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同: GlcNAc

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the 14th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)n

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nitrogenの化学記号
neodymiumの化学記号

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/09/11 04:28:21」(JST)

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N-Acetylglucosamine (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, or GlcNAc, or NAG) is a monosaccharide derivative of glucose. It is an amide between glucosamine and acetic acid. It has a molecular formula of C₈H₁₅NO₆, a molar mass of 221.21 g/mol, and it is significant in several biological systems.

It is part of a biopolymer in the bacterial cell wall, built from alternating units of GlcNAc and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), cross-linked with oligopeptides at the lactic acid residue of MurNAc. This layered structure is called peptidoglycan (formerly called murein).

GlcNAc is the monomeric unit of the polymer chitin, which forms the outer coverings of insects and crustaceans. It is the main component of the cell walls of fungi, the radulas of mollusks, and the beaks of cephalopods.

Polymerized with glucuronic acid, it forms hyaluronan.

Medical uses[edit source | edit]

It has been proposed as a treatment for autoimmune diseases,^[1] and recent tests have claimed some success.^[2]

References[edit source | edit]

^ "Sugar supplement may treat immune disease - health - 07 June 2007 - New Scientist". Retrieved 2007-06-08.
^ "Glucosamine-Like Supplement Suppresses Multiple Sclerosis Attacks, Study Suggests". Science Daily.

External links[edit source | edit]

Re Multiple Sclerosis

UpToDate Contents

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1. 封入体筋炎の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of inclusion body myositis
2. B群レンサ球菌感染症予防のための予防接種 vaccines for the prevention of group b streptococcal disease
3. ビリルビン代謝 bilirubin metabolism
4. ライム病の微生物学 microbiology of lyme disease
5. 回帰熱の微生物学、病因、および疫学 microbiology pathogenesis and epidemiology of relapsing fever

English Journal

Identification and characterization of a novel chitinase with antifungal activity from 'Baozhu' pear (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.).

Han P1, Yang C2, Liang X2, Li L2.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Apr 1;196:808-14. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.006. Epub 2015 Oct 9.
A novel chitinase from the 'Baozhu' pear was found, purified, and characterized in this report. This chitinase was a monomer with a molecular mass of 28.9kDa. Results of the internal peptide sequence analyses classify this chitinase as a class III chitinase. In the enzymatic hydrolytic assay, this c
PMID 26593558

Rethinking the roles of CRP, cAMP, and sugar-mediated global regulation in the Vibrionaceae.

Colton DM1, Stabb EV2.
Current genetics.Curr Genet.2016 Feb;62(1):39-45. doi: 10.1007/s00294-015-0508-8. Epub 2015 Jul 28.
Many proteobacteria modulate a suite of catabolic genes using the second messenger cyclic 3', 5'-AMP (cAMP) and the cAMP receptor protein (CRP). Together, the cAMP-CRP complex regulates target promoters, usually by activating transcription. In the canonical model, the phosphotransferase system (PTS)
PMID 26215147

Post-translational O-GlcNAcylation is essential for nuclear pore integrity and maintenance of the pore selectivity filter.

Zhu Y1, Liu TW1, Madden Z2, Yuzwa SA3, Murray K3, Cecioni S2, Zachara N4, Vocadlo DJ5.
Journal of molecular cell biology.J Mol Cell Biol.2016 Feb;8(1):2-16. doi: 10.1093/jmcb/mjv033. Epub 2015 Jun 1.
O-glycosylation of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is conserved within metazoans. Many nucleoporins (Nups) comprising the NPC are constitutively O-GlcNAcylated, but the functional role of this modification remains enigmatic. We show that loss of O-GlcNAc, in
PMID 26031751

Japanese Journal

新規β-マンノシドホスホリラーゼの発見(応用糖質科学シンポジウム)

知久和寛,仁平高則,鈴木絵里香,西本完,北岡本光,中井博之,大坪研一
応用糖質科学 : 日本応用糖質科学会誌 5(2), 120-127, 2015-05-20
… BT_1033は,β-1,4-マンノシル-N-アセチルグルコサミンをリン酸存在下で可逆的に加リン酸分解する新規酵素であり,β-1,4-マンノシル-N-アセチルグルコサミンホスホリラーゼと命名した。 …
NAID 110009964189

N-アセチルグルコサミンの美肌作用 : 最新の研究と機能性表示への可能性 (特集トータルビューティ(1)美肌・アンチエイジング)

鶴田曉史
Food style 21 19(4), 47-50, 2015-04
NAID 40020415722

ウメ綸紋ウイルスの外被タンパク質のアミノ酸の違いによるウイルスの性状に関する研究

夏目祐樹,NATSUME Yuki
法政大学大学院紀要（理工学・工学研究科編） (56), 2015-03-24
… It is also reported that CP was modified by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), which was suggested to work for host fitness. …
NAID 120005616103

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「補体」「N-アセチルグルコサミン」
拡張検索	「N-acetylglucosamine receptor」
関連記事	「n」「N」「acetylglucosamine」「Nd」

「補体」

N-Acetylglucosamine
	IUPAC name 2-(Acetylamino)-2-deoxy-D-glucose
	Other names N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine; GlcNAc; NAG
Identifiers
CAS number	7512-17-6
PubChem	24139
ChemSpider	22563
UNII	V956696549
ChEBI	CHEBI:28009
ChEMBL	CHEMBL447878
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES O=C(N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]1O)CO)C ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C8H15NO6/c1-3(11)9-5-7(13)6(12)4(2-10)15-8(5)14/h4-8,10,12-14H,2H2,1H3,(H,9,11)/t4-,5-,6-,7-,8-/m1/s1 ; Key: OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-FMDGEEDCSA-N ;
Properties
Molecular formula	C8H15NO6
Molar mass	221.21
Melting point	211
Hazards
S-phrases	S24/25
Related compounds
Related Monosaccharides	N-Acetylgalactosamine
Related compounds	Glucosamine; Glucose
	(verify) (what is: /?); Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

英: complement
同: アレキシン alexin
関: 補体活性化経路、補体価

図：IMM.63

pathway	start	first step
classical pathway	antigen-antibody complex	C1q, C1r, C1s, C4, C2
lectin pathway	mannose-binding lectin or ficolin binds carbohydrate on pathogen surface	MBL/ficolin, MASP-2, C4, C2
alternative pathway	pathogen surface	C3, B, D

補体の相互作用 IMM.62

古典的経路 classical pathway

C1qがカスケードの最初となる。3つの方法で補体カスケードがはじまる。

(1)多価陰イオン表面(例えば、グラム陰性細菌のリポテイコ酸)
(2)バクテリアの多糖のホスホコリンに結合(例えば肺炎球菌のC蛋白質)
(3)抗原抗体複合体に結合して自然免疫と獲得免疫のエフェクター機構を結びつける。

レクチン経路 lectin pathway

炭化水素鎖を認識するレクチンがカスケードの最初となる。

1. lectin MBL：mannose-containing carbohydrates
2. ficolin　：N-acetylglucosamine

代替経路 alternative pathway

C3からはじまる。血漿中のC3が病原体の表面で自発的に活性化されることで補体反応がはじまる。

３つの経路は共通してC3 convertaseを生成。C3 convertaseはC3→C3a+C3b
C3a: C3a is a peptide mediator of local inflammation
C3b: C3b binds covalently to the bacterial cell membrane and opsonizes the bacteria

C5 convertaseはC3bにC3 convertaseが結合してできる
C5 converaseはC5→C5a+C5b
C5a: powerful peptide mediator of inflammation
C5b: C5b,C6,C7,C8,C9: membrane-attack complex

C3aとC5a。C4a

炎症部位に血管外に抗体、補体、食細胞を集め、組織液を増やすことで抗原提示細胞がリンパ節に移動するのを促進する(IMM.75)

C5a,C3a,C4a: smooth muscle contraction.(IMM.75)
C5a,C3a: act on the endo thelial cells lining blood vessels to induce adhesion molecules.(IMM.75)
C5a>C3a>C4a: increase in blood flow, increase vascular permeability, increase binding of phagocytes to exdothielial cells.(IMM.76)
C5a: activates mast cells to release mediators, such as histamine and TNF-α. that contribute the inflammatory response(IMM.76).
C5a: acts directly on neutrophils and monocytes and attracting neutrophils and monocytes(IMM.75)
C3a: contributes to the pypotension and edema seen in endotoxic shock
C5a: activated by endotoxin, funcions in neutrophil chemotaxis

C5a

臨床関連

増加：

関節リウマチ、ウェゲナー肉芽腫、リウマチ熱、ベーチェット病

減少：低補体血症

全身性エリテマトーデス、悪性関節リウマチ、急性糸球体腎炎、膜性増殖性糸球体腎炎、結節性多発動脈炎, polyarteritis nodosa, PN

「N-アセチルグルコサミン」

　　[★]

英: N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetyl glucosamine, GlcNAc, NAG
同: N-アセチル-D-グルコサミン N-acetyl-D-glucosamine、N-アセチルキトサミン N-acetylchitosamine
関: N-アセチルグルコサミニダーゼ

「N-acetylglucosamine receptor」

　　[★]

N-アセチルグルコサミン受容体、N-アセチルグルコサミンレセプター

「n」

　　[★]

n.

例数

関: number of experiment、sample size

pの前の[n]はmと記載する。synptom→symptom

「N」

　　[★]

アスパラギン asparagine
窒素(原子、分子)

「acetylglucosamine」

　　[★]

アセチルグルコサミン

関: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

「Nd」

　　[★] ネオジム neodymium 　

[1] "Sugar supplement may treat immune disease - health - 07 June 2007 - New Scientist". Retrieved 2007-06-08.

[2] "Glucosamine-Like Supplement Suppresses Multiple Sclerosis Attacks, Study Suggests". Science Daily.

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案内

案内

N-acetylglucosamine