下肢
- 関
- inferior limb、lower extremity
WordNet
- unrefined in character; "low comedy"
- an air mass of lower pressure; often brings precipitation; "a low moved in over night bringing sleet and snow" (同)depression
- a low level or position or degree; "the stock market fell to a new low"
- used of sounds and voices; low in pitch or frequency (同)low-pitched
- very low in volume; "a low murmur"; "the low-toned murmur of the surf" (同)low-toned
- in a low position; near the ground; "the branches hung low"
- less than normal in degree or intensity or amount; "low prices"; "the reservoir is low"
- literal meanings; being at or having a relatively small elevation or upward extension; "low ceilings"; "low clouds"; "low hills"; "the sun is low"; "low furniture"; "a low bow"
- move something or somebody to a lower position; "take down the vase from the shelf" (同)take_down, let down, get_down, bring_down
- cause to drop or sink; "The lack of rain had depressed the water level in the reservoir" (同)depress
- set lower; "lower a rating"; "lower expectations" (同)lour
- any of the main branches arising from the trunk or a bough of a tree (同)tree branch
- either of the two halves of a bow from handle to tip; "the upper limb of the bow"
- the graduated arc that is attached to an instrument for measuring angles; "the limb of the sextant"
- (astronomy) the circumferential edge of the apparent disc of the sun or the moon or a planet
- one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper
- the act of causing something to move to a lower level (同)letting down
- the act of causing to become less
- having or as if having limbs, especially limbs of a specified kind (usually used in combination); "strong-limbed"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (高さ・位置が)『低い』,低い所にある / (価格・数量・程度などが)『低い』,少ない / (身分・地位などが)『低い』,卑しい / (人格・行為などが)『卑しい』,下劣な,下品な / 《補語にのみ用いて》(体が)『弱った』;元気のない,憂うつな / (供給が)不十分な;(…が)乏しい《+『in』(『on』)+『名』》 / (音・声が)低い,小さい / (生物が)下等な / 『低く』,低い所に / (価格・程度などが)『安く』,低く / 低い声(調子)で;静かに / 最低点,最低水準
- (牛の)モーという鳴き声 / (牛が)モーと鳴く
- (lowの比較級)『もっと低い』,(価格が)もっと安い / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『下級の』;低い(下の)ほうの / …‘を'『下げる』,降ろす / 〈価格・程度・量・調子など〉‘を'『下げる』,小さくする,低下させる / 〈人〉‘を'品位(品格)を落とす / 低くなる,下がる,滅る
- (…に向かって)顔をしかめる,まゆをひそめる《+『at(on, upon)』+『名』》 / 〈空模様が〉険悪になる,〈雨などが〉降りそうな / しかめっつら / 険悪な空模様
- (動物の)『手足』;(鳥の)翼 / (木の)大枝
- 低くする,低下させる;堕落させる
- (空模様が)険悪な,荒れ模様の / しかめっつらの,(顔つきが)不機嫌な
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/11/28 17:07:58」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Lower limb |
|
Back of left lower extremity. |
Latin |
membrum inferius |
Gray's |
subject #291 1336 |
The lower limb is a limb of the body.[1]
According to Terminologia Anatomica, it includes the pelvic girdle, buttocks, hip, and thigh,[2] as well as the components distal to the knee.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "lower limb" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ^ Committee on Anatomical Termi, Federative. Terminologia Anatomica: International Anatomical Terminology. Thieme Stuttgart. p. 2. ISBN 3-13-114361-4.
Human regional anatomy (TA A01.1)
|
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Head |
- Ear
- Face
- Cheek
- Chin
- Eye
- Mouth
- Nose
- Forehead
- Jaw
- Occiput
- Scalp
- Temple
|
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Neck |
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Trunk |
- Abdomen
- Back
- Chest
- Pelvis
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Limbs |
Upper limb
|
- Arm
- Axilla
- Elbow
- Finger
- Thumb
- Index
- Middle
- Ring
- Little
- Forearm
- Hand
- Shoulder
- Wrist
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Lower limb /
(see also leg)
|
- Ankle
- Buttocks
- Calf
- Crus
- Foot
- Heel
- Hip
- Knee
- Sole
- Thigh
- Toe
- Hallux
- Long
- Third
- Fourth
- Fifth
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General anatomy: systems and organs, regional anatomy, planes and lines, superficial axial anatomy, superficial anatomy of limbs
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Bones of lower limbs (TA A02.5.04–18, GA 2.242–277)
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Femur |
upper extremity
|
- head
- neck
- greater trochanter
- lesser trochanter
- intertrochanteric line
- intertrochanteric crest
- quadrate tubercle
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body
|
- linea aspera
- gluteal tuberosity / third trochanter
- pectineal line
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lower extremity
|
- adductor tubercle
- patellar surface
- epicondyles
- condyles
- intercondylar fossa
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Crus |
Tibia
|
upper extremity
|
- Gerdy's tubercle
- condyles
- intercondylar eminence
- lateral/medial intercondylar tubercle
- posterior/anterior intercondylar area
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body
|
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lower extremity
|
- medial malleolus
- fibular notch
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Fibula
|
- head
- body
- lateral malleolus
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Other
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Foot |
Tarsus
|
- calcaneus
- sustentaculum tali
- trochlear process
- talus
- navicular
- cuboid
- cuneiform
- medial
- intermediate
- lateral
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Metatarsus
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- 1st metatarsal
- 2nd
- 3rd
- 4th
- 5th
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Other
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phalanges of the foot
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anat (c/f/k/f, u, t/p, l)/phys/devp/cell
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noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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Joints and ligaments of lower limbs (TA A03.6, GA 3.333)
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Coxal/hip |
- femoral (iliofemoral
- pubofemoral
- ischiofemoral)
- head of femur
- transverse acetabular
- acetabular labrum
- capsule
- zona orbicularis
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Knee-joint |
Tibiofemoral
|
- Capsule
- Anterior meniscofemoral ligament
- Posterior meniscofemoral ligament>
- extracapsular: popliteal
- collateral
- medial/tibial
- fibular/lateral
- intracapsular: cruciate
- menisci
- transverse
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Patellofemoral
|
- Patellar ligament
- Infrapatellar fat pad
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Tibiofibular |
Superior tibiofibular
|
- anterior of the head of the fibula
- posterior of the head of the fibula
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Inferior tibiofibular
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- Anterior tibiofibular
- Posterior tibiofibular
- Interosseous membrane of leg
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Joints of foot |
Talocrural/ankle
|
- medial: medial of talocrural joint/deltoid
- anterior tibiotalar
- posterior tibiotalar
- tibiocalcaneal
- tibionavicular
- lateral: lateral collateral of ankle joint
- anterior talofibular
- posterior talofibular
- calcaneofibular
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Subtalar/talocalcaneal
|
- anterior/posterior
- lateral/medial
- interosseous
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Transverse tarsal
|
Talocalcaneonavicular
|
- dorsal talonavicular
- plantar calcaneonavicular/spring
- bifurcated (calcaneonavicular)
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Calcaneocuboid
|
- dorsal calcaneocuboid
- long plantar
- plantar calcaneocuboid
- bifurcated (calcaneocuboid)
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Distal intertarsal
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Cuneonavicular
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Cuboideonavicular
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Intercuneiform
|
- plantar
- dorsal
- interosseous
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Other
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Tarsometatarsal/Lisfranc
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Intermetatarsal/metatarsal
|
- plantar
- dorsal
- interosseous
- superficial transverse
- deep transverse
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Metatarsophalangeal
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Interphalangeal
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Arches
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noco (arth/defr/back/soft)/cong, sysi/epon, injr
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List of muscles of lower limbs (TA A04.7, GA 4.465)
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Iliac region
/ Iliopsoas |
psoas major/psoas minor · iliacus
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Buttocks |
gluteals: (maximus, medius, minimus) · tensor fasciae latae
lateral rotator group: quadratus femoris · inferior gemellus · obturator internus · superior gemellus · piriformis
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Thigh /
compartments |
Anterior
|
sartorius · quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis) · articularis genu
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Posterior/hamstring
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biceps femoris · semitendinosus · semimembranosus
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Medial
|
pectineus · obturator externus · gracilis · adductor (longus, brevis, magnus, minimus)
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Fascia
|
Femoral sheath (Femoral canal) · Femoral ring
Adductor canal · Adductor hiatus
fascia lata (Iliotibial tract, Lateral intermuscular septum of thigh, Medial intermuscular septum of thigh, Fascia cribrosa/Saphenous opening) · Muscular lacuna
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Leg/
Crus/
compartments |
Anterior
|
tibialis anterior · extensor hallucis longus · extensor digitorum longus · fibularis tertius
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Posterior
|
superficial · triceps surae (gastrocnemius, soleus, accessory soleus, Achilles tendon) · plantaris
deep · tarsal tunnel (flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior) · popliteus
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Lateral
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fibularis muscles (longus, brevis)
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Fascia
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Pes anserinus
crural fascia (Anterior crural intermuscular septum, Posterior crural intermuscular septum, Transverse intermuscular septum)
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Foot |
Dorsal
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extensor hallucis brevis · extensor digitorum brevis
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Plantar
|
1st layer (abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi) · 2nd layer (quadratus plantae, lumbrical muscle) · 3rd layer (flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis) · 4th layer (dorsal interossei, plantar interossei)
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Fascia
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Plantar fascia
retinacula (Fibular, Inferior extensor, Superior extensor, Flexor)
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anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist
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noco (m, s, c)/cong (d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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List of arteries of lower limbs / EIA (TA A12.2.16, GA 6.623)
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Inferior epigastric |
- cremasteric ♂ / round ligament ♀
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Deep circumflex iliac |
- ascending branch of deep circumflex iliac
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Femoral
(EIA after IL) |
In femoral canal
|
- superficial epigastric
- superficial circumflex iliac
- superficial external pudendal
- deep external pudendal (anterior scrotal ♂)
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Descending genicular
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- saphenous branch
- articular branches
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Profunda femoris
|
- medial circumflex femoral (ascending, superficial, deep, acetabular)
- lateral circumflex femoral (descending, transverse, ascending)
- perforating
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Popliteal
(FA after AH) |
Genicular
|
- superior genicular (medial, lateral)
- middle genicular
- inferior genicular (medial, lateral)
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Sural
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Anterior tibial
|
- tibial recurrent (posterior
- anterior)
- anterior malleolar (medial, lateral)
- dorsalis pedis: tarsal (medial, lateral)
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Posterior tibial
|
- circumflex fibular
- fibular
- medial plantar
- lateral plantar
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Arches
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- arcuate: dorsal metatarsal / first dorsal metatarsal
- deep plantar
- dorsal digital arteries
- plantar arch: plantar metatarsal
- common plantar digital
- proper plantar digital
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anat (a:h/u/t/a/l,v:h/u/t/a/l)/phys/devp/cell/prot
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noco/syva/cong/lyvd/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
|
proc, drug (C2s+n/3/4/5/7/8/9)
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Veins of lower limbs (TA A12.3.11, GA 7.669)
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thigh |
femoral · profunda femoris · popliteal
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deep leg |
fibular · anterior tibial · posterior tibial
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superficial leg |
small saphenous · great saphenous (external pudendal, superficial of penis ♂/clitoris ♀)
|
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foot |
dorsal arch · dorsal metatarsal · dorsal digital · plantar arch · plantar metatarsal · common digital · plantar digital
|
|
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anat (a:h/u/t/a/l,v:h/u/t/a/l)/phys/devp/cell/prot
|
noco/syva/cong/lyvd/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
|
proc, drug (C2s+n/3/4/5/7/8/9)
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Lymphatics of lower limbs (TA A13.3.05, GA 8.701)
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Inguinal |
- Deep inguinal (Cloquet's node)
- Superficial inguinal
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Other |
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anat (h, u, t, a, l)/phys/devp
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Nerves of lower limbs and lower torso: the lumbosacral plexus (L1–Co) (TA A14.2.05–07GA 9.948)
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lumbar
plexus
(L1–L4) |
iliohypogastric
|
- lateral cutaneous branch
- anterior cutaneous branch
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ilioinguinal
|
- anterior scrotal ♂/labial ♀
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genitofemoral
|
- femoral branch/lumboinguinal
- genital branch
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lateral cutaneous
of thigh
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obturator
|
- anterior (cutaneous)
- posterior
- accessory
|
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femoral
|
- anterior cutaneous branches
- saphenous (infrapatellar
- medial crural cutaneous)
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sacral
plexus
(L4–S4) |
sciatic
|
common
fibular
|
- lateral sural cutaneous (sural communicating branch)
- deep fibular (lateral terminal branch
- medial terminal branch
- dorsal digital)
- superficial fibular (medial dorsal cutaneous
- intermediate dorsal cutaneous
- dorsal digital)
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tibial
|
- medial sural cutaneous
- medial calcaneal
- medial plantar (common plantar digital nerves
- proper plantar digital)
- lateral plantar (deep branch
- superficial branch
- common plantar digital
- proper plantar digital)
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sural
|
- lateral dorsal cutaneous
- lateral calcaneal
|
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other
|
- muscular: superior gluteal/inferior gluteal
- lateral rotator group (to quadratus femoris
- to obturator internus
- to the piriformis)
cutaneous: posterior cutaneous of thigh (inferior cluneal
- perineal branches)
- perforating cutaneous
|
|
|
coccygeal
plexus
(S4–Co) |
- pudendal: inferior anal
- perineal (deep
- posterior scrotal ♂/labial ♀)
- dorsal of the penis ♂/clitoris ♀
anococcygeal
|
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- cutaneous innervation of the lower limbs
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anat (h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys (r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp
|
noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Sites, frequencies, and causes of self-reported fractures in 9,720 rheumatoid arthritis patients: a large prospective observational cohort study in Japan.
- Ochi K, Furuya T, Ikari K, Taniguchi A, Yamanaka H, Momohara S.SourceInstitute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan.
- Archives of osteoporosis.Arch Osteoporos.2013 Dec;8(1-2):130. doi: 10.1007/s11657-013-0130-7. Epub 2013 Mar 23.
- Sites, frequencies, and causes of self-reported fractures in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were evaluated in a prospective, observational cohort study. The incidence and cause of fracture differ by anatomical site, sex, and age. These differences may be considered in establishing
- PMID 23526031
- Effects of exercise in patients treated with stem cell transplantation for a hematologic malignancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Persoon S, Kersten MJ, van der Weiden K, Buffart LM, Nollet F, Brug J, Chinapaw MJ.SourceDepartment of Rehabilitation, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: s.persoon@amc.uva.nl.
- Cancer treatment reviews.Cancer Treat Rev.2013 Oct;39(6):682-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.01.001. Epub 2013 Feb 26.
- We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness of exercise interventions compared with usual care on physical fitness, fatigue and health-related quality of life in patients with hematologic malignancies treated with stem cell transplantation. Electronic databases we
- PMID 23485478
- Commentary on "a longitudinal evaluation of maturational effects on lower extremity strength in female adolescent athletes".
- Woodruff L, Yu S.SourceTichenor Orthopedic Clinic for Children Long Beach, California County of Los Angeles, California Children's Services El Monte, California.
- Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association.Pediatr Phys Ther.2013 Fall;25(3):277. doi: 10.1097/PEP.0b013e31829730ab.
- PMID 23797397
Japanese Journal
- Lower Limb Muscle Activation Patterns and Physiological Responses Obtained using Binding Pedals during Bicycle Exercise : The Differences in the Cycling Cadence, Cycling Time and Experience of the Subjects
- SATAKE Toshiyuki,KUME Masashi,YOSHIDA Tetsuya [他]
- Advances in exercise and sports physiology 21(1), 7-15, 2015-04
- NAID 40020463603
- 腹臥位での下肢空間保持が非空間保持側の僧帽筋下部線維の筋活動に与える影響 : 肩関節外転角度の変化に着目して
Related Links
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Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- leg
- lower extremity, lower limb, inferior limb
- 関
- 脚、下肢の筋
[★]
下肢
- 関
- lower extremity、lower limb
[★]
- (low比較級)より低い、下位の、下等な、低次の、低下させる、低減させる
- 関
- decline、decrease、depression、drop、fall、inferio、inferior、inferiorly、low level、lower dimension、lower level、lower order、lowering、reduction
[★]
- 関
- deficient、inadequate、insufficiency、insufficient、insufficiently、poorly、scanty
[★]
- 関
- decline、decrease、depression、drop、fall、lower、reduction
[★]
- 関
- extremities