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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/01/03 08:41:22」(JST)
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- For the settlement in Algeria, see M'Lili.
| Gemella | 
| Scientific classification | 
| Kingdom: | Bacteria | 
| Phylum: | Firmicutes | 
| Class: | Cocci | 
| Order: | Coccus | 
| Family: | Streptococcaceae | 
| Genus: | Gemella Berger 1960
 | 
| Species[1] | 
| G. bergeriG. cuniculi
 G. haemolysans
 G. morbillorum
 G. palaticanis
 G. sanguinis
 | 
 
Gemella is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria that thrive best at high partial pressure of CO2.
Description[edit]
They are faculatively anaerobic and give negative reactions to both oxidase and catalase tests. They are obligately fermentative, producing either a mixture of acetic and lactic acids or an equimolar molar mixture of acetic acid and CO2. For example, G. haemolysans ferments glucose forming a mixture of acetic and lactic acids in the absence of oxygen, whereas when oxygen is present, it forms acetic acid and CO2.[2]
Clinical importance[edit]
Gemella bacteria are primarily found in the mucous membranes of humans and other animals, particularly in the oral cavity and upper digestive tract. Gemella haemolysans has been found to be involved in pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis patients.
References[edit]
- ^ Euzéby, J. P. "List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature". Retrieved 2008-12-16. 
- ^ Stackebrandt, E., B. Wittek, E. Seewaldt, and K. H. Schleifer (1982). "Physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic studies on Gemella haemolysans". FEMS Microbiology Letters 13 (4): 361–365. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1982.tb08288.x. 
 
| 
| Prokaryotes: Bacteria classification (phyla and orders) |  
|  |  
| 
Domain: Archaea – Bacteria – Eukaryota |  
|  |  
| G-/ OM
 | 
| Terra-/ Glidobacteria
 
(BV1) | 
| Eobacteria | 
Deinococcus-Thermus
Chloroflexi
AnaerolinealesCaldilinealesChloroflexalesHerpetosiphonalesDehalococcoidalesKtedonobacteralesThermogemmatisporalesThermomicrobialesSphaerobacterales |  
|  |  
| other glidobacteria | 
Thermodesulfobacteriathermophiles
Cyanobacteria |  |  
|  |  
| Proteobacteria(BV2)
 | 
| Alpha | 
CaulobacteralesKiloniellalesKordiimonadalesMagnetococcalesParvularculalesRhizobialesRhodobacteralesRhodospirillalesRickettsialesSneathiellalesSphingomonadales |  
|  |  
| Beta | 
BurkholderialesHydrogenophilalesMethylophilalesNeisserialesNitrosomonadalesProcabacterialesRhodocyclales |  
|  |  
| Gamma | 
AcidithiobacillalesAeromonadalesAlteromonadalesCardiobacterialesChromatialesEnterobacterialesLegionellalesMethylococcalesOceanospirillalesOrbalesPasteurellalesPseudomonadalesSalinisphaeralesThiotrichalesVibrionalesXanthomonadales |  
|  |  
| Delta | 
BdellovibrionalesDesulfarculalesDesulfobacteralesDesulfovibrionalesDesulfurellalesDesulfuromonadalesMyxococcalesSyntrophobacteralesSyntrophorhabdales |  
|  |  
| Epsilon | 
CampylobacteralesNautiliales |  
|  |  
| Zeta |  |  |  
|  |  
| BV4 | 
| Spirochaetes |  |  
|  |  
| Sphingobacteria(FCB group)
 | 
FibrobacteresChlorobi
ChlorobialesIgnavibacterialesBacteroidetes
BacteroidalesCytophagalesFlavobacterialesSphingobacteriales |  
|  |  
| Planctobacteria/(PVC group)
 | 
ChlamydiaeLentisphaerae
LentisphaeralesOligosphaeralesVictivallalesPlanctomycetes
PhycisphaeralesPlanctomycetalesVerrucomicrobia
PuniceicoccalesOpitutalesChthoniobacteralesVerrucomicrobiales"Poribacteria" |  
|  |  
| Other GN | 
Acidobacteria
AcidobacterialesAcanthopleuribacteralesHolophagalesSolibacteralesArmatimonadetes
ArmatimonadalesChthonomonadalesFimbriimonadalesCaldisericaChrysiogenetesDeferribacteresDictyoglomiElusimicrobiaFusobacteriaGemmatimonadetesNitrospiraeSynergistetes |  |  |  
|  |  
| G+/ no OM
 | 
| Firmicutes(BV3)
 | 
| Bacilli | 
BacillalesLactobacillales |  
|  |  
| Clostridia | 
ClostridialesHalanaerobialesThermoanaerobacteralesNatranaerobiales |  
|  |  
| Erysipelotrichi |  |  
|  |  
| Thermolithobacteria |  |  
|  |  
| Tenericutes/Mollicutes
 | 
MycoplasmatalesEntomoplasmatalesAnaeroplasmatalesAcholeplasmatalesHaloplasmatales |  
|  |  
| Negativicutes |  |  |  
|  |  
| Actinobacteria(BV5)
 | 
| Actinomycetidae | 
ActinomycetalesBifidobacteriales |  
|  |  
| Acidimicrobiidae |  |  
|  |  
| Coriobacteriidae |  |  
|  |  
| Nitriliruptoridae | 
EuzebyalesNitriliruptorales |  
|  |  
| Rubrobacteridae | 
GaiellalesRubrobacteralesThermoleophilalesSolirubrobacterales |  |  |  
|  |  
| 
| 
|  |  | 
gr+f/gr+a (t)/gr-p (c)/gr-o | 
drug (J1p, w, n, m, vacc) |  |  |  | 
 
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection due to Gemella haemolysans.
- Lo WB, Patel M, Solanki GA, Walsh AR.SourceDepartments of Neurosurgery and.
- Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics.J Neurosurg Pediatr.2013 Feb;11(2):205-9. doi: 10.3171/2012.10.PEDS12318. Epub  2012 Nov 30.
- Gemella haemolysans has long been considered a commensal in the human upper respiratory tract. Commensals are natural inhabitants on or within another organism, deriving benefit without harming or benefiting the host. Opportunistic infection of the CNS by the species is exceedingly rare. In the pres
- PMID 23198840
 
 
- Subgingival biodiversity in subjects with uncontrolled type-2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis.
- Casarin RC, Barbagallo A, Meulman T, Santos VR, Sallum EA, Nociti FH, Duarte PM, Casati MZ, Gonçalves RB.SourceDivision of Periodontics, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil. casarinrcv@yahoo.com.br
- Journal of periodontal research.J Periodontal Res.2013 Feb;48(1):30-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01498.x. Epub  2012 Jul 4.
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There is a bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Inflammatory mediators may negatively affect glycemic control, and increased glucose levels and resultant glycation end-products may alter the host response against bacteria
- PMID 22762355
 
 
Japanese Journal
- 脾梗塞にて発見された Gemella morbillorum による感染性心内膜炎(IE)の1例
- 保阪 由美子,木村 琢磨,鈴木 亮,鄭 東孝,荘司 路,青木 泰子
- 感染症学雑誌 : 日本伝染病学会機関誌 : the journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 84(5), 592-596, 2010-09-20
- NAID 10026894013
 
 
Related Links
- Gemella morbillorum is a strain of bacteria. It is an anaerobic Gram positive   coccus. From its discovery in 1917 (by R. Tunnicliff) until 1988 it was known as   Streptococcus morbillorum (it was briefly Peptostreptococcus morbillorum), the   name ...
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