WordNet

be worthy of or have a certain rating; "This bond rates highly"
amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis; "a 10-minute phone call at that rate would cost $5" (同)charge per unit
a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit; "they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour"; "the rate of change was faster than expected"
a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure; "the literacy rate"; "the retention rate"; "the dropout rate"
assign a rank or rating to; "how would you rank these students?"; "The restaurant is rated highly in the food guide" (同)rank, range, order, grade, place
estimate the value of; "How would you rate his chances to become President?"; "Gold was rated highly among the Romans" (同)value
judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or time); "I estimate this chicken to weigh three pounds" (同)gauge, approximate, guess, judge
a judgment of the qualities of something or somebody; "many factors are involved in any estimate of human life"; "in my estimation the boy is innocent" (同)estimation
the respect with which a person is held; "they had a high estimation of his ability" (同)estimation
an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth; "an estimate of what it would cost"; "a rough idea how long it would take" (同)estimation, approximation, idea
a statement indicating the likely cost of some job; "he got an estimate from the car repair shop"
give (hair) the appearance of being fuller by using a rat
a pad (usually made of hair) worn as part of a womans coiffure
any of various long-tailed rodents similar to but larger than a mouse
catch rats, especially with dogs
desert ones party or group of friends, for example, for ones personal advantage
employ scabs or strike breakers in
the process whereby fluids pass through a filter or a filtering medium
the act of changing a fluid by passing it through a filter
standing or position on a scale

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『割合』,『率』 / 〈C〉《the~,a~》『速度』(speed),進度 / 〈C〉『値段』,『相場』;料金 / 〈U〉等級(class),(…)等 / 《複数形ぃ》《英》地方税 / (…の金額に)…‘の'『値段を決める』,見積もる《+『名』+『at』+『名』》 / …‘を'『評価する』,みなす / 《米話》…‘に'値する,‘の'価値がある / 『評価される』;みなされる
…‘を'どなりつける
…‘を'『見積る』,概算する / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈人物・状況など〉‘を'『評価する』・判断する / (…を)見積る《+『for』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(寸法・数量・価値などの)『見積り』,概算,評価[額];見積書《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉評価,評定《+『of』+『名』》
『ネズミ』 / ひきょう者,裏切り者 / ネズミをつかまえる / 《話》(人を)裏切る,密告する《+『on』+『名』〈人〉》
ろ過,ろ過作用
〈C〉〈U〉（品質・技量などによる）格づけ,評価 / 〈C〉（個人・会社の経済的な）信用度 / 〈C〉(トン・馬力による)(船舶・車)の等級 / 〈C〉(テレビ・ラジオの)視聴率

UpToDate Contents

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1. 腎機能の評価 assessment of kidney function
2. 成人における抗癌剤の投与 dosing of anticancer agents in adults
3. 2型糖尿病の治療のためのジペプチジルペプチダーゼ4（DPP-4）阻害剤 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 dpp 4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
4. 老化する腎臓 the aging kidney
5. 成人における慢性腎臓病の定義および病期分類 definition and staging of chronic kidney disease in adults

English Journal

Renal impairment among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis from a large health plan in Israel.

Yu J1, Goldshtein I, Shalev V, Chodick G, Ish-Shalom S, Sharon O, Modi A.
Archives of osteoporosis.Arch Osteoporos.2015 Dec;10(1):210. doi: 10.1007/s11657-015-0210-y. Epub 2015 Mar 10.
Bisphosphonates are a first-line treatment for osteoporosis but require adequate renal function. We estimated the prevalence of renal impairment among osteoporotic women in Israeli. Approximately 2.3 % of women had renal impairment at a level that makes them inappropriate for bisphosphonate use, dem
PMID 25753617

LEADER 2: baseline calcitonin in 9340 people with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of cardiovascular outcome Results (LEADER) trial: preliminary observations.

Daniels GH1, Hegedüs L, Marso SP, Nauck MA, Zinman B, Bergenstal RM, Mann JF, Derving Karsbøl J, Moses AC, Buse JB, Tuttle RM; LEADER trial investigators.
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism.Diabetes Obes Metab.2015 May;17(5):477-86. doi: 10.1111/dom.12444. Epub 2015 Feb 23.
AIMS: To report preliminary data on baseline serum calcitonin concentrations and associated clinical characteristics in a global population with type 2 diabetes before liraglutide or placebo randomization.METHODS: The ongoing LEADER trial has enrolled 9340 people with type 2 diabetes and at high ris
PMID 25656058

Association of genetic variants with dyslipidemia and chronic kidney disease in a longitudinal population-based genetic epidemiological study.

Yamada Y1, Matsui K2, Takeuchi I2, Fujimaki T3.
International journal of molecular medicine.Int J Mol Med.2015 May;35(5):1290-300. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2152. Epub 2015 Mar 20.
We previously identified 9 genes and chromosomal region 3q28 as susceptibility loci for myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Japanese individuals by genome‑wide or candidate gene association studies. In the present study, we examined the association of 13
PMID 25813695

Japanese Journal

Japan Diabetic Nephropathy Cohort Study: Study design, methods, and implementation

Furuichi Kengo,Shimizu Miho,Toyama Tadashi,Koya Daisuke,Koshino Yoshitaka,Abe Hideharu,Mori Kiyoshi,Satoh Hiroaki,Imanishi Masahito,Iwano Masayuki,Yamauchi Hiroyuki,Kusano Eiji,Fujimoto Shouichi,Suzuki Yoshiki,Okuda Seiya,Kitagawa Kiyoki,Iwata Yasunori,Kaneko Shuichi,Nishi Shinichi,Yokoyama Hitoshi,Ueda Yoshihiko,Haneda Masakazu,Makino Hirofumi,Wada Takashi
Clinical and Experimental Nephrology 17(6), 819-826, 2013-12
… Median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 33.3 ml/min/1.73 m2. …
NAID 120005368210

Association of arteriosclerosis with early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease without respiratory symptoms

野池博文,杉山佑公,飯塚卓夫,清水一寛,高橋真生,鈴木理代,平野圭一,美甘周史,中神隆洋,清川甫,佐藤修司,黒須巧,川島辰男
東邦医学会雑誌 60(5), 258-266, 2013-09
… To evaluate associations with COPD stage, we evaluated arteriosclerosis markers, including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), carotid artery plaque score (PS), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), an inflammatory marker also known as an arteriosclerosis-promoting factor. …
NAID 120005346166

The Impacts of Albuminuria and Low eGFR on the Risk of Cardiovascular Death, All-Cause Mortality, and Renal Events in Diabetic Patients: Meta-Analysis

Toyama Tadashi,Furuichi Kengo,Ninomiya Toshiharu,Shimizu Miho,Hara Akinori,Iwata Yasunori,Kaneko Shuichi,Wada Takashi
PLoS ONE 8(8), e71810, 2013-08-30
… Background:Precise effects of albuminuria and low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and renal events in diabetic patients are uncertain.Materials and Methods:A systematic review was conducted of the literature through MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINHAL from 1950 to December 2010. …
NAID 120005327232