hypersensitivity

アレルギー 　 　 　

WordNet

1. pathological sensitivity
2. extreme sensitivity
3. characterized by or caused by allergy; "an allergic reaction"
4. having an allergy or peculiar or excessive susceptibility (especially to a specific factor); "allergic children"; "hypersensitive to pollen" (同)hypersensitive, hypersensitized, hypersensitised, sensitized, sensitised, supersensitive, supersensitized, supersensitised
5. excessive activity; "overactivity of the sebaceous glands causes the skin to become oily"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 過敏,過敏症
2. アレルギー性の;(…に)アレルギーを起こす《+『to』+『名』》 / 《補語にのみ用いて》《話》(…に)神経過敏の,(…が)大きらいの《+『to』+『名』(do『ing)』》
3. (…に)敏感すぎる,過敏性の《+『to』(『about』)+『名』》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/07 01:43:52」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Hypersensitivity (disambiguation).

Hypersensitivity
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Allergy and immunology
ICD-10	T78.4
ICD-9-CM	995.3
DiseasesDB	28827
MeSH	D006967

Hypersensitivity (also called hypersensitivity reaction or intolerance) is a set of undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity. These reactions may be damaging, uncomfortable, or occasionally fatal. Hypersensitivity reactions require a pre-sensitized (immune) state of the host. They are classified in four groups after the proposal of P. G. H. Gell and Robin Coombs in 1963.

Coombs and Gell classification

Comparison of hypersensitivity types

Type	Alternative names	Often mentioned disorders	Mediators	Description
I	Allergy (immediate)	Atopy Anaphylaxis Asthma	IgE	Fast response which occurs in minutes, rather than multiple hours or days. Free antigens cross link the IgE on mast cells and basophils which causes a release of vasoactive biomolecules. Testing can be done via skin test for specific IgE.
II	Cytotoxic, antibody-dependent	Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Rheumatic heart disease Thrombocytopenia Erythroblastosis fetalis Goodpasture's syndrome Graves' disease *see type V explanation below Myasthenia gravis *see type V explanation below	IgM or IgG (Complement) MAC	Antibody (IgM or IgG) binds to antigen on a target cell, which is actually a host cell that is perceived by the immune system as foreign, leading to cellular destruction via the MAC. Testing includes both the direct and indirect Coombs test.
III	Immune complex disease	Serum sickness Arthus reaction Rheumatoid arthritis Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis Membranous nephropathy Lupus nephritis Systemic lupus erythematosus Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis)	IgG (Complement) Neutrophils	Antibody (IgG) binds to soluble antigen, forming a circulating immune complex. This is often deposited in the vessel walls of the joints and kidney, initiating a local inflammatory reaction.
IV	Delayed-type hypersensitivity, cell-mediated immune memory response, antibody-independent	Contact dermatitis, including Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis (poison ivy rash). Mantoux test Chronic transplant rejection Multiple sclerosis	T-cells	Helper T cells (specifically Th1 helper t cells) are activated by an antigen presenting cell. When the antigen is presented again in the future, the memory Th1 cells will activate macrophages and cause an inflammatory response. This ultimately can lead to tissue damage.
V	Autoimmune disease, receptor mediated (see below)	Graves' disease Myasthenia gravis	IgM or IgG (Complement)

Type V

This is an additional type that is sometimes (often in the UK) used as a distinction from Type 2.

Instead of binding to cell surface s, the antibodies recognise and bind to the cell surface receptors, which either prevents the intended ligand binding with the receptor or mimics the effects of the ligand, thus impairing cell signaling.

Some clinical examples:

• Graves' disease
• Myasthenia gravis

The use of Type 5 is rare. These conditions are more frequently classified as Type 2, though sometimes they are specifically segregated into their own subcategory of Type 2.

See also

• Type I hypersensitivity
• Type II hypersensitivity
• Type III hypersensitivity
• Type IV hypersensitivity
• Type V hypersensitivity
• Intolerance

References

External links

• Hypersensitivity reactions at GPnotebook

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 薬物アレルギー：分類および臨床的特徴 drug allergy classification and clinical features
• 2. 過敏性肺臓炎（外因性アレルギー性肺胞炎）の診断 diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis extrinsic allergic alveolitis
• 3. 成人における過敏性血管炎 hypersensitivity vasculitis in adults
• 4. 薬疹 drug eruptions
• 5. 薬物アレルギー：病因 drug allergy pathogenesis

English Journal

• The traditional Japanese medicine hangeshashinto alleviates oral ulcer-induced pain in a rat model.

• Hitomi S1, Ono K2, Yamaguchi K3, Terawaki K4, Imai R4, Kubota K4, Omiya Y4, Hattori T4, Kase Y4, Inenaga K1.
• Archives of oral biology.Arch Oral Biol.2016 Jun;66:30-7. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.02.002. Epub 2016 Feb 3.
• OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have demonstrated that mouthwash made with the traditional Japanese medicine hangeshashinto exhibits anti-inflammatory action and alleviates oral mucositis scores, including pain complaints, in patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy. However, no study has demonstrated the me
• PMID 26878477

• Oral mucosal involvement and petechial lesions: a SDRIFE case with unusual findings.

• Karadag AS1, Ozlu E2, Akdeniz N2,3, Uzuncakmak TK4, Turkoglu Z5, Ozkanli S4, Zemheri E6.
• Cutaneous and ocular toxicology.Cutan Ocul Toxicol.2016 Jun;35(2):157-9. doi: 10.3109/15569527.2015.1067227. Epub 2015 Jul 30.
• Symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE) is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction characterized by a symmetrical erythematous rash in the gluteal and intertriginous areas. SDRIFE was previously considered to be the same presentation as Baboon Syndrome, however, has been
• PMID 26339719

• Quantitative sensory testing of dentinal sensitivity in healthy humans.

• Wang K1, He T2, Luo YI1, Bentsen B1, Arendt-Nielsen L1.
• Acta odontologica Scandinavica.Acta Odontol Scand.2016 May;74(4):259-64. doi: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1110248. Epub 2015 Nov 6.
• Objective The study was to provide information on quantitative sensory testing (QST) of normal teeth to establish a sensory profile and investigate the possible gender and regional differences. Materials and methods A modified QST protocol was applied on both left and right upper-jaw incisors and pr
• PMID 26542888

Japanese Journal

• 過敏症・インフュージョンリアクション (特集 外科医が知っておくべきがん薬物療法の副作用とその対策) -- (症状別対策マニュアル)

• 澤田 成彦,石田 文生,島田 麻里 [他]
• 臨床外科 = Journal of clinical surgery 70(5), 585-589, 2015-05
• NAID 40020445881

• 接触性皮膚炎の発症機序Update

• 本田 哲也,椛島 健治
• 臨床免疫・アレルギー科 63(4), 362-367, 2015-04
• NAID 40020444984

• 間質性肺炎 : その他(膠原病を除く) : 過敏性肺炎などの間質性肺炎についての報告の整理 (特集 ステロイド薬(含吸入薬)の基礎と呼吸器疾患への臨床応用)

• 宮崎 泰成
• 日本胸部臨床 74(4), 426-437, 2015-04
• NAID 40020423390

Related Links

• Hypersensitivity - definition of Hypersensitivity by ...

Definition of Hypersensitivity in the Medical Dictionary. Hypersensitivity explanation. Information about Hypersensitivity in Free online English dictionary.

• What It Means to Have Hypersensitivity - About

Being hypersensitive could be described as being allergic to life. For the highly sensitive person a seemingly ordinary day can be overwhelming.

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「アレルギー」「過敏性」「hypersensitive」「hyperreactivity」「overactivity」
拡張検索	「food hypersensitivity」「wheat hypersensitivity」「delayed hypersensitivity」

「アレルギー」

　　[★]

英

allergy

同

アレルギー反応 allergic reaction

関

過敏症 hypersensitivity

クームス分類

• I型アレルギー 即時型過敏反応
• II型アレルギー
• III型アレルギー
• IV型アレルギー
• V型アレルギー

クームス分類

	I型アレルギー	II型アレルギー	III型アレルギー	IV型アレルギー			V型アレルギー
免疫反応の主体	IgE	IgM, IgG	免疫複合体	Th1細胞	Th2細胞	Tc細胞	IgG
抗原	水溶性抗原	細胞や マトリックスに 結合している抗原	水溶性抗原	水溶性抗原	水溶性抗原	細胞関連の抗原	細胞表面レセプター
エフェクター機構	肥満細胞の活性化	補体 (CDC)|NK細胞、好中球 (ADCC)	補体、好中球	マクロファージの活性化	IgE産生、好酸球と肥満細胞活性化	細胞障害	抗体の結合
アレルギー疾患の例	気管支喘息 アレルギー性鼻炎 花粉症 喘息 蕁麻疹 アトピー性皮膚炎 ラテックスアレルギー	ABO不適合輸血 新生児溶血性貧血 グッドパスチャー症候群 自己免疫性溶血貧血 AIHA 特発性血小板減少性紫斑病 ITP 橋本病 超急性移植片拒絶反応	アルツス反応 アニサキス症 トリ飼い病 農夫肺 血清病 急性糸球体腎炎 ループス腎炎(SLE) 関節リウマチ 過敏性肺臓炎 アレルギー性気管支肺アスペルギルス症	接触性皮膚炎 ツベルクリン反応 慢性肉芽腫症	慢性喘息 慢性アレルギー鼻炎	移植片拒絶	慢性蕁麻疹 バセドー病 重症筋無力症
検査方法	RAST法 RIST法 皮内反応 プリックテスト スクラッチテスト 負荷試験	免疫組織染色 凝集反応(完全抗体) 凝集反応(不完全抗体, クームステスト)		皮内反応

診療ガイドライン

• http://www.jaanet.org/guideline/index.html
• アレルギー情報センター

http://www.allergy.go.jp/allergy/guideline/index.html

検査

• 1. 貼付試験 パッチテスト patch test：IV型アレルギー
• 2. スクラッチテスト scratch test：I型アレルギー
• 3. プリックテスト prick test：I型アレルギー
• 4. 皮内反応：I型アレルギー、IV型アレルギー
• 5. 薬剤リンパ球刺激試験 drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test DLST：IV型アレルギー
• 6. マクロファージ遊走阻止試験：IV型アレルギー
• その他：血清補体価(II型アレルギー、III型アレルギー)

「過敏性」

　　[★]

英

hypersensitivity、hyperreactivity、overactivity、hypersensitive、overactive

関

アレルギー、過感受性、過感受的、活動亢進、過敏症、高感受性、知覚過敏、反応亢進、反応性亢進

「hypersensitive」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 過敏性の、知覚過敏の、高感受性の、過感受的な

関

hyperesthesia、hyperesthetic、hyperreactivity、hypersensitivity、overactive、overactivity、supersensitive

　

「hyperreactivity」

　　[★]

• n.

• 反応性亢進、反応亢進、過敏性

関

hyperreactive、hyperresponsive、hyperresponsiveness、hypersensitive、hypersensitivity、overactive、overactivity

「overactivity」

　　[★]

• n.

• 過敏性、活動亢進

関

hyperactive、hyperactivity、hyperreactivity、hypersensitive、hypersensitivity、increased activity、overactive

　

「food hypersensitivity」

　　[★]

食物アレルギー、食物過敏症、食品アレルギー、食品過敏症

関

alimentary allergy、food allergy

「wheat hypersensitivity」

　　[★]

• 小麦過敏症、小麦アレルギー、コムギアレルギー

「delayed hypersensitivity」

　　[★]

遅延型過敏症

関

type IV hypersensitivity