Nilotinib|
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| Clinical data |
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| Trade names |
Tasigna |
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| AHFS/Drugs.com |
Monograph |
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| MedlinePlus |
a608002 |
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| License data |
- EU EMA: by INN
- US FDA: Nilotinib
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Pregnancy
category |
- AU: D
- US: D (Evidence of risk)
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Routes of
administration |
Oral |
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| ATC code |
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| Legal status |
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| Legal status |
- AU: S4 (Prescription only)
- CA: ℞-only
- UK: POM (Prescription only)
- US: ℞-only
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| Pharmacokinetic data |
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| Bioavailability |
30%[1] |
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| Protein binding |
98%[1] |
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| Metabolism |
Hepatic (mostly CYP3A4-mediated)[1] |
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| Elimination half-life |
15-17 hours[1] |
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| Excretion |
Faeces (93%)[1] |
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| Identifiers |
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IUPAC name
- 4-methyl-N-[3-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)- 5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3- [(4-pyridin-3-ylpyrimidin-2-yl) amino]benzamide
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| CAS Number |
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| PubChem CID |
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| IUPHAR/BPS |
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| DrugBank |
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| ChemSpider |
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| UNII |
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| KEGG |
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| ChEBI |
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| ChEMBL |
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| PDB ligand |
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| ECHA InfoCard |
100.166.395 |
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| Chemical and physical data |
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| Formula |
C28H22F3N7O |
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| Molar mass |
529.5245 g/mol |
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| 3D model (JSmol) |
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SMILES
Cc1ccc(cc1Nc2nccc(n2)c3cccnc3)C(=O)Nc4cc(cc(c4)n5cc(nc5)C)C(F)(F)F
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InChI
InChI=1S/C28H22F3N7O/c1-17-5-6-19(10-25(17)37-27-33-9-7-24(36-27)20-4-3-8-32-14-20)26(39)35-22-11-21(28(29,30)31)12-23(13-22)38-15-18(2)34-16-38/h3-16H,1-2H3,(H,35,39)(H,33,36,37) Y Key:HHZIURLSWUIHRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
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| NY (what is this?) (verify) |
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Nilotinib (AMN107, trade name Tasigna[2]), in the form of the hydrochloride monohydrate salt, is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia.[3] Structurally related to imatinib,[4] it was developed based on the structure of the Abl-imatinib complex to address imatinib intolerance and resistance.[5][6][7] Nilotinib is a selective Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitor[5][6] that is 10–30 fold more potent than imatinib in inhibiting Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase activity and proliferation of Bcr-Abl expressing cells.[4][6][7][8] Nilotinib was developed by Novartis and is sold under the trade name Tasigna.[9]
Medical uses
Crystal structure of Abl kinase domain (blue) in complex with nilotinib (red)
It is FDA- (29 October 2007),[10] EMA- (29 September 2009),[11] MHRA- (19 November 2007)[12] and TGA- (17 January 2008)[13] approved for use as a treatment for Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+)-positive chronic myelogenous leukaemia.[1]
The drug carries a black box warning for possible heart complications.[14][15]
Clinical trials
CML
In June 2006, a phase I clinical trial found nilotinib has a relatively favorable safety profile and shows activity in cases of CML resistant to treatment with imatinib, another tyrosine kinase inhibitor currently used as a first-line treatment.[16] In that study 92% of patients (already resistant or unresponsive to imatinib) achieved normal white blood cell counts after five months of treatment.[17]
Other
Novartis announced on April 11, 2011 that it was discontinuing a phase III trial of Tasigna (nilotinib) for investigational use in the first-line treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) based on the recommendation of an independent data monitoring committee. Interim results showed Tasigna is unlikely to demonstrate superiority compared to Novartis's Gleevec (imatinib)*, the current standard of care in this setting.[18]
The use of low doses of nilotinib is being investigated for use for Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's disease, as well as for ALS, dementia and Huntington's disease.[19]
Beginning in 2015, nilotinib was being trialed in people with Parkinson's disease as it appeared to be able to halt progression of the disease and even improve their symptoms. The researchers behind the trial hypothesized that the drug blocks a protein that interferes with the action of lysosomes which normally destroy harmful proteins in the brain.[20]
Contraindications
Contraindications include long QT syndrome, hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia, pregnancy, planned pregnancy, lactation and galactose/lactose intolerance.[1][13]
Cautions include:[1]
- Myelosuppression
- Tumour lysis syndrome
- Liver impairment
- History of pancreatitis
- Check serum lipase periodically in order to detect pancreatitis
- Total gastrectomy
- Avoid pregnancy or impregnating women
Dose reduction of nilotinib has been recommended in hepatically impaired population which involves recommendation of lower starting dose and monitoring of any hepatic function abnormalities.[21]
Adverse effects
See also: List of adverse effects of nilotinib
Nilotinib has a number of adverse effects typical of anti-cancer drugs. These include headache, fatigue, gastrointestinal problems such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation, muscle and joint pain, rash and other skin conditions, flu-like symptoms, and reduced blood cell count. Less typical side effects are those of the cardiovascular system, such as hypertension (high blood pressure), various types of arrhythmia, and prolonged QT interval. Nilotinib can also affect the body's electrolyte and glucose balance.[10] Though pulmonary-related adverse effects are rare when compared with imatinib and dasatinib, there is a case report of acute respiratory failure from diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in a patient taking nilotinib.[22]
Interactions
Nilotinib has been reported as a substrate for OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. Interaction of nilotinib with OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 may alter its hepatic disposition and can lead to transporter mediated drug-drug interactions.[21] Nilotinib is an inhibitor of OATP-1B1 transporter but not for OATP-1B3.[23]
It is a substrate for CYP3A4 and hence grapefruit juice and other CYP3A4 inhibitors[24] will increase its action and inducers like St. John's wort[25] will decrease it. Patients report that pomegranates and starfruit may also interfere.
Food should not be eaten two hours before or one hour afterwards because it unpredictably increases its bioavailability, approximately doubling it.
Pharmacology
Nilotinib inhibits the kinases BCR-ABL,[26] KIT, LCK, EPHA3, EPHA8, DDR1, DDR2, PDGFRB, MAPK11 and ZAK.[27]
See also
- Bcr-Abl tyrosine-kinase inhibitor#Nilotinib (AMN107) re development and resistance.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Tasigna (nilotinib) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more". Medscape Reference. WebMD. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
- ^ Official Manufacturer Website http://www.tasigna.com
- ^ "Cancer Drug Information: Nilotinib".
- ^ a b Manley, P.; Cowan-Jacob, S.; Mestan, J. (2005). "Advances in the structural biology, design and clinical development of Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1754 (1–2): 3–13. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2005.07.040. PMID 16172030.
- ^ a b Manley, P.; Stiefl, N.; Cowan-Jacob, S.; Kaufman, S.; Mestan, J.; Wartmann, M.; Wiesmann, M.; Woodman, R.; Gallagher, N. (2010). "Structural resemblances and comparisons of the relative pharmacological properties of imatinib and nilotinib". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 18 (19): 6977–6986. doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2010.08.026. PMID 20817538.
- ^ a b c Jabbour, E.; Cortes, J.; Kantarjian, H. (2009). "Nilotinib for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia: An evidence-based review". Core Evidence. 4: 207–213.
- ^ a b Olivieri, A.; Manzione, L. (2007). "Dasatinib: a new step in molecular target therapy". Annals of Oncology. 18 Suppl 6: vi42–vi46. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdm223. PMID 17591830.
- ^ Breccia, M.; Alimena, G. (2010). "Nilotinib: a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor for chronic myeloid leukemia". Leukemia Research. 34 (2): 129–134. doi:10.1016/j.leukres.2009.08.031. PMID 19783301.
- ^ https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/fda-nilotinib
- ^ a b "Complete Nilotinib information from Drugs.com". Drugs.com. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
- ^ "Tasigna : EPAR - Product Information" (PDF). European Medicines Agency. Novartis Europharm Ltd. 18 October 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
- ^ "Tasigna 150mg Hard Capsules - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC)". electronic Medicines Compendium. Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd. 9 September 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
- ^ a b "TASIGNA® nilotinib" (PDF). TGA eBusiness Services. 21 October 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
- ^ "FDA Approves Tasigna for Treatment of Philadelphia Chromosome Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2007-10-30. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ^ "Prescribing information for Tasigna (nilotinib) Capsules" (PDF). NDA 022068. U.S. FDA. 2007-10-29. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ^ Kantarjian H; Giles, Francis; Wunderle, Lydia; Bhalla, Kapil; O'Brien, Susan; Wassmann, Barbara; Tanaka, Chiaki; Manley, Paul; Rae, Patricia; Mietlowski, William; Bochinski, Kathy; Hochhaus, Andreas; Griffin, James D.; Hoelzer, Dieter; Albitar, Maher; Dugan, Margaret; Cortes, Jorge; Alland, Leila; Ottmann, Oliver G.; et al. (2006). "Nilotinib in imatinib-resistant CML and Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL". N Engl J Med. 354 (24): 2542–51. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa055104. PMID 16775235.
- ^ "Patients with treatment-resistant leukemia achieve high responses to Tasigna (nilotinib) in first published clinical trial results". MediaReleases. Novartis. 2006-06-14. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ^ http://www.novartis.com/newsroom/media-releases/en/2011/1504991.shtml
- ^ "Cancer drug prevents build-up of toxic brain protein". MedicalXpress.com. 10 May 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
- ^ Hamzelou, Jessica (17 October 2015). "People with Parkinson's walk again after promising drug trial". New Scientist. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
- ^ a b Khurana V, Minocha M, Pal D, Mitra AK (March 2014). "Role of OATP-1B1 and/or OATP-1B3 in hepatic disposition of tyrosine kinase inhibitors". Drug Metabol Drug Interact. 29 (3): 1–11. doi:10.1515/dmdi-2013-0062. PMC 4407685 . PMID 24643910.
- ^ Donatelli, Christopher; Chongnarungsin, Daych; Ashton, Rendell (2014). "Acute respiratory failure from nilotinib-associated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage". Leukemia & Lymphoma. 55 (10): 1–6. doi:10.3109/10428194.2014.887714. PMID 24467220.
- ^ Khurana V, Minocha M, Pal D, Mitra AK (May 2014). "Inhibition of OATP-1B1 and OATP-1B3 by tyrosine kinase inhibitors". Drug Metabol Drug Interact. 29 (4): 1–11. doi:10.1515/dmdi-2014-0014. PMC 4407688 . PMID 24807167.
- ^ Bailey, David G; Malcolm, J; Arnold, O; David Spence, J (1998-08-01). "Grapefruit juice–drug interactions". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 46 (2): 101–110. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1998.00764.x. ISSN 0306-5251. PMC 1873672 . PMID 9723817.
- ^ Komoroski, Bernard J.; Zhang, Shimin; Cai, Hongbo; Hutzler, J. Matthew; Frye, Reginald; Tracy, Timothy S.; Strom, Stephen C.; Lehmann, Thomas; Ang, Catharina Y. W. (2004-05-01). "Induction and inhibition of cytochromes P450 by the St. John's wort constituent hyperforin in human hepatocyte cultures". Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 32 (5): 512–518. doi:10.1124/dmd.32.5.512. ISSN 0090-9556. PMID 15100173.
- ^ Weisberg E, Manley P, Mestan J, Cowan-Jacob S, Ray A, Griffin JD (June 2006). "AMN107 (nilotinib): a novel and selective inhibitor of BCR-ABL". Br. J. Cancer. 94 (12): 1765–9. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603170. PMC 2361347 . PMID 16721371.
- ^ Manley, PW; Drueckes, P; Fendrich, G; Furet, P; Liebetanz, J; Martiny-Baron, G; Mestan, J; Trappe, J; et al. (2010). "Extended kinase profile and properties of the protein kinase inhibitor nilotinib". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1804 (3): 445–53. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.11.008. PMID 19922818.
External links
- Discovery and development of Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors
- New drug information/Abbreviated Scientific Narrative
- Highlights of Prescription information Nilotinib (August 2007) Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (USA)
- Summary of Product Characteristics Nilotinib (November 2007) Novartis AG (Europe)
Targeted cancer therapy / antineoplastic agents (L01) |
|---|
| CI monoclonal antibodies ("-mab") | | Receptor tyrosine kinase |
- ErbB: HER1/EGFR (Cetuximab
- Panitumumab)
- HER2/neu (Trastuzumab
- Trastuzumab emtansine)
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| Others for solid tumors |
- EpCAM (Catumaxomab
- Edrecolomab)
- VEGF-A (Bevacizumab)
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| Leukemia/lymphoma |
- lymphoid: CD20 (Ibritumomab
- Ofatumumab
- Rituximab
- Tositumomab), CD30 (Brentuximab), CD52 (Alemtuzumab)
- myeloid: CD33 (Gemtuzumab)
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|---|
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| Tyrosine-kinase inhibitors ("-nib") | | Receptor tyrosine kinase |
- ErbB: HER1/EGFR (Brigatinib
- Erlotinib
- Gefitinib
- Olmutinib
- Osimertinib
- Rociletinib
- Vandetanib)
- HER1/EGFR and HER2/neu
- Afatinib
- Lapatinib
- Neratinib
- RTK class III: C-kit and PDGFR (Axitinib
- Masitinib
- Pazopanib
- Sunitinib
- Sorafenib
- Toceranib)
- FLT3 (Lestaurtinib)
- VEGFR
- Axitinib
- Cediranib
- Lenvatinib
- Nintedanib
- Pazopanib
- Regorafenib
- Semaxanib
- Sorafenib
- Sunitinib
- Tivozanib
- Toceranib
- Vandetanib
RET inhibitors: Vandetanib (also VEGFR and EGFR). Entrectinib (ALK, ROS1, NTRK).
c-MET inhibitor: Cabozantinib (also VEGFR2).
|
|---|
| Non-receptor |
- bcr-abl
- Imatinib
- Dasatinib
- Nilotinib
- Ponatinib
- Radotinib
- Src (Bosutinib
- Dasatinib)
- Janus kinase
- Lestaurtinib
- Momelotinib
- Ruxolitinib
- Pacritinib
- MAP2K
- Cobimetinib
- Selumetinib
- Trametinib
- Binimetinib
- EML4-ALK
- Alectinib
- Brigatinib
- Ceritinib
- Crizotinib
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| Other |
- fusion protein against VEGF (Aflibercept)
- proapoptotic peptide against ANXA2 and prohibitin (Adipotide)
- exotoxin against IL-2 (Denileukin diftitox)
- mTOR inhibitors
- hedgehog inhibitors
- CDK inhibitor (Palbociclib
- Ribociclib)
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Growth factor receptor modulators |
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| Angiopoietin |
- Agonists: Angiopoietin 1
- Angiopoietin 4
- Antagonists: Angiopoietin 2
- Angiopoietin 3
- Kinase inhibitors: Altiratinib
- CE-245677
- Rebastinib
- Antibodies: Evinacumab (against angiopoietin 3)
- Nesvacumab (against angiopoietin 2)
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| CNTF |
- Agonists: Axokine
- CNTF
- Dapiclermin
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| EGF (ErbB) | EGF
(ErbB1/HER1) |
- Agonists: Amphiregulin
- Betacellulin
- EGF (urogastrone)
- Epigen
- Epiregulin
- Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF)
- Murodermin
- Nepidermin
- Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα)
- Kinase inhibitors: Afatinib
- AG-490
- Agerafenib
- Brigatinib
- Canertinib
- Dacomitinib
- Erlotinib
- Gefitinib
- Grandinin
- Icotinib
- Lapatinib
- Neratinib
- Osimertinib
- Vandetanib
- WHI-P 154
- Antibodies: Cetuximab
- Depatuxizumab
- Depatuxizumab mafodotin
- Futuximab
- Imgatuzumab
- Matuzumab
- Necitumumab
- Nimotuzumab
- Panitumumab
- Zalutumumab
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| ErbB2/HER2 |
- Antibodies: Ertumaxomab
- Pertuzumab
- Trastuzumab
- Trastuzumab duocarmazine
- Trastuzumab emtansine
- Kinase inhibitors: Afatinib
- AG-490
- Lapatinib
- Mubritinib
- Neratinib
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| ErbB3/HER3 |
- Agonists: Neuregulins (heregulins) (1, 2, 6 (neuroglycan C))
- Antibodies: Duligotumab
- Patritumab
- Seribantumab
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| ErbB4/HER4 |
- Agonists: Betacellulin
- Epigen
- Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF)
- Neuregulins (heregulins) (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (tomoregulin, TMEFF))
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| FGF | | FGFR1 |
- Agonists: Ersofermin
- FGF (1, 2 (bFGF), 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 (KGF2), 20)
- Repifermin
- Trafermin
- Velafermin
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| FGFR2 |
- Agonists: Ersofermin
- FGF (1, 2 (bFGF), 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (KGF), 8, 9, 10 (KGF2), 17, 18, 22)
- Palifermin
- Repifermin
- Sprifermin
- Trafermin
- Antibodies: Aprutumab
- Aprutumab ixadotin
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| FGFR3 |
- Agonists: Ersofermin
- FGF (1, 2 (bFGF), 4, 8, 9, 18, 23)
- Sprifermin
- Trafermin
- Antibodies: Burosumab (against FGF23)
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| FGFR4 |
- Agonists: Ersofermin
- FGF (1, 2 (bFGF), 4, 6, 8, 9, 19)
- Trafermin
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| Unsorted | |
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| HGF (c-Met) |
- Agonists: Hepatocyte growth factor
- Potentiators: Dihexa (PNB-0408)
- Kinase inhibitors: Altiratinib
- AM7
- AMG-458
- Amuvatinib
- BMS-777607
- Cabozantinib
- Crizotinib
- Foretinib
- Golvatinib
- INCB28060
- JNJ-38877605
- K252a
- MK-2461
- PF-04217903
- PF-2341066
- PHA-665752
- SU-11274
- Tivantinib
- Volitinib
- Antibodies: Emibetuzumab
- Ficlatuzumab
- Flanvotumab
- Onartuzumab
- Rilotumumab
- Telisotuzumab
- Telisotuzumab vedotin
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| IGF | | IGF-1 |
- Agonists: des(1-3)IGF-1
- Insulin-like growth factor-1 (somatomedin C)
- IGF-1 LR3
- Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A)
- Insulin
- Mecasermin
- Mecasermin rinfabate
- Kinase inhibitors: BMS-754807
- Linsitinib
- NVP-ADW742
- NVP-AEW541
- OSl-906
- Antibodies: AVE-1642
- Cixutumumab
- Dalotuzumab
- Figitumumab
- Ganitumab
- Robatumumab
- R1507
- Teprotumumab
- Xentuzumab (against IGF-1 and IGF-2)
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| IGF-2 |
- Agonists: Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A)
- Antibodies: Dusigitumab
- Xentuzumab (against IGF-1 and IGF-2)
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| Others |
- Binding proteins: IGFBP (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
- Cleavage products/derivatives with unknown target: Glypromate (GPE, (1-3)IGF-1)
- Trofinetide
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| LNGF (p75NTR) |
- Agonists: BDNF
- BNN-20
- BNN-27
- Cenegermin
- DHEA
- DHEA-S
- NGF
- NT-3
- NT-4
- Antagonists: ALE-0540
- Dexamethasone
- EVT-901 (SAR-127963)
- Testosterone
- Antibodies: Against NGF: ABT-110 (PG110)
- ASP-6294
- Fasinumab
- Frunevetmab
- Fulranumab
- MEDI-578
- Ranevetmab
- Tanezumab
- Aptamers: Against NGF: RBM-004
- Decoy receptors: LEVI-04 (p75NTR-Fc)
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| PDGF |
- Agonists: Becaplermin
- Platelet-derived growth factor (A, B, C, D)
- Kinase inhibitors: Agerafenib
- Axitinib
- Crenolanib
- Imatinib
- Lenvatinib
- Masitinib
- Motesanib
- Nintedanib
- Pazopanib
- Radotinib
- Quizartinib
- Sunitinib
- Sorafenib
- Toceranib
- Antibodies: Olaratumab
- Ramucirumab
- Tovetumab
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| RET (GFL) | | GFRα1 |
- Agonists: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)
- Liatermin
- Kinase inhibitors: Vandetanib
|
|---|
| GFRα2 |
- Agonists: Neurturin (NRTN)
- Kinase inhibitors: Vandetanib
|
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| GFRα3 |
- Kinase inhibitors: Vandetanib
|
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| GFRα4 |
- Agonists: Persephin (PSPN)
- Kinase inhibitors: Vandetanib
|
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| Unsorted |
- Kinase inhibitors: Agerafenib
|
|---|
|
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| SCF (c-Kit) |
- Agonists: Ancestim
- Stem cell factor
- Kinase inhibitors: Agerafenib
- Axitinib
- Dasatinib
- Imatinib
- Masitinib
- Nilotinib
- Pazopanib
- Quizartinib
- Sorafenib
- Sunitinib
- Toceranib
|
|---|
| TGFβ | |
|---|
| Trk | | TrkA |
- Agonists: Amitriptyline
- BNN-20
- BNN-27
- Cenegermin
- DHEA
- DHEA-S
- Gambogic amide
- NGF
- Tavilermide
- Antagonists: ALE-0540
- Dexamethasone
- FX007
- Testosterone
- Negative allosteric modulators: VM-902A
- Kinase inhibitors: Altiratinib
- AZD-6918
- CE-245677
- CH-7057288
- DS-6051
- Entrectinib
- GZ-389988
- K252a
- Larotrectinib
- Lestaurtinib
- Milciclib
- ONO-4474
- ONO-5390556
- PLX-7486
- Rebastinib
- SNA-120 (pegylated K252a))
- Antibodies: Against TrkA: GBR-900; Against NGF: ABT-110 (PG110)
- ASP-6294
- Fasinumab
- Frunevetmab
- Fulranumab
- MEDI-578
- Ranevetmab
- Tanezumab
- Aptamers: Against NGF: RBM-004
- Decoy receptors: ReN-1820 (TrkAd5)
|
|---|
| TrkB |
- Agonists: 3,7-DHF
- 3,7,8,2'-THF
- 4'-DMA-7,8-DHF
- 7,3'-DHF
- 7,8-DHF
- 7,8,2'-THF
- 7,8,3'-THF
- Amitriptyline
- BDNF
- BNN-20
- Deoxygedunin
- Deprenyl
- Diosmetin
- DMAQ-B1
- HIOC
- LM22A-4
- N-Acetylserotonin
- NT-3
- NT-4
- Norwogonin (5,7,8-THF)
- R7
- R13
- TDP6
- Antagonists: ANA-12
- Cyclotraxin B
- Gossypetin (3,5,7,8,3',4'-HHF)
- Kinase inhibitors: Altiratinib
- AZD-6918
- CE-245677
- CH-7057288
- DS-6051
- Entrectinib
- GZ-389988
- K252a
- Larotrectinib
- Lestaurtinib
- ONO-4474
- ONO-5390556
- PLX-7486
|
|---|
| TrkC |
- Agonists: BNN-20
- DHEA
- NT-3
- Kinase inhibitors: Altiratinib
- AZD-6918
- CE-245677
- CH-7057288
- DS-6051
- Entrectinib
- GZ-389988
- K252a
- Larotrectinib
- Lestaurtinib
- ONO-4474
- ONO-5390556
- PLX-7486
|
|---|
|
|---|
| VEGF |
- Agonists: Placental growth factor (PGF)
- Telbermin
- VEGF (A, B, C, D (FIGF))
- Allosteric modulators: Cyclotraxin B
- Kinase inhibitors: Agerafenib
- Altiratinib
- Axitinib
- Cabozantinib
- Cediranib
- Lapatinib
- Lenvatinib
- Motesanib
- Nintedanib
- Pazopanib
- Pegaptanib
- Rebastinib
- Regorafenib
- Semaxanib
- Sorafenib
- Sunitinib
- Toceranib
- Tivozanib
- Vandetanib
- WHI-P 154
- Antibodies: Alacizumab pegol
- Bevacizumab
- Icrucumab
- Ramucirumab
- Ranibizumab
- Decoy receptors: Aflibercept
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| Others |
- Additional growth factors: Adrenomedullin
- Colony-stimulating factors (see here instead)
- Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)
- Ephrins (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, B1, B2, B3)
- Erythropoietin (see here instead)
- Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI; PGI, PHI, AMF)
- Glia maturation factor (GMF)
- Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF)
- Interleukins/T-cell growth factors (see here instead)
- Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)
- Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP; HLP, HGFLP)
- Midkine (NEGF2)
- Migration-stimulating factor (MSF; PRG4)
- Oncomodulin
- Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)
- Pleiotrophin
- Renalase
- Thrombopoietin (see here instead)
- Wnt signaling proteins
- Additional growth factor receptor modulators: Cerebrolysin (neurotrophin mixture)
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- See also
- Receptor/signaling modulators
- Signaling peptide/protein receptor modulators
- Cytokine receptor modulators
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