WordNet

the 3rd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)c
(music) the keynote of the scale of C major
a general-purpose programing language closely associated with the UNIX operating system

PrepTutorEJDIC

carbonの化学記号

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1. 補体経路 complement pathways
2. 補体系の遺伝性疾患 inherited disorders of the complement system
3. 補体系の制御因子および受容体 regulators and receptors of the complement system
4. 補体系の概要および臨床的評価 overview and clinical assessment of the complement system
5. 遺伝性血管浮腫：病因および診断 hereditary angioedema pathogenesis and diagnosis

English Journal

The Value of Signal Peptide-CUB-EGF Domain-containing Protein-1 (SCUBE1) in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism: A Preliminary Study.

Turkmen S1, Sahin A1, Gunaydin M2, Sahin S3, Mentese A4, Turedi S1, Karahan SC4, Ozsu S5, Gunduz A1.
Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.Acad Emerg Med.2015 Aug;22(8):922-6. doi: 10.1111/acem.12721. Epub 2015 Jul 22.
OBJECTIVES: The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) in the emergency department still poses difficulties because symptoms and signs are nonspecific. There is a need for more reliable noninvasive diagnostic tests to support clinical suspicion before the costly invasive procedures with complication r
PMID 26202675

Characterization of rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) complement components C1r and C1s in terms of molecular aspects, genomic modulation, and immune responsive transcriptional profiles following bacterial and viral pathogen exposure.

Godahewa GI1, Bathige SD1, Herath HM1, Noh JK2, Lee J3.
Fish & shellfish immunology.Fish Shellfish Immunol.2015 Aug 1;46(2):656-668. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.07.026. [Epub ahead of print]
The complement components C1r and C1s play a crucial role in innate immunity via activation of the classical complement cascade system. As initiators of the pathogen-induced signaling cascade, C1r and C1s modulate innate immunity. In order to understand the immune responses of teleost C1r and C1s, O
PMID 26241508

Japanese Journal

Roles of CUB and LDL receptor class A domain repeats of a transmembrane serine protease matriptase in its zymogen activation.

Inouye Kuniyo,Tomoishi Marie,Yasumoto Makoto [他],Miyake Yuka,Kojima Kenji,Tsuzuki Satoshi,Fushiki Tohru
Journal of biochemistry 153(1), 51-61, 2013-01
… Matriptase is a type II transmembrane serine protease containing two complement proteases C1r/C1s-urchin embryonic growth factor-bone morphogenetic protein domains (CUB repeat) and four low-density lipoprotein receptor class A domains (LDLRA repeat). …
NAID 120005373084

Identification of cDNA Sequences Encoding the Complement Components of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Vo Kha Tam,Tsujikura Masakazu,Somamoto Tomonori,Nakano Miki
Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University 54(2), 373-387, 2009-10-29
… Complementary DNA sequences encoding C1q, C1r/s, C2 (B/C2-B), C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, factor B (B/C2-A), the mannose-binding lectin (MBL), two MBL-associated serine proteases, properdin, and factor I were identified by cloning from the hepatopancreas and by database mining. …
NAID 120001766563

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「補体」
拡張検索	「補体C1r」「C1r complement」「complement C1r」「C1r欠損症」
関連記事	「C」「C1」

「補体」

　　[★]

英: complement
同: アレキシン alexin
関: 補体活性化経路、補体価

図：IMM.63

pathway	start	first step
classical pathway	antigen-antibody complex	C1q, C1r, C1s, C4, C2
lectin pathway	mannose-binding lectin or ficolin binds carbohydrate on pathogen surface	MBL/ficolin, MASP-2, C4, C2
alternative pathway	pathogen surface	C3, B, D

補体の相互作用 IMM.62

古典的経路 classical pathway

C1qがカスケードの最初となる。3つの方法で補体カスケードがはじまる。

(1)多価陰イオン表面(例えば、グラム陰性細菌のリポテイコ酸)
(2)バクテリアの多糖のホスホコリンに結合(例えば肺炎球菌のC蛋白質)
(3)抗原抗体複合体に結合して自然免疫と獲得免疫のエフェクター機構を結びつける。

レクチン経路 lectin pathway

炭化水素鎖を認識するレクチンがカスケードの最初となる。

1. lectin MBL：mannose-containing carbohydrates
2. ficolin　：N-acetylglucosamine

代替経路 alternative pathway

C3からはじまる。血漿中のC3が病原体の表面で自発的に活性化されることで補体反応がはじまる。

３つの経路は共通してC3 convertaseを生成。C3 convertaseはC3→C3a+C3b
C3a: C3a is a peptide mediator of local inflammation
C3b: C3b binds covalently to the bacterial cell membrane and opsonizes the bacteria

C5 convertaseはC3bにC3 convertaseが結合してできる
C5 converaseはC5→C5a+C5b
C5a: powerful peptide mediator of inflammation
C5b: C5b,C6,C7,C8,C9: membrane-attack complex

C3aとC5a。C4a

炎症部位に血管外に抗体、補体、食細胞を集め、組織液を増やすことで抗原提示細胞がリンパ節に移動するのを促進する(IMM.75)

C5a,C3a,C4a: smooth muscle contraction.(IMM.75)
C5a,C3a: act on the endo thelial cells lining blood vessels to induce adhesion molecules.(IMM.75)
C5a>C3a>C4a: increase in blood flow, increase vascular permeability, increase binding of phagocytes to exdothielial cells.(IMM.76)
C5a: activates mast cells to release mediators, such as histamine and TNF-α. that contribute the inflammatory response(IMM.76).
C5a: acts directly on neutrophils and monocytes and attracting neutrophils and monocytes(IMM.75)
C3a: contributes to the pypotension and edema seen in endotoxic shock
C5a: activated by endotoxin, funcions in neutrophil chemotaxis