モラクセラ属
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/02/24 22:41:25」(JST)
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Moraxella |
Scientific classification |
Kingdom: |
Bacteria |
Phylum: |
Proteobacteria |
Class: |
Gammaproteobacteria |
Order: |
Pseudomonadales |
Family: |
Moraxellaceae |
Genus: |
Moraxella
Lwoff 1939[1] |
Type species |
Moraxella lacunata[1]
|
Species |
M. atlantae
M. boevrei
M. bovis
M. bovoculi
M. canis
M. caprae
M. catarrhalis
M. caviae
M. cuniculi
M. equi
M. lacunata M. lincolnii
M. nonliquefaciens
M. oblonga
M. osloensis
M. pluranimalium
M. porci
M. saccharolytica
|
Moraxella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the Moraxellaceae family. It is named after the Swiss ophthalmologist Victor Morax. The organisms are short rods, coccobacilli or, as in the case of Moraxella catarrhalis, diplococci in morphology, with asaccharolytic, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive properties.[2] Moraxella catarrhalis is the clinically most important species under this genus.
Roles in disease
The organisms are commensals of mucosal surfaces and sometimes give rise to opportunistic infection.[2]
- Moraxella catarrhalis usually resides in respiratory tract, but can gain access to the lower respiratory tract in patients with chronic chest disease or compromised host defenses, thus causing tracheobronchitis and pneumonia. For example, it causes a significant proportion of lower respiratory tract infections in elderly patients with COPD and chronic bronchitis.[3] It is also one of the notable causes of otitis media and sinusitis. It causes similar symptoms to Haemophilus influenzae, although it is much less virulent. Unlike Neisseria meningitidis, which is a morphologic cousin of Moraxella catarrhalis, it hardly ever causes bacteremia or meningitis.
- Moraxella lacunata is one of the causes of blepharoconjunctivitis in human.[2]
- Moraxella bovis is the cause of Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis; known colloquially in the United Kingdom as 'New Forest Eye'. As a strict aerobe, M. bovis is confined to the cornea and conjunctiva, resulting in a progressive, non-self-limiting keratitis, ulceration and - ultimately - rupture of the cornea. The disease is relatively common, infecting cattle only. Treatment is via the use of either subconjunctival injection of a Tetracycline, or topical application of Cloxacillin, the former being more effective. The bacterium can be transmitted by flies, so fly control may be necessary on farms throughout the summer. Rupture of the eye is more serious, and requires immediate enucleation, though the procedure itself carries a good prognosis.
Further reading
- George M. Garrity (2010-11-24). Bergey's Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology (2 ed.). Springer. ISBN 0387241442.
- Martin Dworkin, Stanley Falkow, Eugene Rosenberg, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, Erko Stackebrandt (2006-09-28). The Prokaryotes: Vol. 6: Proteobacteria: Gamma Subclass: A Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria (3 ed.). Springer. ISBN 038725496X.
References
- ^ a b LPSN bacterio.net
- ^ a b c Ala'Aldeen, D. A. A. (2007). "Neisseria and moraxella". In Greenwood, David; Slack, Richard; Peitherer, John; & Barer, Mike (Eds.), Medical Microbiology (17th ed.), p. 258. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-443-10209-7.
- ^ "Gonorrhea Laboratory Information: Moraxella catarrhalis". Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved March 5, 2012.
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Clinical manifestations and microbiology of acute otitis media with spontaneous otorrhea in children.
- Chen YJ, Hsieh YC, Huang YC, Chiu CH.SourceDepartment of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi.J Microbiol Immunol Infect.2013 Jun 8. pii: S1684-1182(13)00070-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2013.04.001. [Epub ahead of print]
- BACKGROUND: In Taiwan, clinical and microbiological data on acute otitis media (AOM) with spontaneous otorrhea in children are limited.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively collected data on children with AOM and spontaneous otorrhea between January 2011 and June 2012. Otorrhea samples were coll
- PMID 23757372
- Microbiology of bacteria causing recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) and AOM treatment failure in young children in Spain: Shifting pathogens in the post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccination era.
- Pumarola F, Marès J, Losada I, Minguella I, Moraga F, Tarragó D, Aguilera U, Casanovas JM, Gadea G, Trías E, Cenoz S, Sistiaga A, García-Corbeira P, Pirçon JY, Marano C, Hausdorff WP.SourceHospital Infantil Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain; Passeig Vall D'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: felix.pumarola@gmail.com.
- International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology.Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol.2013 Jun 5. pii: S0165-5876(13)00157-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.04.002. [Epub ahead of print]
- OBJECTIVE: To prospectively identify the bacterial aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of problematic (recurrent and treatment failure) acute otitis media in Spanish children several years after the introduction of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.METHODS: Tympanocentesis or careful sa
- PMID 23746414
Japanese Journal
- Nutrient agar with sodium chloride supplementation for presumptive detection of Moraxella catarrhalis in clinical specimens
- NISHIYAMA Hiroyuki,SAITO Ryoichi,CHIDA Toshio,SANO Kazumitsu,TSUCHIYA Tatsuyuki,OKAMURA Noboru
- Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy 18(2), 219-227, 2012-04-01
- NAID 10030545656
- 衣類の生乾き臭の原因解明と製品への応用 (特集 最近のにおいケア製品の開発動向と展望)
- Genus Enhydrobacter Staley et al. 1987 should be recognized as a member of the family Rhodospirillaceae within the class Alphaproteobacteria
- Kawamura Yoshiaki,Fujiwara Nagatoshi,Naka Takashi [他]
- Microbiology and immunology 56(1), 21-26, 2012-01
- NAID 40019165001
Related Links
- 感染症分類 特に規定されていな い。 一 般的性状 Moraxella catarrhalisは、従来Branhamella catarrhalisとして分類されていた。臨床現場では、Moraxella catarrhalisよりBranhamella catarrhalisの呼称が定着しているため、現在もこの名称 ...
- Moraxella [B] catarrhalis モラクセラ(亜属ブランハメラ)・カタラリス 系統 抗菌薬 感受性 標準菌株 標準菌のMIC 臨床分離菌のMIC80 臨床分離菌のMIC60 備考 ペニシリン系 Amoxicillin / Clavulanate (1:14) 1502 0.01 2001E 0.25 ...
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グラム陽性菌の鑑別 LAB.994
グラム陰性菌の鑑別 LAB.995
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