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curved rodlike motile bacterium (同)vibrion

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/03/31 20:18:04」(JST)

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Vibrio is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, possessing a curved-rod shape (comma shape),^[1]^[2]^[3] several species of which can cause foodborne infection, usually associated with eating undercooked seafood. Typically found in salt water, Vibrio species are facultative anaerobes that test positive for oxidase and do not form spores.^[4] All members of the genus are motile and have polar flagella with sheaths. Vibrio species typically possess two chromosomes, which is unusual for bacteria.^[5]^[6] Each chromosome has a distinct and independent origin of replication,^[7] and are conserved together over time in the genus.^[8] Recent phylogenies have been constructed based on a suite of genes (multilocus sequence analysis).^[1]

O. F. Müller (1773, 1786) described eight species of the genus Vibrio (included in Infusoria), three of which were spirilliforms.^[9] Some of the other species are today assigned to eukaryote taxa, e.g., to the euglenoid Peranema or to the diatom Bacillaria. However, Vibrio Müller, 1773 became regarded as the name of a zoological genus, and the name of the bacterial genus became Vibrio Pacini, 1854.^[10] Filippo Pacini isolated micro-organisms he called "vibrions" from cholera patients in 1854, because of their motility.^[11]

Pathogenic strains

Several species of Vibrio are pathogens.^[12] Most disease-causing strains are associated with gastroenteritis, but can also infect open wounds and cause septicemia. They can be carried by numerous marine animals, such as crabs or prawns, and have been known to cause fatal infections in humans during exposure. Pathogenic Vibrio species include V. cholerae (the causative agent of cholera), V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus. V. cholerae is generally transmitted by contaminated water.^[3] Pathogenic Vibrio species can cause foodborne illness (infection), usually associated with eating undercooked seafood. The pathogenic features can be linked to quorum sensing where bacteria are able to express their virulence factor via their signalling molecules.^[13]

V. vulnificus outbreaks commonly occur in warm climates and small, generally lethal, outbreaks occur regularly. An outbreak occurred in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina,^[14] and several lethal cases occur most years in Florida.^[15] As of 2013 in the United States, Vibrio infections as a whole were up 43% when compared with the rates observed in 2006-2008. V. vulnificus, the most severe strain, has not increased. Foodborne Vibrio infections are most often associated with eating raw shellfish.^[16]

V. parahaemolyticus is also associated with the Kanagawa phenomenon, in which strains isolated from human hosts (clinical isolates) are hemolytic on blood agar plates, while those isolated from nonhuman sources are not hemolytic.^[17]

Many Vibrio species are also zoonotic. They cause disease in fish and shellfish, and are common causes of mortality among domestic marine life.

Treatment

Medical care depends on the clinical presentation and the presence of underlying medical conditions.

Vibrio gastroenteritis

Because Vibrio gastroenteritis is self-limited in most patients, no specific medical therapy is required. Patients who cannot tolerate oral fluid replacement may require intravenous fluid therapy.

Although most Vibrio species are sensitive to antibiotics such as doxycycline or quinolones, antibiotic therapy does not shorten the course of the illness or the duration of pathogen excretion. However, if the patient is ill and has a high fever or an underlying medical condition, oral antibiotic therapy with doxycycline or quinolone can be initiated.

Noncholera Vibrio infections

Patients with noncholera Vibrio wound infection or septicemia are much more ill and frequently have other medical conditions. Medical therapy consists of:

Prompt initiation of effective antibiotic therapy (doxycycline or a quinolone)
Intensive medical therapy with aggressive fluid replacement and vasopressors for hypotension and septic shock to correct acid-base and electrolytes abnormalities that may be associated with severe sepsis
Early fasciotomy within 24 hours after development of clinical symptoms can be life-saving in patients with necrotizing fasciitis.
Early debridement of the infected wound has an important role in successful therapy and is especially indicated to avoid amputation of fingers, toes, or limbs.
Expeditious and serial surgical evaluation and intervention are required because patients may deteriorate rapidly, especially those with necrotizing fasciitis or compartment syndrome.
Reconstructive surgery, such as skin grafts, are used in the recovery phase.

Other strains

V. harveyi is a pathogen of several aquatic animals, and is notable as a cause of luminous vibriosis in shrimp (prawns)^[18]

Flagella

The "typical", early-discovered Vibrio species, such as V. cholerae, have a single polar flagellum (monotrichous) with sheath. Some species, such as V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus, have both a single polar flagellum with sheath and thin flagella projecting in all directions (peritrichous), and the other species, such as V. fischeri, have tufts of polar flagella with sheath (lophotrichous).^[19]

References

^ ^a ^b Thompson FL, Gevers D, Thompson CC, Dawyndt P, Naser S, Hoste B, Munn CB, Swings J (2005). "Phylogeny and Molecular Identification of Vibrios on the Basis of Multilocus Sequence Analysis". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 71 (9): 5107–5115. doi:10.1128/AEM.71.9.5107-5115.2005. PMC 1214639. PMID 16151093.
^ Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
^ ^a ^b Faruque SM; Nair GB (editors). (2008). Vibrio cholerae: Genomics and Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-33-2.
^ Madigan, Michael; Martinko, John (editors) (2005). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (11th ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-144329-1.
^ Trucksis, Michele; Michalski, Jane; Deng, Ying Kang; Kaper, James B. (1998-11-24). "The Vibrio cholerae genome contains two unique circular chromosomes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 95 (24): 14464–14469. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.24.14464. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 24396. PMID 9826723.
^ Okada, Kazuhisa; Iida, Tetsuya; Kita-Tsukamoto, Kumiko; Honda, Takeshi (2005-01-15). "Vibrios Commonly Possess Two Chromosomes". Journal of Bacteriology. 187 (2): 752–757. doi:10.1128/JB.187.2.752-757.2005. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 543535. PMID 15629946.
^ Rasmussen, Tue; Jensen, Rasmus Bugge; Skovgaard, Ole (2007-07-11). "The two chromosomes of Vibrio cholerae are initiated at different time points in the cell cycle". The EMBO Journal. 26 (13): 3124–3131. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601747. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 1914095. PMID 17557077.
^ Kirkup, Benjamin C.; Chang, LeeAnn; Chang, Sarah; Gevers, Dirk; Polz, Martin F. (2010-01-01). "Vibrio chromosomes share common history". BMC Microbiology. 10: 137. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-10-137. ISSN 1471-2180. PMC 2875227. PMID 20459749.
^ Pot, B., Gillis, M., and De Ley, J., The genus Aquaspirillum. In: Balows, A., Trüper, H.G., Dworkin, M., Harder, W., Schleifer, K.-H. (Eds.). The prokaryotes, 2nd ed, vol. 3. Springer-Verlag. New York. 1991
^ Hugh, R. (1964). The proposed conservation of the generic name Vibrio Pacini 1854 and designation of the neotype strain of Vibrio cholerae Pacini 1854. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 14(2), 87-101, [1]^{[permanent dead link]}.
^ http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2605.html
^ C.Michael Hogan. 2010. Bacteria. Encyclopedia of Earth. eds. Sidney Draggan and C.J.Cleveland, National Council for Science and the Environment, Washington DC Archived May 11, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Tan, Wen-Si; Muhamad Yunos, Nina Yusrina; Tan, Pui-Wan; Mohamad, Nur Izzati; Adrian, Tan-Guan-Sheng; Yin, Wai-Fong; Chan, Kok-Gan (8 July 2014). "Characterisation of a Marine Bacterium Vibrio Brasiliensis T33 Producing N-acyl Homoserine Lactone Quorum Sensing Molecules". Sensors. 14 (7): 12104–12113. doi:10.3390/s140712104.
^ Jablecki J, Norton SA, Keller GR, DeGraw C, Ratard R, Straif-Bourgeois S, Holcombe JM, Quilter S, Byers P, McNeill M, Schlossberg D, Dohony DP, Neville J, Carlo J, Buhner D, Smith BR, Wallace C, Jernigan D, Sobel J, Reynolds M, Moore M, Kuehnert M, Mott J, Jamieson D, Burns-Grant G, Misselbeck T, Cruise PE, LoBue P, Holtz T, Haddad M, Clark TA, Cohen A, Sunenshine R, Jhung M, Vranken P, Lewis FM, Carpenter LR (2005). "Infectious Disease and Dermatologic Conditions in Evacuees and Rescue Workers After Hurricane Katrina - Multiple States, August–September, 2005". Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report. 54: 1–4.
^ Bureau of Community Environmental Health, Division of Environmental Health, Florida Department of Health (2005). "Annual Report, Florida". Food and Waterborne Illness Surveillance and Investigation: 21.
^ "Infections from some foodborne germs increased, while others remained unchanged in 2012". Centers for Disease Control. April 18, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
^ Joseph S, Colwell R, Kaper J (1982). "Vibrio parahaemolyticus and related halophilic Vibrios". Crit Rev Microbiol. 10 (1): 77–124. doi:10.3109/10408418209113506. PMID 6756788.
^ Austin B & Zhang XH (2006). "Vibrio harveyi: a significant pathogen of marine vertebrates and invertebrates". Letters in Applied Microbiology. 43 (2): 119–214. doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.01989.x. PMID 16869892.
^ George M. Garrity (editor) (2005). Bergey's manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Vol. 2 Part B (2nd ed.). Springer. pp. 496–8. ISBN 0-387-24144-2.

External links

Vibrio genomes and related information at PATRIC, a Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by NIAID
Bacteriological Analytical Manual Online
Association of Vibrio Biologist

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. ビブリオ・バルニフィカス感染症 vibrio vulnificus infections
2. 腸炎ビブリオ感染症 vibrio parahaemolyticus infections
3. ヒトの疾患に関連する頻度が低いビブリオ属およびビブリオ属類似菌 minor vibrio and vibrio like species associated with human disease
4. 非O1/O139ビブリオコレラによる感染症 infections due to non o1 o139 vibrio cholerae
5. 水曝露後の軟部組織感染 soft tissue infections following water exposure

English Journal

Biocompatible nanostructured magnesium oxide-chitosan platform for genosensing application.

Patel MK, Ali MA, Zafaryab M, Agrawal VV, Rizvi MM, Ansari ZA, Ansari SG, Malhotra BD.SourceDepartment of Science and Technology Centre on Biomolecular Electronics, Biomedical Instrumentation Section, National Physical Laboratory (CSIR), Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2013 Jul 15;45:181-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.12.055. Epub 2013 Jan 29.
A novel organic-inorganic platform comprising of chitosan (CH) modified nanostructured magnesium oxide (nanoMgO) has been electrophoretically deposited on the indium-tin-oxide (ITO) substrate. The single stranded probe DNA (ssDNA) sequence of Vibrio cholerae has been covalently functionalized onto C
PMID 23500361

Construction of an inducible cell-communication system that amplifies Salmonella gene expression in tumor tissue.

Dai Y, Toley BJ, Swofford CA, Forbes NS.SourceDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9303; telephone: 413-577-0132; fax: 413-545-1647.
Biotechnology and bioengineering.Biotechnol Bioeng.2013 Jun;110(6):1769-81. doi: 10.1002/bit.24816. Epub 2013 Jan 17.
Bacterial therapies have the potential to overcome resistances that cause chemotherapies to fail. When using bacteria to produce anticancer agents in tumors, triggering gene expression is necessary to prevent systemic toxicity. The use of chemical triggers, however, is hampered by poor delivery of i
PMID 23280328

The Pathogen-annotated Tracking Resource Network (PATRN) system: A web-based resource to aid food safety, regulatory science, and investigations of foodborne pathogens and disease.

Gopinath G, Hari K, Jain R, Mammel MK, Kothary MH, Franco AA, Grim CJ, Jarvis KG, Sathyamoorthy V, Hu L, Datta AR, Patel IR, Jackson SA, Gangiredla J, Kotewicz ML, Leclerc JE, Wekell M, McCardell BA, Solomotis MD, Tall BD.SourceCFSAN, FDA, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
Food microbiology.Food Microbiol.2013 Jun;34(2):303-18. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.01.001. Epub 2013 Jan 23.
Investigation of foodborne diseases requires the capture and analysis of time-sensitive information on microbial pathogens that is derived from multiple analytical methods and sources. The web-based Pathogen-annotated Tracking Resource Network (PATRN) system (www.patrn.net) was developed to address
PMID 23541197

Japanese Journal

Proteomic profiling of integral membrane proteins associated to pathogenicity in Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains

Microbiology and immunology 62(1), 14-23, 2018-01
NAID 40021443626

Epidemiology and Antibiogram Profile of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> Isolates between 2004–2013 from Odisha, India

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 71(2), 99-103, 2018
NAID 130006517083

鉄の生物無機化学

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 138(3), 373-387, 2018
NAID 130006410637

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「細菌の鑑別」「ビブリオ属」「Vibrionaceae」
拡張検索	「敗血症型Vibrio vulnificus感染症」「Vibrio vulnificus感染症」「Vibrio vulnificus septicemia」

「細菌の鑑別」

Vibrio
	Flagellar strain of V. cholerae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Vibrionales
Family:	Vibrionaceae
Genus:	Vibrio; Pacini 1854
Type species
	Vibrio cholerae;
Species
	V. adaptatus; V. aerogenes; V. aestivus; V. aestuarianus; V. agarivorans; V. albensis; V. alfacsensis; V. alginolyticus; V. anguillarum; V. areninigrae; V. artabrorum; V. atlanticus; V. atypicus; V. azureus; V. brasiliensis; V. bubulus; V. calviensis; V. campbellii; V. casei; V. chagasii; V. cholerae; V. cincinnatiensis; V. coralliilyticus; V. crassostreae; V. cyclitrophicus; V. diabolicus; V. diazotrophicus; V. ezurae; V. fluvialis; V. fortis; V. furnissii; V. gallicus; V. gazogenes; V. gigantis; V. halioticoli; V. harveyi; V. hepatarius; V. hippocampi; V. hispanicus; V. ichthyoenteri; V. indicus; V. kanaloae; V. lentus; V. litoralis; V. logei; V. mediterranei; V. metschnikovii; V. mimicus; V. mytili; V. natriegens; V. navarrensis; V. neonatus; V. neptunius; V. nereis; V. nigripulchritudo; V. ordalii; V. orientalis; V. pacinii; V. parahaemolyticus; V. pectenicida; V. penaeicida; V. pomeroyi; V. ponticus; V. proteolyticus; V. rotiferianus; V. ruber; V. rumoiensis; V. salmonicida; V. scophthalmi; V. splendidus; V. superstes; V. tapetis; V. tasmaniensis; V. tubiashii; V. vulnificus; V. wodanis; V. xuii; Moved:; V. fischeri to Aliivibrio fischeri; V. hollisae to Grimontia hollisae

　　[★]

関: 細菌

グラム陽性菌の鑑別 LAB.994

菌種	形態	抗酸性	芽胞	運動性	空気中での発育	嫌気条件下での発育	カタラーゼ	オキシダーゼ	ブドウ糖分解	OF試験
Micrococcus	C	－	－	－	＋	－	＋	－	D	O/－
Staphylococcus	C	－	－	－	＋	＋	＋	－	＋	F
Aerococcus	C	－	－	－	＋	W	W/－	－	＋	F
Streptococcus	C	－	－	＋/－	＋	＋	－	－	＋	F
Pediococcus	C.	－	－	－	＋	＋	－	－	＋	F
Gemella	C.	－	－	－	＋	＋	－	－	＋	F
嫌気性球菌*1	C	－	－	－	－	＋	－	－	＋/－	F/－
Kurthia	R	－	－	＋	＋	＋	＋	－	－	－
Corynebacterium	R	－	－	－	＋	＋	＋	－	＋/－	F/－
Listeria	R	－	－	＋	＋	＋	＋	－	＋	F
Erysipelothnx	R		－	－	＋	＋			＋	F
Lactobacillus
Arachnia*2
Rothia	R	－	－	－	＋	－	＋	●	＋	F
Propiombacterium	R	－	－	－	－	＋	＋	.	＋	F
Achnomyces	R	－	－	－	－	＋	－	●	＋	F
Bifidobacterium
Eubacterium	R	－	－	－	－	＋	－	.	＋/－	F/－
Clostridium	R	－	<＋>	D	－	＋	－	●	D	F/－
Bacillus	R	－	<＋>	D	＋	D	＋	d	D	F/O/－
Nocardia	R	W	－	－	＋	－	＋	－	＋	O
Mycobacterium	R	＋	－	－	＋	.	＋	－	＋	O/NT
1:Peptococcus, Peptostreptococus(あるいは Leuconostoc) 2:あるいはActinomyces odontolyticus D:その属の菌種によって反応が異なる。　d: 菌種によって反応が異なる。 F:発酵 O:酸化 W:弱反応・:不明 NT:テストできない <＋>:芽胞非形成筋もある C:球菌 R:桿菌

グラム陰性菌の鑑別 LAB.995

(再編集の時に－*に注意)

菌種	形態	運動性	空気中での発育	嫌気条件下での発育	カタラーゼ	オキシダーゼ	ブドウ糖(酸)	OF試験
Bacteroides	R	－	－	＋	d	－	D	F/－
Veillonella	C	－	－	＋	D	・	－	－
Neissena	C	－	＋	－	＋	＋	＋	O
Branhamella	C	－	＋	－	＋	＋	－	－
Acinetobacter	C/R	－	＋	－	＋	－	＋	O
Moraxella	R	－	＋		＋	＋	－
Brucella
Bordetella
Chromobacterium lividum	R	＋	＋	－	＋	＋	＋	O
Alcahsenes	R	＋	＋	－	＋	＋	－	－
Flavobacterium	R	－	＋	－	＋	＋	＋	O
Pseudomonas	R	＋	＋	＋	＋	＋	＋	O
Actinobacillus	R	－	＋	＋	＋	＋	＋	F
Pasteurella
Necromonas
Cardiobacterium	R	－	＋	＋	－	＋	＋	F
Chromobacterium violaceum
Beneckea	R	＋	＋	＋	＋	＋	＋	F
Vibrio
Plesiomonas
Aeromonas
腸内細菌	R	D	＋	＋	＋	－	＋	F
Haemophilus	R	－	＋	＋	D	－	D	NT
Eikenella	R	－	－*	＋	－	＋	－	－
Campylobacter	R	＋	－+1	－	D	＋	－	－
Streptobacillus+2	R	－	＋	＋	－	－	＋	F
マイコプラズマ	R	－	＋	＋	－	－	＋	F
1:Peptococcus, Peptostreptococus(あるいは Leuconostoc) 2:あるいはActinomyces odontolyticus D:その属の菌種によって反応が異なる。　d: 菌種によって反応が異なる。 F:発酵 O:酸化 W:弱反応・:不明 NT:テストできない <＋>:芽胞非形成筋もある C:球菌 R:桿菌・: 不明 *: 空気中では発育せず。空気CO2で発育。+1: 好気的または嫌気的には発育せず。5-6%O2中で発育。+2: あるいはShigella dysenteriae 1

「ビブリオ属」

　　[★]

英: vibrio
ラ: Vibrio
同: ビブリオ属、Vibrio属

通性嫌気性
グラム陰性桿菌

ビブリオ属

Vibrio cholerae コレラ菌：コレラ
Vibrio parahaemolyticus 腸炎ビブリオ：腸炎ビブリオ感染症
Vibrio vulnificus：人食いバクテリア症

「Vibrionaceae」

　　[★]

ビブリオ科

ブリオ科

関: Vibrio

「敗血症型Vibrio vulnificus感染症」

　　[★]

英: Vibrio vulnificus septicemia
関: Vibrio vulnificus、Vibrio vulnificus感染症

「Vibrio vulnificus感染症」

　　[★]

英: Vibrio vulnificus infection
関: Vibrio vulnificus

「Vibrio vulnificus septicemia」

　　[★] 敗血症型Vibrio vulnificus感染症

[Thompson2-1] Thompson FL, Gevers D, Thompson CC, Dawyndt P, Naser S, Hoste B, Munn CB, Swings J (2005). "Phylogeny and Molecular Identification of Vibrios on the Basis of Multilocus Sequence Analysis". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 71 (9): 5107–5115. doi:10.1128/AEM.71.9.5107-5115.2005. PMC 1214639. PMID 16151093.

[Sherris-2] Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.

[FaruqueNair-3] Faruque SM; Nair GB (editors). (2008). Vibrio cholerae: Genomics and Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-33-2.

[Brock-4] Madigan, Michael; Martinko, John (editors) (2005). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (11th ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-144329-1.

[5] Trucksis, Michele; Michalski, Jane; Deng, Ying Kang; Kaper, James B. (1998-11-24). "The Vibrio cholerae genome contains two unique circular chromosomes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 95 (24): 14464–14469. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.24.14464. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 24396. PMID 9826723.

[6] Okada, Kazuhisa; Iida, Tetsuya; Kita-Tsukamoto, Kumiko; Honda, Takeshi (2005-01-15). "Vibrios Commonly Possess Two Chromosomes". Journal of Bacteriology. 187 (2): 752–757. doi:10.1128/JB.187.2.752-757.2005. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 543535. PMID 15629946.

[7] Rasmussen, Tue; Jensen, Rasmus Bugge; Skovgaard, Ole (2007-07-11). "The two chromosomes of Vibrio cholerae are initiated at different time points in the cell cycle". The EMBO Journal. 26 (13): 3124–3131. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601747. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 1914095. PMID 17557077.

[8] Kirkup, Benjamin C.; Chang, LeeAnn; Chang, Sarah; Gevers, Dirk; Polz, Martin F. (2010-01-01). "Vibrio chromosomes share common history". BMC Microbiology. 10: 137. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-10-137. ISSN 1471-2180. PMC 2875227. PMID 20459749.

[9] Pot, B., Gillis, M., and De Ley, J., The genus Aquaspirillum. In: Balows, A., Trüper, H.G., Dworkin, M., Harder, W., Schleifer, K.-H. (Eds.). The prokaryotes, 2nd ed, vol. 3. Springer-Verlag. New York. 1991

[10] Hugh, R. (1964). The proposed conservation of the generic name Vibrio Pacini 1854 and designation of the neotype strain of Vibrio cholerae Pacini 1854. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 14(2), 87-101, [1]^{[permanent dead link]}.

[AUTOREF-11] ttp://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2605.html

[12] C.Michael Hogan. 2010. Bacteria. Encyclopedia of Earth. eds. Sidney Draggan and C.J.Cleveland, National Council for Science and the Environment, Washington DC Archived May 11, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.

[13] Tan, Wen-Si; Muhamad Yunos, Nina Yusrina; Tan, Pui-Wan; Mohamad, Nur Izzati; Adrian, Tan-Guan-Sheng; Yin, Wai-Fong; Chan, Kok-Gan (8 July 2014). "Characterisation of a Marine Bacterium Vibrio Brasiliensis T33 Producing N-acyl Homoserine Lactone Quorum Sensing Molecules". Sensors. 14 (7): 12104–12113. doi:10.3390/s140712104.

[Jablecki_2005-14] Jablecki J, Norton SA, Keller GR, DeGraw C, Ratard R, Straif-Bourgeois S, Holcombe JM, Quilter S, Byers P, McNeill M, Schlossberg D, Dohony DP, Neville J, Carlo J, Buhner D, Smith BR, Wallace C, Jernigan D, Sobel J, Reynolds M, Moore M, Kuehnert M, Mott J, Jamieson D, Burns-Grant G, Misselbeck T, Cruise PE, LoBue P, Holtz T, Haddad M, Clark TA, Cohen A, Sunenshine R, Jhung M, Vranken P, Lewis FM, Carpenter LR (2005). "Infectious Disease and Dermatologic Conditions in Evacuees and Rescue Workers After Hurricane Katrina - Multiple States, August–September, 2005". Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report. 54: 1–4.

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