initial state

• 初期状態、始状態

関

default

WordNet

1. fail to pay up (同)default on
2. act of failing to meet a financial obligation (同)nonpayment, nonremittal
3. loss due to not showing up; "he lost the game by default"
4. express in words; "He said that he wanted to marry her"; "tell me what is bothering you"; "state your opinion"; "state your name" (同)say, tell
5. a state of depression or agitation; "he was in such a state you just couldnt reason with him"
6. the way something is with respect to its main attributes; "the current state of knowledge"; "his state of health"; "in a weak financial state"
7. a politically organized body of people under a single government; "the state has elected a new president"; "African nations"; "students who had come to the nations capitol"; "the countrys largest manufacturer"; "an industrialized land" (同)nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body_politic
8. the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation; "his state is in the deep south" (同)province
9. the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state; "the state has lowered its income tax"
10. occurring at the beginning; "took the initial step toward reconciliation"
11. the first letter of a word (especially a persons name); "he refused to put the initials FRS after his name"
12. mark with ones initials

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (義務・債務などの)不履行,怠慢《+『on』(『against』)+『名』》;(法廷・試合場などへの)不出場・欠席 / (義務・債務などを)履行しない;(裁判・試合などに)出場しない《+『in』(『on』)+『名』》
2. 〈C〉(人・物事の)『状態』,ありさま,様子 / 〈C〉《a ~》《話》極度の緊張状態,異常な精神状態 / 〈U〉地位,階級,身分 / 〈C〉〈U〉《しばしばS-》『国家』,国,政府 / 〈C〉《時にS-》(アメリカ・オーストラリアなどの)『州』 / 《the States》《話》『米国』 / 〈U〉威厳;公式;堂々とした様子 / 国家の,国事に関する / 《しばしばS-》《米》州の,州立の / 公式の,儀式用の
3. …‘を'『はっきり述べる』,公式に申し立てる / 〈当局が〉…‘を'指定する,決める
4. 『最初の』;語頭にある / (語の)最初の文字 / 《複数形で》(姓名の)『かしら文字』,イニシアル / …‘に'かしら文字で署名する(印をつける)
5. 決まった,規定の;定期の / はっきり述べられた,明言された;公認された

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 小児における虚血性脳卒中：評価、初期マネージメント、および予後ischemic stroke in children evaluation initial management and prognosis [show details]
  … weight heparin (LMWH) or aspirin as initial therapy until dissection and embolic causes have been excluded . The American Heart Association Stroke Council guideline states that it may be reasonable to initiate …
• 2. 成人に生じる浮腫の病態生理と病因pathophysiology and etiology of edema in adults [show details]
  …a compensated state in which the initial fluid retention has increased venous return to the heart, thereby allowing systemic hemodynamics to be stabilized (at least in the resting state) and removing the …
• 3. 無症候性高尿酸血症asymptomatic hyperuricemia [show details]
  …conditions is less well-defined. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia was historically regarded as the initial state in the classically defined progression of gout, preceding the presentation of acute inflammatory …
• 4. 機械弁血栓や機械弁塞栓の診断diagnosis of mechanical prosthetic valve thrombosis or obstruction [show details]
  …compared with baseline, after exclusion of other causes such as a high-output state. We suggest the following approach if initial evaluation is suggestive of PVT and/or obstruction: Additional imaging of …
• 5. 潜在性毒素曝露を認める小児に対するアプローチapproach to the child with occult toxic exposure [show details]
  …temperature, pulse, blood pressure, and respiration); or mixed physiologic state. This initial characterization helps to direct initial stabilization efforts and provides a clue to the etiologic agent  . The …

English Journal

• Optimisation of soy flour fermentation parameters to produce β-glucosidase for bioconversion into aglycones.

• Handa CL1, Couto UR1, Vicensoti AH1, Georgetti SR2, Ida EI3.Author information 1Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.2Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.3Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address: elida@uel.br.AbstractThe solid state fermentation (SSF) parameters of defatted soybean flour (DSF) with Aspergillus oryzae IOC 3999/1998 or Monascus purpureus NRRL 1992 was evaluated using a rotational central composite experimental design to optimise the production of β-glucosidase and convert glycosidic isoflavones in aglycones. Variables investigated were initial pH of DSF, volume of water added to 10g of DSF and incubation temperature. β-Glucosidase activity was measured using the synthetic substrate, p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucoside. The content of isoflavones was determinate by ultra performance liquid chromatography. The highest production of β-glucosidase for both strains occurred when adding 10mL of water to the DSF, incubating at 30°C and using 6.0 as the initial DSF pH. A. oryzae IOC 3999/1998 expressed β-glucosidase activity at 10.7 times higher than M. purpureus NRRL 1992. The DSF fermentation was more efficient in converting isoflavones with M. purpureus NRRL 1992.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Jun 1;152:56-65. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.101. Epub 2013 Nov 27.
• The solid state fermentation (SSF) parameters of defatted soybean flour (DSF) with Aspergillus oryzae IOC 3999/1998 or Monascus purpureus NRRL 1992 was evaluated using a rotational central composite experimental design to optimise the production of β-glucosidase and convert glycosidic isoflavones i
• PMID 24444906

• Ultrasensitive electrochemical DNA sensor based on the target induced structural switching and surface-initiated enzymatic polymerization.

• Wan Y1, Wang P2, Su Y3, Zhu X4, Yang S5, Lu J6, Gao J6, Fan C7, Huang Q7.Author information 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.2School of Environmental and Biological and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.3School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China. Electronic address: suyan@njust.edu.cn.4School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China. Electronic address: zhuxinhua@mail.njust.edu.cn.5School of Environmental and Biological and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China. Electronic address: yshulin@mail.njust.edu.cn.6Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China.7Laboratory of Physical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.AbstractIn this work, two electrochemical DNA sensors was developed based on the target induced structural switching of stem-loop probe (SLP) and surface initiated enzymatic polymerization (SIEP). Both of the electrochemical DNA sensors employed SLPs with the same sequence. However, one had a thiol label at its 3' terminal (the probe was named 3-SLP and the sensor was named 3-SLP-SENS) and the other at its 5' terminal (the probe was named 5-SLP and the sensor was named 5-SLP-SENS). In the initial state of the sensors, both of the probes adopted the stem-loop structure, which shielded the unlabeled terminals of capture probes from being approached. When the loop regions of the capture probes hybridized with the target DNA the conformation of the SLPs was changed to a rigid double-strand, as a result, the 5-SLP released a 3'-OH terminal for SIEP which could be catalyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). And the 3-SLP released a 5' phosphate terminal which is not suit for SIEP. Thus a signal probe was employed to hybridize with the 5 terminal of 3-SLP and provide a 3'-OH. Both of the sensors were then submitted to the TdT-mediated SIEP. By using biotinylated 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate (biotin-dATP), biotin labels are incorporated into the SIEP-generated long single-stranded DNA. Then avidin-horseradish peroxidases (Av-HRPs) were employed for specific binding to the biotin labels to produce electrochemical signals. The detection performances of two electrochemical DNA sensors were investigated and compared. It was demonstrated that though the 3-SLP-SENS employed extra signal probes, the background current was lower leading to a better detection limit. By taking advantage of SLP and SIEP, this 3-SLP-SENS has been able to detect as low as 0.1pM DNA targets with excellent differentiation ability for even single mismatches.
• Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2014 May 15;55:231-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.11.077. Epub 2013 Dec 14.
• In this work, two electrochemical DNA sensors was developed based on the target induced structural switching of stem-loop probe (SLP) and surface initiated enzymatic polymerization (SIEP). Both of the electrochemical DNA sensors employed SLPs with the same sequence. However, one had a thiol label at
• PMID 24384265

• Treating PCDD/Fs by combined catalysis and activated carbon adsorption.

• Ji SS1, Ren Y2, Buekens A2, Chen T2, Lu SY2, Cen KF2, Li XD3.Author information 1State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. Electronic address: 11027050@zju.edu.cn.2State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.3State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. Electronic address: lixd@zju.edu.cn.AbstractV2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts are used to destroy dioxins present in the gas phase, yet both their removal efficiency (RE) and destruction efficiency (DE) decrease with rising initial concentration (IC). Therefore, activated carbons (AC-1: based on lignite; AC-2: based on coconut shell) were mixed with the catalyst to tackle these high IC gases. A gas phase dioxin-generating system was used to supply three different stable IC-values. When the highest IC is used (20.5ng I-TEQ Nm(-3)) without AC, at 200°C, the RE and DE-value of PCDD/Fs reaches only 76% and 64%, respectively. At the same conditions, using a mix of catalyst and AC-2, these RE and DE-values rise to 90.1% and 82.0%, respectively. The mix catalyst/AC also shows better performance at low temperature (160 and 180°C). The AC characteristics influence upon the adsorption and degradation abilities of the mixtures.
• Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2014 May;102:31-6. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.008. Epub 2013 Dec 26.
• V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts are used to destroy dioxins present in the gas phase, yet both their removal efficiency (RE) and destruction efficiency (DE) decrease with rising initial concentration (IC). Therefore, activated carbons (AC-1: based on lignite; AC-2: based on coconut shell) were mixed with th
• PMID 24374190

Japanese Journal

• Quantum quench and scaling of entanglement entropy

• Physics Letters B 772, 53-57, 2017-09-10
• NAID 120006325123

• Searches for transverse momentum dependent flow vector fluctuations in Pb-Pb and p-Pb collisions at the LHC

• Journal of high energy physics 2017(9), 32, 2017-09
• NAID 120006352541

• Electric field and aging effects of uniaxial ferroelectrics Sr x Ba1−x Nb2O6 probed by Brillouin scattering

• Scientific Reports 7, 11615, 2017-09
• NAID 120006349387

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「default」「初期状態」「始状態」
関連記事	「state」「initial」

「default」

　　[★]

初期状態の、初期設定の、デフォルトの、(あまり用例はない)不履行、棄権、欠席

関

absent、initial state、noncompliance

　 　 　 　

「初期状態」

　　[★]

英

initial state、default

関

始状態、不履行、棄権、欠席、初期設定、デフォルト

「始状態」

　　[★]

英

initial state

関

初期状態

「state」

　　[★]

• n.

• 状態、状況、州

• v.

• 述べる、言う

関

aspect、circumstance、circumstantial、condition、context、describe、mention、note、position、province、say、situation、situational、speak、status、tell

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「initial」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 初期の、最初の、初回の、初発性の

関

archaic、beginning、early、early stage、early-stage、incipient、initially、original、originally