WordNet

more active than normal; "a hyperactive child" (同)overactive
affected with or marked by frenzy or mania uncontrolled by reason; "a frenzied attack"; "a frenzied mob"; "the prosecutors frenzied denunciation of the accused"- H.W.Carter; "outbursts of drunken violence and manic activity and creativity" (同)manic
excessive activity; "overactivity of the sebaceous glands causes the skin to become oily"
a condition characterized by excessive restlessness and movement

PrepTutorEJDIC

(子供などが)異常に(過度に)活発な
逆上した,血迷った(frantic)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/18 18:52:37」(JST)

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Hyperactivity is a physical state in which a person is abnormally active. The colloquial term hyper is used to describe someone who is in a hyperactive state.

Causes

In two studies published in 2004 and 2007, researchers from Southampton University suggested that a statistically significant increase in the hyperactivity of children occurred after they consumed common artificial food colours and additives from fruit drinks.^[1]^[2] The list of compounds used in the two studies included a preservative commonly used in beverages, sodium benzoate, and six color additives used in foods: tartrazine, quinoline yellow, sunset yellow, carmoisine and allura red. On the basis of the 2007 report, The UK Food Standards Agency has revised its stance on these additives, informing parents of children that demonstrate hyperactive behaviour that removal of foods containing the six additives from their diet may have beneficial results on behaviour.^[3] The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was asked to review the 2007 study that asserted a link between consumption of artificial food colours and the observation of hyperactive behaviour in children. EFSA invited a number of experts in behaviour, child psychiatry, allergenicity and statistical analysis to provide input to the EFSA Panel on Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food. In a press release^[4] from March 2008, EFSA indicated that, in their view, the 2007 study provided only limited evidence of an association between the intake of the mixture of additives and activity and attention, and then only in some children studied. They further indicated that the effects that were reported in the study were not consistent for the two age groups and the two food additive mixtures.

Other studies have recommended the Feingold Diet which eliminates several synthetic colors, synthetic flavors, synthetic preservatives, and artificial sweeteners. Scientific studies have shown mixed results in double blind studies of the diet.^[5] A 1983 publication in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association suggested that administration of the Feingold diet produced very minimal behavioural alterations in hyperactive children.^[6]

Sugar consumption

The majority of studies show no connection between sugar and hyperactivity.^[7]^[8] Some people, particularly parents and teachers, believe that sugar causes hyperactivity, and that children's behavior often gets more rowdy, excited and energetic after they eat too much sugary food and drink too much sugary drinks (such as chocolates/sweets or soft drinks). One particular study found that the perception by parents regarding their children's hyperactivity depended on their belief as to whether they had been given sugar.^[9]

Sleep deprivation in children

Children who are sleep deprived tend to become hyperactive rather than dozy.^{[citation needed]} This can be mistaken for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.^[10]

Complicating factors

Other studies point to synthetic preservatives and artificial coloring agents aggravating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in those affected.^[11]^{[unreliable source?]} Numerous studies have found a significant correlation between the ingestion of salicylates and hyperactivity children.^[12] Parental reports were more accurate indicators of the presence of additives than clinical tests.^[13] ^[14] Two studies show academic performance increased and disciplinary problems decreased in large non-ADHD student populations when artificial ingredients were eliminated from school food programs.^[15]^[16]

References

^ Schab DW, Trinh NH (2004). "Do artificial food colors promote hyperactivity in children with hyperactive syndromes? A meta-analysis of double-blind placebo-controlled trials". Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP 25 (6): 423–34. doi:10.1097/00004703-200412000-00007. PMID 15613992.
^ Donna McCann et al. (2007). "Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial". The Lancet 370 (9598): 1560–1567. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61306-3. PMID 17825405.
^ "Agency revises advice on certain artificial colours". Food Standards. 11 September 2007. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
^ European Food Safety Authority
^ Krummel DA, Seligson FH, Guthrie HA (1996). "Hyperactivity: is candy causal?". Critical Reviews in Food Science & Nutrition 36 (1–2): 31–47. doi:10.1080/10408399609527717. PMID 8747098.
^ Lipton MA, Mayo JP. Diet and hyperkinesis: An update. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 83:132134, 1983.
^ Busting the sugar-hyperactivity myth CNN
^ Cecil Adams (2008-02-15). "Does giving sweets to kids produce a "sugar rush?"". The Straight Dope. Retrieved 2011-05-31.
^ Hoover, Richard; Milich (1994). "Effects of sugar ingestion expectancies on mother-child interactions". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 22: 501–515.
^ Sample, Ian. "Peering at bright screens after dark could harm health, doctor claims".
^ 1997 Graduate Student Research Project conducted at the University of South Florida. Author- Richard W. Pressinger M.Ed.
^ Laura J. Stevens, Thomas Kuczek, John R. Burgess, Elizabeth Hurt, L. Eugene Arnold (April 2011). "Dietary Sensitivities and ADHD Symptoms: Thirty-five Years of Research". Clinical Pediatrics 50 (4): 279–293. doi:10.1177/0009922810384728.
^ Sinn, Natalie. "Nutritional and dietary influences on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder" (PDF). Google Scholar. International Life Sciences Institute. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
^ "Food Additives May Affect Kids' Hyperactivity". WebMD Medical News. May 24, 2004. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "A different kind of school lunch". The Feingold Diet Program for ADHD. Pure Facts. October 2002. Retrieved 22 February 2014. ^{[unreliable source?]}
^ Schoenthaler, SJ; Doraz, WE; Wakefield, JA (1986). The Impact of a Low Food Additive and Sucrose Diet on Academic Performance in 803 New York City Public Schools 8 (2). Int J Biosocial Res. pp. 185–195.

External links

Symptom: Hyperactivity
British FSA announcement

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児および思春期における注意欠陥多動性障害：臨床的特徴および評価 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents clinical features and evaluation
2. ヘロイン吸入による白質脳症（chasing the dragon） leukoencephalopathy due to heroin inhalation chasing the dragon
3. 小児および思春期における注意欠陥多動性障害：疫学および病因 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents epidemiology and pathogenesis
4. 膜透過性異常 xerocytosis
5. AIDS関連サイトメガロウイルスによる神経疾患 aids related cytomegalovirus neurologic disease

English Journal

Role of the lateral habenula in shaping context-dependent locomotor activity during cognitive tasks.

Wang Z, Wang L, Yamamoto R, Sugai T, Kato N.SourceDepartment of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
Neuroreport.Neuroreport.2013 Apr 17;24(6):276-80. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e32835ee1e8.
Lesions of the lateral habenula are accompanied by cognitive and emotional deficits. Here we examine how the two sets of deficit may be correlated. In the forced swimming test, control rats had reduced motility and showed a depression-like behavior, as expected. In contrast, rats with bilateral lesi
PMID 23470434

Evaluation of the Response to Selective Internal Radiation Therapy in Patients With Hepatocellular Cancer According to Pretreatment 99mTc-MAA Uptake.

Kucuk ON, Soydal C, Araz M, Ozkan E, Aras G.SourceFrom the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
Clinical nuclear medicine.Clin Nucl Med.2013 Apr;38(4):252-5. doi: 10.1097/RLU.0b013e31828162e8.
AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate if there is a prognostic importance of pretreatment Tc-MAA uptake of liver lesion of patients who received Y selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) treatment for hepatocellular cancer (HCC) or not.METHODS: Nineteen patients (5 female and 14 male patient
PMID 23429390

Increased intrasubject variability in boys with ADHD across tests of motor and cognitive control.

Shiels Rosch K, Dirlikov B, Mostofsky SH.SourceLaboratory for Neurocognitive and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA, ksrosch@gmail.com.
Journal of abnormal child psychology.J Abnorm Child Psychol.2013 Apr;41(3):485-95. doi: 10.1007/s10802-012-9690-z.
Increased intrasubject variability (ISV), or short-term, within-person fluctuations in behavioral performance is consistently found in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ADHD is also associated with impairments in motor control, particularly in boys. The results of the few studies that
PMID 23135288

Relationship between attention deficit hyperactive disorder symptoms and perceived parenting practices of school-age children.

Kim DH, Yoo IY.SourceSungshin University, College of Nursing, Seoul, Korea.
Journal of clinical nursing.J Clin Nurs.2013 Apr;22(7-8):1133-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04343.x. Epub 2012 Nov 29.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between the perception on parenting practices and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in school-age children.BACKGROUND: Psychosocial attention deficit hyperactivity disorder intervention approaches emphasise environmental risk fa
PMID 23193946

Japanese Journal

青少年の非行を巡る犯罪学の新動向 : 精神医学の領域から (特集青少年の非行をめぐる犯罪学の新動向)

奥村雄介
犯罪学雑誌 79(6), 174-180, 2013-12
NAID 40019912507

小中学生の不注意および多動・衝動的行動傾向と攻撃性,抑うつとの関連

野田航,岡田涼,谷伊織 [他]
心理学研究 84(2), 169-175, 2013-06
NAID 40019668385

Inattentive and hyperactive preschool-age boys have lower sympathetic and higher parasympathetic activity

Wang Tzong-Shi,Huang Wei-Lieh,Kuo Terry B. J. [他]
The journal of physiological sciences 63(2), 87-94, 2013-03
NAID 40019602553

小中学生の不注意および多動・衝動的行動傾向と攻撃性，抑うつとの関連

野田航,岡田涼,谷伊織,大西将史,望月直人,中島俊思,辻井正次
心理学研究 84(2), 169-175, 2013
… The present study examines the relationship among inattentive, and hyperactive-impulsive behavior, aggression, and depression in elementary school and junior high school students. … Children's inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive behavior was rated by their teachers and caregivers (ADHD-RS). … Inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive behavior rated by teachers and caregivers were positively related to aggression and depression. …
NAID 130003374318