"Rattus norvegicus" and "Sewer Rat" redirect here. For the album, see Rattus Norvegicus (album). For the roller coaster, see Sewer Rat (roller coaster).
Brown rat |
|
Conservation status |
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
|
Scientific classification |
Kingdom: |
Animalia |
Phylum: |
Chordata |
Subphylum: |
Vertebrata |
Class: |
Mammalia |
Order: |
Rodentia |
Family: |
Muridae |
Subfamily: |
Murinae |
Genus: |
Rattus |
Species: |
R. norvegicus |
Binomial name |
Rattus norvegicus
(Berkenhout, 1769) |
|
Brown rat range |
The brown rat, common rat, street rat, sewer rat, Hanover rat, Norway rat, brown Norway rat, Norwegian rat, wharf rat (Rattus norvegicus), or hood rat is one of the best known and most common rats.
One of the largest muroids, it is a brown or grey rodent with a body up to 25 cm (10 in) long, and a similar tail length; the male weighs on average 350 g (12 oz) and the female 250 g (9 oz). Thought to have originated in northern China, this rodent has now spread to all continents except Antarctica, and is the dominant rat in Europe and much of North America—making it by at least this particular definition the most "successful" mammal on the planet after humans.[2] Indeed, with rare exceptions, the brown rat lives wherever humans live, particularly in urban areas.
Selective breeding of Rattus norvegicus has produced the laboratory rat, a model organism in biological research, as well as pet rats.
Contents
- 1 Naming and etymology
- 2 Description
- 3 Biology and behavior
- 3.1 Communication
- 3.1.1 Chirping
- 3.1.2 Audible communication
- 3.2 Diet
- 3.3 Reproduction and life cycle
- 3.4 Social behavior
- 3.5 Burrowing
- 4 Distribution and habitat
- 4.1 Alaska
- 4.2 Alberta, Canada
- 4.3 New Zealand
- 5 Diseases
- 6 Control
- 6.1 Trapping
- 6.2 Poisoning
- 6.3 Proofing
- 7 In captivity
- 7.1 Uses in science
- 7.2 As pets
- 8 References
- 9 External links
Naming and etymology[edit]
Originally called the "Hanover rat" by people wishing to link problems in 18th century England with the House of Hanover,[3] it is not known for certain why the brown rat is named Rattus norvegicus (Norwegian rat), as it did not originate from Norway. However, the English naturalist John Berkenhout, author of the 1769 book Outlines of the Natural History of Great Britain, is most likely responsible for popularizing the misnomer. Berkenhout gave the brown rat the binomial name Rattus norvegicus, believing it had migrated to England from Norwegian ships in 1728, although no brown rat had entered Norway at that time.
By the early to middle part of the 19th century, British academics were aware that the brown rat was not native to Norway, hypothesizing (incorrectly) that it may have come from Ireland, Gibraltar or across the English Channel with William the Conqueror.[4] As early as 1850, however,a more correct understanding of the rat's origins was beginning to develop.[5] The British novelist Charles Dickens acknowledged the misnomer in his weekly journal, All the Year Round, writing:
"Now there is a mystery about the native country of the best known species of rat, the common brown rat. It is frequently called, in books and otherwise, the 'Norway rat', and it is said to have been imported into this country in a ship-load of timber from Norway. Against this hypothesis stands the fact that when the brown rat had become common in this country, it was unknown in Norway, although there was a small animal like a rat, but really a lemming, which made its home there."[6]
Academics began to understand the origins and corrected etymology of the brown rat towards the end of the 19th century, as seen in the 1895 text Natural History by American scholar Alfred Henry Miles:
"The brown rat is the species common in England, and best known throughout the world. It is said to have travelled from Persia to England less than two hundred years ago and to have spread from thence to other countries visited by English ships."[7]
Though the assumptions surrounding this species' origins were not yet entirely accurate, by the 20th century, it was established among naturalists that the brown rat did not originate in Norway, rather the species came from central Asia and (likely) China.[8] Despite this, this species' common name of "Norway rat" is still in use today.
Description[edit]
Comparison of the physique of a black rat (
Rattus rattus) with a brown rat (
Rattus norvegicus)
The fur is coarse and usually brown or dark grey, while the underparts are lighter grey or brown. The length can be up to 25 cm (10 in), with the tail a further 25 cm (10 in), the same length as the body. Adult body weight averages 550 g (19 oz) in males and about 350 g (12 oz) in females, but a very large individual can reach 900 g (32 oz). Rats weighing over 1 kg (2.2 lb) are exceptional, and stories of rats as big as cats are exaggerations, or misidentifications of other rodents, such as the coypu and muskrat.
Brown rats have acute hearing, are sensitive to ultrasound, and possess a very highly developed olfactory sense. Their average heart rate is 300 to 400 beats per minute, with a respiratory rate of around 100 per minute. The vision of a pigmented rat is poor, around 20/600, while a non-pigmented (albino) with no melanin in its eyes has both around 20/1200 vision and a terrible scattering of light within its vision. Brown rats are dichromates which perceive colors rather like a human with red-green colorblindness, and their colour saturation may be quite faint. Their blue perception, however, also has UV receptors, allowing them to see ultraviolet lights that some species cannot.[9]
Biology and behavior[edit]
The brown rat is nocturnal and is a good swimmer, both on the surface and underwater, but unlike the related black rat (Rattus rattus), it is a poor climber. Brown rats dig well, and often excavate extensive burrow systems. A 2007 study found brown rats to possess metacognition, a mental ability previously only found in humans and some primates,[10] but further analysis suggested they may have been following simple operant conditioning principles.[11]
Communication[edit]
Brown rats are capable of producing ultrasonic vocalizations. As pups, young rats use different types of ultrasonic cries to elicit and direct maternal search behavior,[12] as well as to regulate their mother's movements in the nest.[13] Although pups will produce ultrasounds around any other rats at 7 days old, by 14 days old they significantly reduce ultrasound production around male rats as a defensive response.[14] Adult rats will emit ultrasonic vocalizations in response to predators or perceived danger;[15] the frequency and duration of such cries depends on the sex and reproductive status of the rat.[16][17] The female rat will also emit ultrasonic vocalizations during mating.[18]
Chirping[edit]
Rats may also emit short, high frequency, ultrasonic, socially induced vocalization during rough and tumble play, before receiving morphine, or mating, and when tickled. The vocalization, described as a distinct "chirping", has been likened to laughter, and is interpreted as an expectation of something rewarding.[19] Like most rat vocalizations, the chirping is too high in pitch for humans to hear without special equipment. Bat detectors are often used by pet owners for this purpose.
In clinical studies, the chirping is associated with positive emotional feelings, and social bonding occurs with the tickler, resulting in the rats becoming conditioned to seek the tickling. However, as the rats age, the tendency to chirp appears to decline.[20]
Rat chirp also can be used for mosquito control.[citation needed]
Other ultrasonic vocalizations, including a lower-frequency 'boom' or 'whoom' noise can be produced by bucks in a calm state, when grooming or settling down to sleep.[citation needed]
Audible communication[edit]
Brown rats also produce communicative noises capable of being heard by humans. The most commonly heard in domestic rats is bruxing, or teeth-grinding, which is most usually triggered by happiness, but can also be 'self-comforting' in stressful situations, such as a visit to the vet. The noise is best described as either a quick clicking or 'burring' sound, varying from animal to animal.
In addition, they commonly squeak along a range of tones from high, abrupt pain squeaks to soft, persistent 'singing' sounds during confrontations.
Diet[edit]
The brown rat is a true omnivore and will consume almost anything, but cereals form a substantial part of its diet.
Brown rat eating sunflower seeds
Martin Schein, founder of the Animal Behavior Society in 1964, studied the diet of brown rats and came to the conclusion that the most-liked foods of brown rats include scrambled eggs, macaroni and cheese, and cooked corn kernels. According to Schein, the least-liked foods were raw beets, peaches, and raw celery.[21]
Foraging behavior is often population-specific, and varies by environment and food source.[2] Brown rats living near a hatchery in West Virginia catch fingerling fish.[22] Some colonies along the banks of the Po River in Italy will dive for mollusks,[23][24] a practice demonstrating social learning among members of this species.[25] Rats on the island of Norderoog in the North Sea stalk and kill sparrows and ducks.[26]
Reproduction and life cycle[edit]
The brown rat can breed throughout the year if conditions are suitable, with a female producing up to five litters a year. The gestation period is only 21 days, and litters can number up to 14, although seven is common. They reach sexual maturity in about five weeks. The maximum life span is up to three years, although most barely manage one. A yearly mortality rate of 95% is estimated, with predators and interspecies conflict as major causes.
When lactating, female rats display a 24-hour rhythm of maternal behavior, and will usually spend more time attending to smaller litters than large ones.[27]
Brown rats live in large, hierarchical groups, either in burrows or subsurface places, such as sewers and cellars. When food is in short supply, the rats lower in social order are the first to die. If a large fraction of a rat population is exterminated, the remaining rats will increase their reproductive rate, and quickly restore the old population level.[citation needed]
Social behavior[edit]
Rats commonly groom each other and sleep together.[28] As with dogs, rats create a social hierarchy, and each rat has its own place in the pack. Rats are said to establish an order of hierarchy, so one rat will be dominant over another one.[29] Groups of rats tend to "play fight", which can involve any combination of jumping, chasing, tumbling, and "boxing". Play fighting involves rats going for each other's necks, while serious fighting involves strikes at the others' back ends.[30] If living space become limited, rats may turn to aggressive behavior, which may result in the death of some animals, reducing the burden over the living space.
Rats like most mammals also form family groups, a mother and her young.[31] This applies to both groups of males and females. However, rats are territorial animals, meaning that they usually act aggressively or scared of strange rats. Rats will fluff up their hair, hiss, squeal, and move their tails around when defending their territory.[32] Rats will chase each other, groom each other, sleep in group nests, wrestle with each other, have dominance squabbles, communicate, and play in various other ways with each other.[32] Huddling is an additional important part of rat socialization. Huddling is often supposed to have a heat-conserving function. Nestling rats especially depend on heat from their mother, since they cannot regulate their own temperature. Huddling is an extreme form of herding. Other forms of interaction include, crawling under, which is literally the act of crawling underneath one another,walking over, also explained in the name, then there is allo-grooming, so-called to distinguish it from self-grooming. And lastly there is another type of contact called nosing, where a rat gently pushes with its nose at another rat near the neck.[31]
Burrowing[edit]
Rats are known to burrow extensively, both in the wild and in captivity, if given access to a suitable substrate.[33] Rats generally begin a new burrow adjacent to an object or structure, as this provides a sturdy "roof" for the section of the burrow nearest to the ground's surface.[34] Burrows usually develop to eventually include multiple levels of tunnels, as well as a secondary entrance.[33] Older male rats will generally not burrow, while young males and females will burrow vigorously.[33][35]
Burrows provide rats with shelter and food storage, as well as safe, thermo-regulated nest sites.[33] Rats use their burrows to escape from perceived threats in the surrounding environment; for example, rats will retreat to their burrows following a sudden, loud noise or while fleeing an intruder.[36] Burrowing can therefore be described as a "pre-encounter defensive behavior", as opposed to a "post-encounter defensive behavior", such as flight, freezing, or avoidance of a threatening stimulus.
Distribution and habitat[edit]
Likely originating from the plains of Asia, northern China and Mongolia, the brown rat spread to other parts of the world sometime in the Middle Ages.[37][38][39] The question of when brown rats became commensal with humans remains unsettled, but as a species, they have spread and established themselves along routes of human migration and now live almost everywhere humans are. .[40]
The brown rat may have been present in Europe as early as 1553, a conclusion drawn from an illustration and description by Swiss naturalist Conrad Gesner in his book Historiae animalium, published 1551–1558.[41] Though Gesner's description could apply to the black rat, his mention of a large percentage of albino specimens—not uncommon among wild populations of brown rats—adds credibility to this conclusion.[42] Reliable reports dating to the 18th century document the presence of the brown rat in Ireland in 1722, England in 1730, France in 1735, Germany in 1750, and Spain in 1800,[42] becoming widespread during the Industrial Revolution.[43] It did not reach North America until around 1750–1755.[41][44]
As it spread from Asia, the brown rat generally displaced the black rat in areas where humans lived. In addition to being larger and more aggressive, the change from wooden structures and thatched roofs to bricked and tiled buildings favored the burrowing brown rats over the arboreal black rats. In addition, brown rats eat a wider variety of foods, and are more resistant to weather extremes.[45]
In the absence of humans, brown rats prefer damp environments, such as river banks.[43] However, the great majority are now linked to man-made environments, such as sewage systems.
Brown rat in a flower box in the East Village of New York City
It is often said that there are as many rats in cities as people, but this varies from area to area depending on climate, living conditions, etc. Brown rats in cities tend not to wander extensively, often staying within 20 m (66 ft) of their nest if a suitable concentrated food supply is available, but they will range more widely where food availability is lower. There is great debate over the size of the population of rats in New York City, with estimates from almost 100 million rats to as few as 250,000.[46] Experts suggest New York is a particularly attractive place for rats because of its aging infrastructure, high moisture and poverty rates.[46] In addition to sewers, rats are very comfortable living in alleyways and residential buildings, as there is usually a large and continuous food source in those areas.[47]
In the United Kingdom, some figures show the rat population has been rising, with estimations that 81 million rats reside in the UK.[48] Those figures would mean there are 1.3 rats per person in the country. High rat populations in the UK are often attributed to the mild climate, which allow them higher survival rates during the winter months.
The only brown rat-free zones in the world are the Arctic, the Antarctic, some especially isolated islands, such as Iceland, the province of Alberta in Canada,[49] and certain conservation areas in New Zealand.[50][51]
Antarctica is almost completely covered by ice and has no permanent human inhabitants, making it uninhabitable by rats. The Arctic has extremely cold winters that rats cannot survive outdoors, and the human population density is extremely low, making it difficult for rats to travel from one habitation to another. When the occasional rat infestation is noticed and eliminated, the rats are unable to reinfest it from an adjacent one. Isolated islands are also able to eliminate rat populations because of low human population density and geographic distance from other rat populations.
Alaska[edit]
Rat Island in Alaska was infested with brown rats after a Japanese shipwreck in 1780. They had a devastating effect on the native bird life. An eradication program was started in 2007 and the island was declared rat free in June 2009.
Alberta, Canada[edit]
Alberta, Canada, is unusual in that rat infestation was eliminated by aggressive government action. Although it is a major agricultural area, it is far from any seaport and only a portion of its eastern boundary with Saskatchewan provides a favorable entry route for rats. They cannot survive in the boreal forest to the north, the Rocky Mountains to the west, nor the semiarid High Plains of Montana to the south. The first brown rat did not reach Alberta until 1950, and in 1951, the province launched a rat-control program that included shooting and poisoning rats, and bulldozing, burning down, and blowing up rat-infested buildings. The effort was backed by legislation that required every person and every municipality to destroy and prevent the establishment of designated pests. If they failed, the provincial government could carry out the necessary measures and charge the costs to the landowner or municipality.[52]
In the first year of the program, 64 tonnes (71 short tons) of arsenic trioxide were spread throughout 8,000 buildings on farms along the Saskatchewan border. In 1953, the much less toxic and more effective poison, warfarin, was introduced. By 1960, the number of rat infestations in Alberta dropped to below 200 per year.[53]
Currently, only zoos, universities, and research institutes are allowed to own caged rats in Alberta, and possession of an unlicensed rat (including pet rats) is punishable by a $5,000 fine or 60 days in jail. The adjacent and similarly landlocked province of Saskatchewan initiated a rat control program in 1972, and has managed to reduce the number of rats in the province substantially, although they have not been eliminated.[54]
New Zealand[edit]
First arriving before 1800 (perhaps on James Cook's vessels),[55] brown rats have posed a serious threat to many of New Zealand's native animals. Rat eradication programmes within New Zealand have led to rat-free zones on offshore islands and even on fenced "ecological islands" on the mainland. Before an eradication effort was launched in 2001, the sub-Antarctic Campbell Island had the highest population density of brown rats in the world.[56]
Diseases[edit]
Similar to other rodents, brown rats may carry a number of pathogens,[57] which can result in disease, including Weil's disease, rat bite fever, cryptosporidiosis, viral hemorrhagic fever, Q fever and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. In the United Kingdom, brown rats are an important reservoir for Coxiella burnetii, the bacterium that causes Q fever, with seroprevalence for the bacteria found to be as high as 53% in some wild populations.[58]
This species can also serve as a reservoir for Toxoplasma gondii, the parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, though the disease usually spreads from rats to humans when domestic cats feed on infected brown rats.[59] The parasite has a long history with the brown rat, and there are indications that the parasite has evolved to alter an infected rat's perception to cat predation, making it more susceptible to predation and increasing the likelihood of transmission.[60]
Surveys and specimens of brown rat populations throughout the world have shown this species is often associated with outbreaks of trichinosis,[61][62] but the extent to which the brown rat is responsible in transmitting Trichinella larvae to humans and other synanthropic animals is at least somewhat debatable.[63] Trichinella pseudospiralis, a parasite previously not considered to be a potential pathogen in humans or domestic animals, has been found to be pathogenic in humans and carried by brown rats.[64]
Brown rats are sometimes mistakenly thought to be a major reservoir of bubonic plague, a possible cause of the Black Death. However, the bacterium responsible, Yersinia pestis, is commonly endemic in only a few rodent species and is usually transmitted zoonotically by rat fleas—common carrier rodents today include ground squirrels and wood rats. However, brown rats may suffer from plague, as can many nonrodent species, including dogs, cats, and humans.[65] The original carrier for the plague-infected fleas thought to be responsible for the Black Death was the black rat, and it has been hypothesized that the displacement of black rats by brown rats led to the decline of bubonic plague.[66] This theory has, however, been deprecated, as the dates of these displacements do not match the increases and decreases in plague outbreaks.[67]
Control[edit]
Some of the common methods used to control the number of Brown rats include:
Trapping[edit]
Using traditional break-back traps, glue traps, live cage traps and other humane traps, such as guns and gas
Poisoning[edit]
There are many types of poison available for the purpose of controlling the Brown rat. The use of poison is controlled in most of the countries in the world so it is important to check local laws.
Proofing[edit]
Prevention is the best cure. There are ways to stop the infestation occurring at the first place, such as blocking access points, better waste management, better sewage design.
In captivity[edit]
Uses in science[edit]
Main article: Laboratory rat
Selective breeding of albino brown rats rescued from being killed in a now-outlawed sport called rat baiting has produced the albino laboratory rat.[68] Like mice, these rats are frequently subjects of medical, psychological and other biological experiments, and constitute an important model organism. This is because they grow quickly to sexual maturity and are easy to keep and to breed in captivity. When modern biologists refer to "rats", they almost always mean Rattus norvegicus.
As pets[edit]
Main article: Fancy rat
The brown rat is kept as a pet in many parts of the world. Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States are just a few of the countries that have formed fancy rat associations similar in nature to the American Kennel Club, establishing standards, orchestrating events, and promoting responsible pet ownership.
The many different types of domesticated brown rats include variations in coat patterns, as well as the style of the coat, such as Hairless or Rex, and more recently developed variations in body size and structure, including dwarf and tailless fancy rats.
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- ^ "NZ routs island rats". BBC News. 26 May 2003. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ Meerburg BG, Singleton GR, Kijlstra A (2009). "Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health". Crit Rev Microbiol 35 (3): 221–70. doi:10.1080/10408410902989837. PMID 19548807.
- ^ Webster, JP, Lloyd, G, Macdonald, DW. (1995). "Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) reservoir in wild brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) populations in the UK.". Parasitology 110: 31–55. doi:10.1017/S0031182000081014.
- ^ Dubeya, J. P.; Frenkel, J. K. (1998). "Toxoplasmosis of rats: a review, with considerations of their value as an animal model and their possible role in epidemiology". Veterinary Parasitology. 77 (1): 1–32. doi:10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00227-6. PMID 9652380.
- ^ Berdoy, M; Webster, JP; MacDonald, DW (2000). "Fatal attraction in rats infected with Toxoplasma gondii." (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B 267 (1452): 1591–1594. doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1182. JSTOR 2665707. PMC 1690701. PMID 11007336.
- ^ Samuel et al. (2001) Parasitic Diseases of Wild Mammals. Blackwell Publishing. pp. 380–393. ISBN 0-8138-2978-X.
- ^ Leiby, D. A., Duffy, C. H., Darwin Murrell, K., Schad, G. A. (1990). "Trichinella spiralis in an Agricultural Ecosystem: Transmission in the Rat Population". The Journal of Parasitology. 76 (3): 360–364. doi:10.2307/3282667. JSTOR 3282667.
- ^ Stojcevic, D, Zivicnjak, T, Marinculic, A, Marucci, G, Andelko, G, Brstilo, M, Pavo, L, Pozio, E (2004). "The Epidemiological Investigation of Trichinella Infection in Brown Rats (Rattus norvegicus) and Domestic Pigs in Croatia Suggests That Rats are not a Reservoir at the Farm Level". Journal of Parasitology 90 (3): 666–670. doi:10.1645/GE-158R. PMID 15270124.
- ^ Ranque, S; Faugère, B; Pozio, E; La Rosa, G; Tamburrini, A; Pellissier, JF; Brouqui, P (2000). "Trichinella pseudospiralis outbreak in France.". Emerging Infectious Diseases 6 (5): 543–547. doi:10.3201/eid0605.000517. PMC 2627956. PMID 10998388.
- ^ "Merck Veterinary Manual". Retrieved 2010-01-11.
- ^ See e.g.,
- John M. Last. "Black Death", Encyclopedia of Public Health, eNotes website. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
- Ethne Barnes. Diseases and Human Evolution, University of New Mexico Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-8263-3066-6, p. 247.
- ^ See e.g.:
- Alfred J. Bollet. Plagues & Poxes: The Impact of Human History on Epidemic Disease, Demos Medical Publishing, 2004, ISBN 978-1-888799-79-8, p. 23.
- Tracy Hamler Carrick, Nancy Carrick, Lawrence Finsen. The Persuasive Pen: An Integrated Approach to Reasoning and Writing, Jones and Bartlett Learning, 1997, ISBN 978-0-7637-0234-2, p. 162.
- J. N. Hays. Epidemics and Pandemics: Their Impacts on Human History, ABC-CLIO, 2005, ISBN 978-1-85109-658-9, p. 64.
- ^ Baker, Henry J.; Lindsey, J. Russel; Weisbroth, Steven H. (1979). The laboratory rat: volume I – biology and diseases. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
External links[edit]
Overviews
- Rat behaviour and biology A detailed set of pages by biologist Anne Hanson
- Norway (Brown) Rat Fact sheet including information on habits, habitat, threats and prevention tips
- Rattus norvegicus at the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
- Life cycle data sheet for Rattus norvegicus written by biologist João Pedro de Magalhães
- Rats and Mice: Overview Online version of the Merck veterinary manual
- ARKive Still photos and videos
- Wild rats – the world's first website and forum (English interface is available) about wild rats, it is the home of a unique interactive JavaScript rat. The English version is expected to be available in 2010.
- Brown rat information page from the EX-PEST website
Rattus norvegicus genome and use as model animal
- Nature: Rat Genome
- Rat genome database
- View the rat genome in Ensembl
Major model organisms in genetics
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- Lambda phage
- E. coli
- Chlamydomonas
- Tetrahymena
- Budding yeast
- Fission yeast
- Neurospora
- Maize
- Arabidopsis
- Medicago truncatula
- C. elegans
- Drosophila
- Xenopus
- Zebrafish
- Rat
- Mouse
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|
Extant species of subfamily Murinae
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Kingdom: Animalia · Phylum: Chordata · Class: Mammalia · Superorder: Euarchontoglires · Order: Rodentia · Family: Muridae
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Aethomys, Apodemus, Arvicanthis, Chrotomys divisions |
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Aethomys
Division |
Aethomys
(Bush rats)
|
Bocage's rock rat (A. bocagei) · red rock rat (A. chrysophilus) · Grant's rock rat (A. (Micaelamys) granti) · Hinde's rock rat (A. hindei) · Tete Veld aethomys (A. ineptus) · Kaiser's rock rat (A. kaiseri) · Namaqua rock rat (A. (Micaelamys) namaquensis) · Nyika rock rat (A. nyikae) · Silinda rock rat (A. silindensis) · Tinfields rock rat (A. stannarius) · Thomas's rock rat (A. thomasi)
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Apodemus
Division |
Apodemus
(Old world
field mice)
|
striped field mouse (A. agrarius) · Alpine field mouse (A. alpicola) · small Japanese field mouse (A. argenteus) · A. avicennicus · Chevrier's field mouse (A. chevrieri) · South China field mouse (A. draco) · yellow-necked mouse (A. flavicollis) · Himalayan field mouse (A. gurkha) · Caucasus field mouse (A. hyrcanicus) · Sichuan field mouse (A. latronum) · pygmy field mouse (A. microps) · broad-toothed field mouse (A. mystacinus) · Western broad-toothed field mouse (A. (mystacinus) epimelas) · Ward's field mouse (A. pallipes) · Korean field mouse (A. peninsulae) · Black Sea field mouse (A. ponticus) · Kashmir field mouse (A. rusiges) · Taiwan field mouse (A. semotus) · large Japanese field mouse (A. speciosus) · wood mouse (A. sylvaticus) · Ural field mouse (A. uralensis ) · Steppe field mouse (A. witherbyi)
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Tokudaia
(Ryukyu spiny rats)
|
Muennink's spiny rat (T. muenninki) · Ryukyu spiny rat (T. osimensis) · Tokunoshima spiny rat (T. tokunoshimensis)
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Arvicanthis
Division |
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Arvicanthis
(Unstriped
grass mice)
|
Abyssinian grass rat (A. abyssinicus) · Sudanian grass rat (A. ansorgei) · Blick's grass rat (A. blicki) · Nairobi grass rat (A. nairobae) · Neumann's grass rat (A. neumanni) · African grass rat (A. niloticus) · Guinean grass rat (A. rufinus)
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Desmomys
|
Harrington's rat (D. harringtoni) · Yalden's rat (D. yaldeni)
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Lemniscomys
(Striped
grass mice)
|
Barbary striped grass mouse (L. barbarus) · Bellier's striped grass mouse (L. bellieri) · Griselda's striped grass mouse (L. griselda) · Hoogstraal's striped grass mouse (L. hoogstraali) · Senegal one-striped grass mouse (L. linulus) · Buffoon striped grass mouse (L. macculus) · Mittendorf's striped grass mouse (L. mittendorfi) · single-striped grass mouse (L. rosalia) · Rosevear's striped grass mouse (L. roseveari) · typical striped grass mouse (L. striatus) · Heuglin's striped grass mouse (L. zebra)
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Mylomys
|
African groove-toothed rat (M. dybowskii) · Mylomys rex
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Pelomys
(Groove-toothed
creek rats)
|
Bell groove-toothed swamp sat (P. campanae) · Creek groove-toothed swamp rat (P. fallax) · Hopkins's groove-toothed swamp rat (P. hopkinsi) · Issel's groove-toothed swamp rat (P. isseli) · least groove-toothed swamp rat (P. minor)
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Rhabdomys
|
R. dilectus · four-striped grass mouse (R. pumilio)
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Chrotomys
Division |
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Apomys
|
Luzon Cordillera forest mouse (A. abrae) · Camiguin forest mouse (A. camiguinensis) · Luzon montane forest mouse (A. datae) · large Mindoro forest mouse (A. gracilirostris) · Mount Apo forest mouse (A. hylocoetes) · Mindanao montane forest mouse (A. insignis) · Mindanao lowland forest mouse (A. littoralis) · small Luzon forest mouse (A. microdon) · least forest mouse (A. musculus) · long-nosed Luzon forest mouse (A. sacobianus)
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Archboldomys
(Mount Isarog
shrew rats)
|
Mount Isarog shrew mouse (A. luzonensis) · Sierra Madre shrew mouse (A. musseri) · Cordillera shrew mouse (A. kalinga)
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Chrotomys
(Luzon
striped rats)
|
Luzon striped rat (C. whiteheadi) · Mindoro striped rat (C. mindorensis) · Isarog striped shrew-rat (C. gonzalesi) · blazed Luzon shrew rat (C. silaceus) · Sibuyan striped shrew rat (C. sibuyanensis)
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Rhynchomys
(Shrewlike rats)
|
Banahao shrew rat (R. banahao) · Isarog shrew rat (R. isarogensis) · Mount Data shrew rat (R. soricoides) · Tapulao shrew rat (R. tapulao)
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Colomys, Crunomys, Dacnomys, Dasymys, Dasymys, Echiothrix, Golunda divisions |
|
Colomys
Division |
Colomys
|
African wading rat (C. goslingi)
|
|
Nilopegamys
|
Ethiopian amphibious rat (N. plumbeus)
|
|
Zelotomys
(Stink mice)
|
Hildegarde's broad-headed mouse (Z. hildegardeae) · Woosnam's broad-headed mouse (Z. woosnami)
|
|
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Crunomys
Division |
|
Crunomys
|
Celebes shrew rat (C. celebensis) · Northern Luzon shrew rat (C. fallax) · Mindanao shrew rat (C. melanius) · Katanglad shrew mouse (C. suncoides)
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Sommeromys
|
Sommer's Sulawesi rat (S. macrorhinos)
|
|
|
Dacnomys
Division |
|
Anonymomys
|
Mindoro climbing rat (A. mindorensis)
|
|
Chiromyscus
|
Fea's tree rat (C. chiropus)
|
|
Dacnomys
|
Millard's rat (D. millardi)
|
|
Leopoldamys
(Long-tailed
giant rats)
|
Sundaic mountain long-tailed giant rat (L. ciliatus) · Edwards's long-tailed giant rat (L. edwardsi) · Millet's long-tailed giant rat (L. milleti) · Neill's long-tailed giant rat (L. neilli) · Long-tailed giant rat (L. sabanus) · Mentawai long-tailed giant rat (L. siporanus)
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Niviventer
(White-bellied rats)
|
Anderson's white-bellied rat (N. andersoni) · Brahma white-bellied rat (N. brahma) · Cameron Highlands white-bellied rat (N. cameroni) · Chinese white-bellied rat (N. confucianus) · Coxing's white-bellied rat (N. coninga) · Dark-tailed tree rat (N. cremoriventer) · Oldfield white-bellied rat (N. culturatus) · Smoke-bellied rat (N. eha) · Large white-bellied rat (N. excelsior) · Montane Sumatran white-bellied rat (N. fraternus) · Chestnut white-bellied rat (N. fulvescens) · Limestone rat (N. hinpoon) · Lang Bian white-bellied rat (N. langbianis) · Narrow-tailed white-bellied rat (N. lepturus) · Hainan white-bellied rat (N. lotipes) · White-bellied rat (N. niviventer) · Long-tailed mountain rat (N. rapit) · Tenasserim white-bellied rat (N. tenaster)
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Saxatilomys
|
Paulina;s limestone rat (S. paulinae)
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Srilankamys
|
Ohiya rat (S. ohiensis)
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Tonkinomys
|
Daovantien's limestone rat (T. daovantieni)
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Dasymys
Division |
|
Dasymys
(Shaggy
swamp rats)
|
Glover Allen's shaggy rat (D. alleni) · Crawford-Cabral's shaggy rat (D. cabrali) · Fox's shaggy rat (D. foxi) · African marsh rat (D. incomtus) · Montane shaggy rat (D. montanus) · Angolan marsh rat (D. nudipes) · Robert's shaggy rat (D. robertsii) · West African shaggy rat (D. rufulus) · Rwandan shaggy rat (D. rwandae) · D. shortridgei · Tanzanian shaggy rat (D. sua)
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Echiothrix
Division |
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Echiothrix
|
Central Sulawesi spiny rat (E. centrosa) · Sulawesi spiny rat (E. leucura)
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Golunda
Division |
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Golunda
|
Indian bush rat (G. ellioti)
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Hadromys, Hybomys, Hydromys, Lorentzimys, Malacomys, Maxomys divisions |
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Hadromys
Division |
Hadromys
(Manipur bush rat)
|
Manipur bush rat (H. humei) · H. loujacobsi · Yunnan bush rat (H. yunnanensis)
|
|
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Hybomys
Division |
Dephomys
(Defua rats)
|
Defua rat (D. defua) · Ivory Coast rat (D. eburneae)
|
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Hybomys
(Hump-nosed mice)
|
Eisentraut's striped mouse (H. badius) · Father Basilio's striped mouse (H. basilii) · Moon striped mouse (H. lunaris) · Miller's striped mouse (H. planifrons) · Temminck's striped mouse (H. trivirgatus) · Peters's striped mouse (H. univittatus)
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Stochomys
|
Target rat (S. longicaudatus)
|
|
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Hydromys
Division |
|
Baiyankamys
|
Mountain water rat (B. habbema) · Shaw Mayer's water rat (B. shawmayeri)
|
|
Crossomys
|
Earless water rat (C. moncktoni)
|
|
Hydromys
(Water rats)
|
Rakali (H. chrysogaster) · Western water rat (H. hussoni) · New Britain water rat (H. neobrittanicus) · Ziegler's water rat (H. ziegleri)
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Microhydromys
|
Southern groove-toothed shrew nouse (M. argenteus) · Northern groove-toothed shrew mouse (M. richardsoni)
|
|
Parahydromys
|
New Guinea waterside rat (P. asper)
|
|
Paraleptomys
|
Northern water rat (P. rufilatus) · Short-haired water rat (P. wilhelmina)
|
|
|
Lorentzimys
Division |
|
Lorentzimys
|
New Guinean jumping mouse (L. nouhuysi)
|
|
|
Malacomys
Division |
|
Malacomys
(Big-eared swamp rats)
|
Cansdale's swamp rat (M. cansdalei) · Edward's swamp rat (M. edwardsi) · Big-eared swamp rat (M. longipes)
|
|
|
Maxomys
Division |
|
Maxomys
(Rajah rats)
|
Mountain spiny rat (M. alticola) · Maxomys baeodon · Bartels's spiny rat (M. bartelsii) · Dollman's spiny rat (M. dollmani) · Hellwald's spiny rat (M. hellwaldii) · Sumatran spiny rat (M. hylomyoides) · Malayan mountain spiny rat (M. inas) · Fat-nosed spiny rat (M. inflatus) · Mo's spiny rat (M. moi) · Musschenbroek's spiny rat (M. musschenbroekii) · Chestnut-bellied spiny rat (M. ochraceiventer) · Pagai spiny rat (M. pagensis) · Palawan spiny rat (M. panglima) · Rajah spiny rat (M. rajah) · Red spiny rat (M. surifer) · Watts's spiny rat (M. wattsi) · Whitehead's spiny rat (M. whiteheadi)
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Melasmothrix, Micromys, Millardia, Mus divisions |
|
Melasmothrix
Division |
Melasmothrix
|
Sulawesian shrew rat (M. naso)
|
|
Tateomys
(Greater Sulawesian
shrew rats)
|
Long-tailed shrew tat (T. macrocercus) · Tate's shrew rat (T. rhinogradoides)
|
|
|
Micromys
Division |
Chiropodomys
(Pencil-tailed
tree mice)
|
Palawan pencil-tailed tree mouse (C. calamianensis) · Indomalayan pencil-tailed tree mouse (C. gliroides) · Koopman's pencil-tailed tree mouse (C. karlkoopmani) · Large pencil-tailed tree mouse (C. major) · Gray-bellied pencil-tailed tree mouse (C. muroides) · Small pencil-tailed tree mouse (C. pusillus)
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Haeromys
(Pygmy tree mice)
|
Ranee mouse (H. margarettae) · Minahassa Ranee mouse (H. minahassae) · Lesser Ranee mouse (H. pusillus)
|
|
Hapalomys
(Marmoset rats)
|
Delacour's marmoset rat (H. delacouri) · Marmoset rat (H. longicaudatus)
|
|
Micromys
|
Micromys erythrotis · Eurasian harvest mouse (M. minutus)
|
|
Vandeleuria
(Long-tailed
climbing mice)
|
Nilgiri long-tailed tree mouse (V. nilagirica) · Nolthenius's long-tailed climbing mouse (V. nolthenii) · Asiatic long-tailed climbing mouse (V. oleracea)
|
|
Vernaya
|
Red climbing mouse (V. fulva)
|
|
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Millardia
Division |
|
Cremnomys
|
Cutch rat (C. cutchicus) · Elvira rat (C. elvira)
|
|
Diomys
|
Crump's mouse (D. crumpi)
|
|
Madromys
|
Blanford's rat (M. blanfordi)
|
|
Millardia
(Asian
soft-furred rats)
|
Sand-colored soft-furred rat (M. gleadowi) · Miss Ryley's soft-furred rat (M. kathleenae) · Kondana soft-furred rat (M. kondana) · Soft-furred rat (M. meltada)
|
|
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Mus Division |
|
Muriculus
|
Ethiopian striped mouse (M. imberbis)
|
|
Mus
(Typical mice)
|
Subgenus Coelomys: Sumatran shrewlike mouse ( M. crociduroides) · Mayor's mouse ( M. mayori) · Gairdner's shrewmouse ( M. pahari) · Volcano mouse ( M. vulcani)
M. lepidoides group: M. lepidoides
Subgenus Mus: Little Indian field mouse (M. booduga) · Ryukyu mouse (M. caroli) · Fawn-colored mouse (M. cervicolor) · Cook's mouse (M. cookii) · Cypriot mouse (M. cypriacus) · Servant mouse (M. famulus) · Sheath-tailed mouse (M. fragilicauda) · Macedonian mouse (M. macedonicus) · House mouse (M. musculus) · Mus nitidulus · Steppe mouse (M. spicilegus) · Algerian mouse (M. spretus) · Earth-colored mouse (M. terricolor)
Subgenus Nannomys: Baoule's mouse (M. baoulei) · Toad mouse (M. bufo) · Callewaert's mouse (M. callewaerti) · Gounda mouse (M. goundae) · Hausa mouse (M. haussa) · Desert pygmy mouse (M. indutus) · Mahomet mouse (M. mahomet) · Matthey's mouse (M. mattheyi) · African pygmy mouse (M. minutoides) · Temminck's mouse (M. musculoides) · Neave's mouse (M. neavei) · Free State pygmy mouse (M. orangiae) · Oubangui mouse (M. oubanguii) · Peters's mouse (M. setulosus) · Setzer's pygmy mouse (M. setzeri) · Thomas's pygmy mouse (M. sorella) · Delicate mouse (M. tenellus) · Gray-bellied pygmy mouse (M. triton)
Subgenus Pyromys: Ceylon spiny mouse ( M. fernandoni) · Phillips's mouse ( M. phillipsi) · Flat-haired mouse ( M. platythrix) · Rock-loving mouse ( M. saxicola) · Shortridge's mouse ( M. shortridgei)
|
|
|
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|
Oenomys, Phloeomys, Pithecheir divisions |
|
Oenomys
Division |
Grammomys
|
Arid thicket rat (G. aridulus) · G. brevirostris · Bunting's thicket rat (G. buntingi) · Gray-headed thicket rat (G. caniceps) · Mozambique thicket rat (G. cometes) · Woodland thicket rat (G. dolichurus) · Forest thicket rat (G. dryas) · Giant thicket rat (G. gigas) · Ruwenzori thicket rat (G. ibeanus) · Eastern rainforest thicket rat (G. kuru) · Macmillan's thicket rat (G. macmillani) · Ethiopian thicket rat (G. minnae) · Shining thicket rat (G. poensis)
|
|
Lamottemys
|
Mount Oku rat (L. okuensis)
|
|
Oenomys
(Rufous-nosed rats)
|
Common rufous-nosed rat (O. hypoxanthus) · Ghana rufous-nosed rat (O. ornatus)
|
|
Thallomys
(Acacia rats)
|
Loring's rat (T. loringi) · Black-tailed tree rat (T. nigricauda) · Acacia rat (T. paedulcus) · Shortridge's rat (T. shortridgei)
|
|
Thamnomys
(Thicket rats)
|
Kemp's thicket rat (T. kempi) · Hatt's thicket rat (T. major) · Charming thicket rat (T. venustus)
|
|
|
Phloeomys
Division |
|
Batomys
(Luzon and Mindanao
forest rats)
|
Large-toothed hairy-tailed rat (B. dentatus) · Luzon hairy-tailed rat (B. granti) · Hamiguitan hairy-tailed rat (B. hamiguitan) · Dinagat hairy-tailed rat (B. russatus) · Mindanao hairy-tailed rat (B. salomonseni)
|
|
Carpomys
(Luzon rats)
|
Short-footed Luzon tree rat (C. melanurus) · White-bellied Luzon tree rat (C. phaeurus)
|
|
Crateromys
(Cloudrunners)
|
Dinagat bushy-tailed cloud rat (C. australis) · Giant bushy-tailed cloud rat (C. schadenbergi) · Panay cloudrunner (C. heaneyi) · Ilin Island cloudrunner (C. paulus)
|
|
Phloeomys
(Slender-tailed
cloud rats)
|
Southern giant slender-tailed cloud rat (P. cumingi) · Northern Luzon giant cloud rat (P. pallidus)
|
|
|
Pithecheir
Division |
|
Eropeplus
|
Sulawesi soft-furred rat (E. canus)
|
|
Lenomys
|
Trefoil-toothed giant rat (L. meyeri)
|
|
Lenothrix
|
Gray tree rat (L. canus)
|
|
Margaretamys
(Margareta's rats)
|
Beccari's Margareta rat (M. beccarii) · Elegant Margareta rat (M. elegans) · Little Margareta rat (M. parvus)
|
|
Pithecheir
(Monkey-footed rats)
|
Red tree rat (P. melanurus) · Malayan tree rat (P. parvus)
|
|
Pithecheirops
|
Little-eared tree rat (P. otion)
|
|
|
|
|
Pogonomys, Pseudomys divisions |
|
Pogonomys
Division |
Abeomelomys
|
Highland brush mouse (A. sevia)
|
|
Anisomys
|
Squirrel-toothed rat (A. imitator)
|
|
Chiruromys
|
Greater tree mouse (C. forbesi) · Lamia (C. lamia) · Lesser tree mouse (C. vates)
|
|
Coccymys
|
White-toothed brush mouse (C. albidens) · C. kirrhos · Rümmler's brush mouse (C. ruemmleri) · C. shawmayeri
|
|
Hyomys
(White-eared rats)
|
Western white-eared giant rat (H. dammermani) · Eastern white-eared giant rat (H. goliath)
|
|
Macruromys
(New Guinean rats)
|
Lesser small-toothed rat (M. elegans) · Eastern small-toothed rat (M. major)
|
|
Mallomys
(Giant tree rats)
|
De Vis's woolly rat (M. aroaensis) · Alpine woolly rat (M. gunung) · Subalpine woolly rat (M. istapantap) · Rothschild's woolly rat (M. rothschildi) · Bosavi woolly rat (M. sp. nov.) · Arfak woolly rat (M. sp. nov.) · Foja woolly rat (M. sp. nov.)
|
|
Mammelomys
|
Large-scaled mosaic-tailed rat (M. lanosus) · Large mosaic-tailed rat (M. rattoides)
|
|
Pogonomelomys
(Rummler's
mosaic tailed rats)
|
Lowland brush mouse (P. bruijni) · Shaw Mayer's brush mouse (P. mayeri)
|
|
Pogonomys
(Prehensile-tailed rats)
|
Champion's tree mouse (P. championi) · D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago pogonomys (P. fergussoniensis) · Large tree mouse (P. loriae) · Chestnut tree mouse (P. macrourus) · Prehensile-tailed rat (P. mollipilosus) · Gray-bellied tree mouse (P. sylvestris)
|
|
Xenuromys
|
Mimic tree-rat (X. barbatus)
|
|
|
Pseudomys
Division |
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Conilurus
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Brush-tailed rabbit rat (C. penicillatus)
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Leggadina
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Forrest's mouse (L. forresti) · Lakeland Downs mouse (L. lakedownensis)
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Leporillus
(Australian
stick-nest rats)
|
Lesser stick-nest rat (L. apicalis) · Greater stick-nest rat (L. conditor)
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Mastacomys
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Broad-toothed mouse (M. fuscus)
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Mesembriomys
(Tree rats)
|
Black-footed tree-rat (M. gouldii) · Golden-backed tree rat (M. macrurus)
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Notomys
(Australian
hopping mice)
|
Spinifex hopping mouse (N. alexis) · Northern hopping mouse (N. aquilo) · Fawn hopping mouse (N. cervinus) · Dusky hopping mouse (N. fuscus) · Mitchell's hopping mouse (N. mitchellii)
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Pseudomys
(Australian native mice)
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Ash-grey mouse (P. albocinereus) · Silky mouse (P. apodemoides) · Plains rat (P. australis) · Bolam's mouse (P. bolami) · Kakadu pebble-mound mouse (P. calabyi) · Western pebble-mound mouse (P. chapmani) · Little native mouse (P. delicatulus) · Desert mouse (P. desertor) · Shark Bay mouse (P. fieldi) · Smoky mouse (P. fumeus) · Eastern chestnut mouse (P. gracilicaudatus) · Sandy inland mouse (P. hermannsburgensis) · Long-tailed mouse (P. higginsi) · Central pebble-mound mouse (P. johnsoni) · Western chestnut mouse (P. nanus) · New Holland mouse (P. novaehollandiae) · Western mouse (P. occidentalis) · Hastings River mouse (P. oralis) · Country mouse (P. patrius) · Pilliga mouse (P. pilligaensis) · Heath mouse (P. shortridgei)
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Zyzomys
(Thick-tailed rats)
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Common rock rat (Z. argurus) · Arnhem Land rock rat (Z. maini) · Carpentarian rock rat (Z. palatilis) · Central rock rat (Z. pedunculatus) · Kimberley rock rat (Z. woodwardi)
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Rattus division |
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Abditomys |
Luzon broad-toothed rat (A. latidens)
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Bandicota
(Bandicoot rats) |
Lesser bandicoot rat (B. bengalensis) · Greater bandicoot rat (B. indica) · Savile's bandicoot rat (B. savilei)
|
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Berylmys
(White-toothed rats) |
Small white-toothed rat (B. berdmorei) · Bower's white-toothed rat (B. bowersi) · Kenneth's white-toothed rat (B. mackenziei) · Manipur white-toothed rat (B. manipulus)
|
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Bullimus |
Bagobo rat (B. bagobus) · Camiguin forest rat (B. gamay) · Lagre Luzon forest rat (B. luzonicus)
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Bunomys |
Andrew's hill rat (B. andrewsi) · Yellow-haired hill rat (B. chrysocomus) · Heavenly hill rat (B. coelestis) · Fraternal hill rat (B. fratrorum) · Heinrich's hill rat (B. heinrichi) · Inland hill rat (B. penitus) · Long-headed hill rat (B. prolatus)
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Diplothrix |
Ryukyu long-tailed giant rat (D. legatus)
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Kadarsanomys |
Sody's tree rat (K. sodyi)
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Komodomys |
Komodo rat (K. rintjanus)
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Limnomys |
Gray-bellied mountain rat (L. bryophilus) · Mindanao mountain rat (L. sibuanus)
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|
Nesokia |
Bunn's short-tailed bandicoot rat (N. bunnii) · Short-tailed bandicoot rat (N. indica)
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Nesoromys |
Ceram rat (N. ceramicus)
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Palawanomys |
Palawan soft-furred mountain rat (P. furvus)
|
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Papagomys |
Flores giant rat (P. armandvillei)
|
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Paruromys |
Sulawesi giant rat (P. dominator)
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Paulamys |
Flores long-nosed rat (P. naso)
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Rattus
(Typical rats) |
Annandale's rat ( R. annandalei) · Enggano rat ( R. enganus) · Philippine forest rat ( R. everetti) · Polynesian rat ( R. exulans) · Hainald's rat ( R. hainaldi) · Hoogerwerf's rat ( R. hoogerwerfi) · Korinch's rat ( R. korinchi) · Nillu rat ( R. montanus) · Molaccan prehensile-tailed rat ( R. morotaiensis) · Kerala rat ( R. ranjiniae) · New Ireland forest rat ( R. sanila) · Andaman rat ( R. stoicus) · Timor rat ( R. timorensis)
R. norvegicus group: Himalayan field rat (R. nitidus) · Brown rat (R. norvegicus) · Turkestan rat (R. pyctoris)
R. rattus group: Sunburned rat (R. adustus) · Sikkim rat (R. andamanensis) · Rice-field rat (R. argentiventer) · Summit rat (R. baluensis) · Aceh rat (R. blangorum) · Nonsense rat (R. burrus) · Hoffmann's rat (R. hoffmanni) · Koopman's rat (R. koopmani) · Lesser rice-field rat (R. losea) · Mentawai rat (R. lugens) · Mindoro black rat (R. mindorensis) · Little soft-furred rat (R. mollicomulus) · Osgood's rat (R. osgoodi) · Palm rat (R. palmarum) · Black rat (R. rattus) · Sahyadris forest rat (R. satarae) · Simalur rat (R. simalurensis) · Tanezumi rat (R. tanezumi) · Tawi-tawi forest rat (R. tawitawiensis) · Malayan field rat (R. tiomanicus)
R. xanthurus group: Bonthain rat (R. bontanus) · Opossum rat (R. marmosurus) · Peleng rat (R. pelurus) · R. salocco · Yellow-tailed rat (R. xanthurus)
R. leucopus group: Arfak rat (R. arfakiensis) · Western New Guinea mountain rat (R. arrogans) · Sula rat (R. elaphinus) · Spiny Ceram rat (R. feliceus) · Giluwe rat (R. giluwensis) · Japen rat (R. jobiensis) · Cape York rat (R. leucopus) · Eastern rat (R. mordax) · Moss-forest rat (R. niobe) · New Guinean rat (R. novaeguineae) · Arianus's rat (R. omichlodes) · Pocock's highland rat (R. pococki) · Spiny rat (R. praetor) · Glacier rat (R. richardsoni) · Stein's rat (R. steini) · Van Deusen's rat (R. vandeuseni) · Slender rat (R. verecundus)
R. fuscipes group: Dusky rat ( R. collettia) · Bush rat ( R. fuscipes) · Australian swamp rat ( R. lutreolus) · Dusky field rat ( R. sordidus) · Pale field rat ( R. tunneyi) · Long-haired rat ( R. villosissimus)
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Sundamys
(Giant Sunda rats) |
Mountain giant Sunda rat (S. infraluteus) · Bartels's rat (S. maxi) · Müller's giant Sunda rat (S. muelleri)
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Taeromys |
Salokko rat (T. arcuatus) · Lovely-haired rat (T. callitrichus) · Celebes rat (T. celebensis) · Sulawesi montane rat (T. hamatus) · Small-eared rat (T. microbullatus) · Sulawesi forest rat (T. punicans) · Tondano rat (T. taerae)
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Tarsomys |
Long-footed rat (T. apoensis) · Spiny long-footed rat (T. echinatus)
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Tryphomys |
Luzon short-nosed rat (T. adustus)
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Stenocephalomys, Uromys, Xeromys divisions |
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Stenocephalomys
Division |
Heimyscus
|
African smoky mouse (H. fumosus)
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Hylomyscus
(African wood mice)
|
H. aeta group: Beaded wood mouse ( H. aeta) · H. grandis
H. alleni group: Allen's wood mouse (H. alleni) · Angolan wood mouse (H. carillus) · Stella wood mouse (H. stella) · Walter Verheyeni's mouse (H. walterverheyeni)
H. anselli group: Ansell's wood mouse (H. anselli) · Arc Mountain wood mouse (H. arcimontensis)
H. baeri group: Baer's wood mouse (H. baeri)
H. denniae group: Montane wood mouse (H. denniae) · H. endorobae · H. vulcanorum
H. parvus group: Little wood mouse ( H. parvus)
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Mastomys
(Multimammate rats)
|
Awash multimammate mouse (M. awashensis) · Southern multimammate mouse (M. coucha) · Guinea multimammate mouse (M. erythroleucus) · Hubert's multimammate mouse (M. huberti) · Verheyen's multimammate mouse (M. kollmannspergeri) · Natal multimammate mouse (M. natalensis) · Dwarf multimammate mouse (M. pernanus) · Shortridge's multimammate mouse (M. shortridgei)
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Myomyscus
(Multimammate rats)
|
Angolan multimammate mouse (M. angolensis) · Brockman's rock mouse (M. brockmani) · Verreaux's mouse (M. verreauxii) · Yemeni mouse (M. yemeni)
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Praomys
(African
soft-furred rats)
|
P. coetzeei · Dalton's mouse (P. daltoni) · De Graaff's soft-furred mouse (P. degraaffi) · Delectable soft-furred mouse (P. delectorum) · Deroo's mouse (P. derooi) · Hartwig's soft-furred mouse (P. hartwigi) · Jackson's soft-furred mouse (P. jacksoni) · Lukolela Swamp Rat (P. lukolelae) · Least soft-furred mouse (P. minor) · Misonne's soft-furred mouse (P. misonnei) · Cameroon soft-furred mouse (P. morio) · Muton's soft-furred mouse (P. mutoni) · Gotel Mountain soft-furred mouse (P. obscurus) · Peter's soft-furred mouse (P. petteri) · Forest soft-furred mouse (P. rostratus) · Tullberg's soft-furred mouse (P. tullbergi) · Verschuren's swamp rat (P. verschureni)
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|
Stenocephalemys
(Ethiopian
narrow-headed rats)
|
Ethiopian white-footed mouse (S. albipes) · Ethiopian narrow-headed Rat (S. albocaudata) · Gray-tailed narrow-headed rat (S. griseicauda) · Rupp's mouse (S. ruppi)
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Uromys Division |
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Melomys
(Banana rats)
|
Dusky mosaic-tailed rat (M. aerosus) · Rossel Island mosaic-tailed rat (M. arcium) · Bannister's rat (M. bannisteri) · Bougainville mosaic-tailed rat (M. bougainville) · Grassland mosaic-tailed rat (M. burtoni) · Cape York mosaic-tailed rat (M. capensis) · Short-tailed mosaic-tailed rat (M. caurinus) · Fawn-footed melomys (M. cervinipes) · Yamdena Island mosaic-tailed rat (M. cooperae) · Dollman's mosaic-tailed rat (M. dollmani) · Manusela mosaic-tailed rat (M. fraterculus) · Snow Mountains Grassland mosaic-tailed rat (M. frigicola) · Seram Long-tailed mosaic-tailed rat (M. fulgens) · Riama Island mosaic-tailed rat (M. howi) · White-bellied mosaic-tailed rat (M. leucogaster) · Papua Grassland mosaic-tailed rat (M. lutillus) · Manus Island mosaic-tailed rat (M. matambuai) · Obi mosaic-tailed rat (M. obiensis) · Pavel's Seram mosaic-tailed rat (M. paveli) · Bramble Cay mosaic-tailed rat (M. rubicola) · Black-tailed mosaic-tailed rat (M. rufescens) · Buka Island mosaic-tailed rat (M. spechti) · Long-tailed Talaud mosaic-tailed rat (M. talaudium)
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Paramelomys
|
Gressit's mosaic-tailed rat (P. gressitti) · Long-nosed mosaic-tailed rat (P. levipes) · Lorentz's mosaic-tailed rat (P. lorentzii) · Thomas's mosaic-tailed rat (P. mollis) · Moncton's mosaic-tailed rat (P. moncktoni) · P. naso · Lowland mosaic-tailed rat (P. platyops) · Mountain mosaic-tailed rat (P. rubex) · P. steini
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Protochromys
|
Red-bellied mosaic-tailed rat (P. fellowsi)
|
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Solomys
(Naked-tailed rats)
|
Poncelet's giant rat (S. ponceleti) · Florida naked-tailed rat (S. salamonis) · Bougainville naked-tailed rat (S. salebrosus) · Isabel naked-tailed rat (S. sapientis) · Buka Island naked-tailed rat (S. spriggsarum)
|
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Uromys
(Giant naked-tailed rats)
|
Giant naked-tailed rat (U. anak) · Biak giant rat (U. boeadii) · Giant white-tailed rat (U. caudimaculatus) · Emma's giant rat (U. emmae) · Masked white-tailed rat (U. hadrourus) · Bismarck giant rat (U. neobritanicus) · King rat (U. rex) · Great Key Island giant rat (U. siebersi)
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Xeromys Division |
|
Leptomys
|
L. arfakensis · Long-footed Water Rat (L. elegans) · Ernst Mayr's water rat (L. ernstmayri) · L. paulus · Fly River water rat (L. signatus)
|
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Pseudohydromys
(New Guinea
false water rats)
|
Bishop moss-mouse (P. berniceae) · Huon smalltoothed moss-mouse (P. carlae) · Laurie's moss-mouse (P. eleanorae) · One-toothed shrew-mouse (P. ellermani) · Mottled-tailed shrew mouse (P. fuscus) · German's one-toothed moss mouse (P. germani) · Eastern shrew mouse (P. murinus) · Musser's shrew mouse (P. musseri) · Western shrew mouse (P. occidentalis) · Woolley's moss-mouse (P. patriciae) · Southern small-toothed moss-mouse (P. pumehanae) · White-bellied moss-mouse (P. sandrae)
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Xeromys
|
False Water Rat (X. myoides)
|
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Otomys division |
|
Myotomys
(African karoo rats) |
Sloggett's vlei rat (M. sloggetti) · Bush vlei rat (M. unisulcatus)
|
|
Otomys
(Vlei rats) |
Angolan vlei rat (O. anchietae) · Angoni vlei rat (O. angoniensis) · Barbour's vlei rat (O. barbouri) · Burton's vlei rat (O. burtoni) · Cuanza vlei rat (O. cuanzensis) · Ruwenzori vlei rat (O. dartmouthi) · Dent's vlei rat (O. denti) · Dollman's vlei rat (O. dollmani) · Southern African vlei rat (O. irroratus) · Mount Elgon vlei rat (O. jacksoni) · Tanzanian vlei rat (O. lacustris) · Laminate vlei rat (O. laminatus) · Large vlei rat (O. maximus) · Western vlei rat (O. occidentalis) · Afroalpine vlei rat (O. orestes) · Saunder's vlei rat (O. saundersiae) · Tropical vlei rat (O. tropicalis) · Typical vlei rat (O. typus) · Uzungwe vlei rat (O. uzungwensis)
|
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Parotomys
(Whistling rats) |
Brants's whistling rat (P. brantsii) · Littledale's whistling rat (P. littledalei)
|
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Others |
|
Mirzamys |
Mirza's western moss rat (M. louiseae) · Mirza's eastern moss rat (M. norahae)
|
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Musseromys |
Banahaw tree mouse
|
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