エストロゲン常用、未婚、妊娠回数少ない、乳癌後のタモキシフエン内服 | ||
膀胱癌 | 喫煙、鎮痛剤乱用、ビルハルツ住血吸虫、サッカリン、防腐剤 | ||
皮膚癌 | 日光(紫外線)、ヒ素(Bowen病) | ||
白血病 | 放射線、ベンゼン、地域集積性(ATL)、ダウン症(小児白血病) | ||
骨腫瘍 | 電離放射線 | ||
甲状腺癌 | ヨード欠乏または過剰 |
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