WordNet

absence of a reflex; a sign of possible nerve damage
not exhibiting or characterized by careful thought (同)unthinking, unthoughtful
not capable of physical reflection (同)nonreflecting

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/11/20 03:16:17」(JST)

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Hyporeflexia is the condition of below normal or absent reflexes (areflexia). It can be tested for by using a reflex hammer. It is the opposite of a condition called hyperreflexia. Hyporeflexia is generally associated with a lower motor neuron deficit (at the alpha motor neurons from the spinal cord to muscle), whereas hyperreflexia is often attributed to upper motor neuron lesions (along the long motor tracts from the brain). The upper motor neurons are thought to be inhibitory of the reflex arc, which is formed by sensory neurons from intrafusal fibers of muscles, lower motor neurons (including alpha and gamma motor fibers) and appurtenant interneurons. Therefore, damage to lower motor neurons will subsequently lead to hyporeflexia and/or areflexia.

Note that in spinal shock, which is commonly seen in transection of the spinal cord (Spinal cord injury), areflexia can occur transiently below the level of the lesion and after a period of time become hyperreflexic. Furthermore cases of severe muscle atrophy or destruction could render the muscle too weak to show a reflex at all, which should not be confused with a neuronal cause.

Hyporeflexia may have other causes including hypothyroidism, electrolyte imbalance (including excess magnesium), drug induced (e.g. the symptoms of benzodiazepine intoxication include confusion, slurred speech, ataxia, drowsiness, dyspnea, and hyporeflexia).

Diseases associated with Hyporeflexia include

Guillan-Barré-Syndrome
Polyneuropathy (Achilles and plantar reflexes)
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome^[1]
Centronuclear myopathy

UpToDate Contents

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1. 末梢神経疾患および筋疾患の鑑別診断 differential diagnosis of peripheral nerve and muscle disease
2. 成人におけるギラン・バレー症候群の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of guillain barre syndrome in adults
3. 成人における小脳性運動失調の概要 overview of cerebellar ataxia in adults
4. 小児における後天性末梢性ニューロパチーの概要 overview of acquired peripheral neuropathies in children
5. 小児におけるギラン・バレー症候群の治療および予後 treatment and prognosis of guillain barre syndrome in children

English Journal

Dimensionality and Item-Difficulty Hierarchy of the Lower Extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment in Individuals With Subacute and Chronic Stroke.

Balasubramanian CK1, Li CY2, Bowden MG3, Duncan PW4, Kautz SA3, Velozo CA5.
Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.Arch Phys Med Rehabil.2016 Apr;97(4):582-589.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.12.012. Epub 2015 Dec 29.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dimensionality and item-difficulty hierarchy of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the lower extremity (FMA-LE).DESIGN: Secondary analyses of data pooled from 4 existing datasets: a phase III randomized controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of body weight support a
PMID 26740065

Flagging performance of the Sysmex XN2000 haematology analyser.

Schoorl M1, Schoorl M1, Chevallier M1, Elout J1, van Pelt J1.
International journal of laboratory hematology.Int J Lab Hematol.2016 Apr;38(2):160-6. doi: 10.1111/ijlh.12461. Epub 2016 Jan 30.
INTRODUCTION: With the introduction of the Sysmex XN haematology analyser, the white blood cell differentiation channel (WDF) and abnormal cell detection channel (WPC) have been added with algorithms for flagging blasts and abnormal or atypical lymphocytes.METHODS: In this study, 2011 samples were e
PMID 26825847

Looks can be deceiving: three cases of neurological diseases mimicking Guillain-Barrè syndrome.

Sciacca G1, Nicoletti A1, Fermo SL1, Mostile G1, Giliberto C1, Zappia M2.
Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology.Neurol Sci.2016 Apr;37(4):541-5. doi: 10.1007/s10072-015-2450-4. Epub 2015 Dec 26.
Guillain-Barrè syndrome (GBS) is an acute, paralyzing, inflammatory peripheral nerve disease, featured by monophasic disease course, symmetrical limb weakness and areflexia. Several pathologies can mimic the clinical presentation of GBS, making hard the differential diagnosis for patients complaini
PMID 26707616

Japanese Journal

Ophthalmoplegia and Flaccid Paraplegia in a Patient with Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Ishikawa Yuichi,Ikeda Ken,Murata Kiyoko,Hirayama Takehisa,Takazawa Takanori,Yanagihashi Masaru,Kano Osamu,Kawabe Kiyokazu,Takahashi Yukitoshi,Iwasaki Yasuo
Internal Medicine 52(24), 2811-2815, 2013
… Neurological examination showed mild consciousness disturbance and bilateral ophthalmoplegia on admission, flaccid paraplegia with leg areflexia on Day 4. …
NAID 130003383753

Multifocal Conduction Block in a Patient with Sarcoid Neuropathy: Successful Treatment with Intravenous Immunoglobulin

Kono Yu,Omoto Shusaku,Sengoku Renpei,Yaguchi Hiroshi,Sonoo Masahiro,Inoue Kiyoharu,Mochio Soichiro
Internal Medicine 52(9), 999-1002, 2013
… A 54-year-old-woman with sarcoidosis presented with progressive symmetric, predominantly distal weakness and sensory dysfunction with areflexia in all four limbs. …
NAID 130003366009

Miller Fisher Syndrome Associated with Influenza A Infection

Hara Makoto,Morita Akihiko,Ichihara Kazuaki,Kashima Yoji,Kamei Satoshi,Kuwahara Motoi,Kusunoki Susumu
Internal Medicine 51(18), 2621-2623, 2012
… Bilateral ophthalmoplegia, blepharoptosis, areflexia, and ataxic gait were noted. …
NAID 130002062393

「ビンクリスチン」

　　[★]

英: vincristine, VCR
同: 硫酸リューロクリスチン leurocristine sulfate
化: 硫酸ビンクリスチン vincristine sulfate　
商: ONCO-TCS、ONCOVIN、VINCASAR PFS、オンコビン oncovin
関

first aid step1 2006 p.84,310

特徴

ビンカアルカロイドの一つで、チューブリンに結合して微小管の重合(紡錘体の形成を含む)を阻害して細胞増殖を抑制する。　⇔ (パクリタキセルは微小管の脱重合を阻害)

構造

ビンカアルカロイド

作用機序

M-phase-specific alkaloids that bind to tubulin and block polymerization of microtubules so that mitotic spindle cannot form (first aid step1 2006 p.310)

適応

part of the MOPP (Oncovin [vincristine]) regimen for lymphoma, Wilms' tumor, choriocarcinoma(first aid step1 2006 p.310)
MAPP regimen for Hodgkin disease, ALL lymphoma, CNS tumer, sarcoma, Wilms tumor