WordNet

the condition of being comfortable or relieved (especially after being relieved of distress); "he enjoyed his relief from responsibility"; "getting it off his conscience gave him some ease" (同)ease
(law) redress awarded by a court; "was the relief supposed to be protection from future harm or compensation for past injury?"
sculpture consisting of shapes carved on a surface so as to stand out from the surrounding background (同)relievo, rilievo, embossment, sculptural relief
assistance in time of difficulty; "the contributions provided some relief for the victims" (同)succor, succour, ministration
aid for the aged or indigent or handicapped; "he has been on relief for many years"
the act of freeing a city or town that has been besieged; "he asked for troops for the relief of Atlanta"
the feeling that comes when something burdensome is removed or reduced; "as he heard the news he was suddenly flooded with relief" (同)alleviation, assuagement
cause emotional anguish or make miserable; "It pains me to see my children not being taught well in school" (同)anguish, hurt
a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder; "the patient developed severe pain and distension" (同)hurting
a bothersome annoying person; "that kid is a terrible pain" (同)pain in the neck, nuisance
a somatic sensation of acute discomfort; "as the intensity increased the sensation changed from tickle to pain" (同)pain_sensation, painful sensation
emotional distress; a fundamental feeling that people try to avoid; "the pain of loneliness" (同)painfulness
type genus of the family Cancridae (同)genus Cancer
the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 (同)Cancer the Crab, Crab
(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer (同)Crab
a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
the 23rd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)w, double-u

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉〈C〉(苦通・悩みなどの)『軽減』,除去《+『from』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(苦通・悩みなどから解放されて)ほっとすること,安心 / 〈C〉《単数形で》『ほっとさせるもの』,気味らし,慰み / 〈U〉(難民などへの)救済,救援[物資];(軍隊の)救援,援軍 / 〈U〉職務(任務)の交替;〈C〉《集合的に》交替者(班)
浮き彫り,レリーフ / 〈U〉(他との対照による)きわだち,鮮明さ
〈C〉〈U〉(肉体のある部分の)『苦痛』,『痛み』 / 〈U〉(精神的な)『苦痛』,心痛 / 《複数形で》骨折り,苦労,努力 / 〈C〉不快感,いやな感じ;うんざりさせるもの,やっかい者 / (肉体的・精神的に)…‘に'苦痛を与える(受動態にできない)
《疑問代名詞》『だれが』,どんな人が / 《関係代名詞》(先行詞は「人」) / 《制限用法》(…する,…した)『ところの』 / 《非制限用法》『そしてその人は(を)』,それは…する(した)人だが / 《古》《先行詞を含んで》…する人[はだれでも]
Watt / West; Western
wolfram(=tungsten)の原子記号

UpToDate Contents

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1. オピオイド系薬剤を用いた癌疼痛のマネージメント：至適鎮痛作用 cancer pain management with opioids optimizing analgesia
2. 癌疼痛の評価 assessment of cancer pain
3. 癌疼痛のマネージメント：アセトアミノフェンおよび非ステロイド性抗炎症剤の使用 cancer pain management use of acetaminophen and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
4. 癌疼痛のマネージメント：鎮痛補助剤（鎮痛剤） cancer pain management adjuvant analgesics coanalgesics
5. 癌疼痛のマネージメント：オピオイド系薬剤を使用している患者の一般原則および
リスクマネージメント cancer pain management general principles and risk management for patients receiving opioids

English Journal

Effect of intrathecal baclofen, botulinum toxin type A and a rehabilitation programme on locomotor function after spinal cord injury: a case report.

Santamato A, Panza F, Ranieri M, Amoruso MT, Amoruso L, Frisardi V, Solfrizzi V, Fiore P.SourceDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy. a.santamato@unifg.it
Journal of rehabilitation medicine : official journal of the UEMS European Board of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.J Rehabil Med.2010 Oct;42(9):891-4.
OBJECTIVE: A few studies have reported the use of botulinum toxin injections after spinal cord injury, as this is the gold standard to treat focal spasticity. We report such a case here.CASE REPORT: A 38-year-old woman who had become paraplegic and care-dependent secondary to cervico-thoracic intram
PMID 20878052

An evaluation of a morphine public health programme for cancer and AIDS pain relief in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Logie DE, Harding R.SourceCheviot View, Bowden, Melrose, UK. DeLogie@aol.com
BMC public health.BMC Public Health.2005 Aug 10;5:82.
BACKGROUND: Despite growing HIV and cancer prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa, and WHO advocacy for a public health approach to palliative care provision, opioid availability is severely limited. Uganda has achieved a morphine roll-out programme in partnership with the Ministry of Health. This study a
PMID 16092958

Monitoring women's experiences during three rounds of breast cancer screening: results from a longitudinal study.

Drossaert CH, Boer H, Seydel ER.SourceTwente Institute of Communication Research, Enschede, The Netherlands. c.h.c.drossaert@wmw.utwente.nl
Journal of medical screening.J Med Screen.2002;9(4):168-75.
OBJECTIVES: (a) To monitor experiences of women during three successive rounds of breast screening; (b) to examine the impact of previous experiences (obtained either immediately after the latest mammogram or shortly before the subsequent one) on reattendance; and (c) to examine which factors are as
PMID 12518007

Japanese Journal

緩和ケアに対する外科医の意識調査と教室での試み

戸倉夏木,杉浦龍太,寺本龍生
日本外科系連合学会誌 31(1), 43-47, 2006-02-28
NAID 10020335108

WHO Cancer pain relief programme について

武田文和
ペインクリニック 5, 335-342, 1984
NAID 50001908127

「WHO方式癌疼痛治療」

　　[★]

英: WHO method for relief of cancer pain
同: WHO式癌疼痛治療法 WHO Cancer Pain Relief Programme、WHO3段階除痛ラダー WHO three-stepanalgesic ladder、3段階ラダー

WHOの基本5原則

1. WHOのラダーに沿って
2. できるかぎり内服で、
3. 少量で始めて疼痛が消える量へと漸増し、
4. 定時投与とし、　　　　　←　頓用ではない
5. 必要に応じて鎮痛補助薬の併用も考慮

NSAIDs(アスピリン、イブプロフェン、インドメタシン)、アセトアミノフェン　±　鎮痛補助薬
弱オピオイド：コデイン、ジヒドロコデイン
強オピオイド：モルヒネ、オキシコドン、ブプレノルフィン、フェンタニル

薬剤群	代表薬	代替薬
非オピオイド鎮痛薬	アスピリン	コリン・マグネシウム・トリサルチレート）
	アセトアミノフェン	ジフルニサルa）
	イブプロフェン	ナプロキセン
	インドメタシン	ジクロフェナク
		フルルビプロフェン※1
弱オピオイド（軽度から中等度の強さの痛みに用いる）	コデイン	デキストロプロポキシフェンa）
		ジヒドロコデイン
		アヘン末
		トラマドールb）
強オピオイド（中等度から高度の強さの痛みに用いる）	モルヒネ	メサドンa）
		ヒドロモルフォンa）
		オキシコドン
		レボルファノールa）
		ペチジンc）
		ブプレノルフィンa）
		フェンタニル※2