promise

• n.

• 約束、見込み

• v.

• 約束する、しそう

関

agreement、appointment、apt、chance、engage、engagement、estimate、expectation、likelihood、likely、odds、perspective、prospect

　 　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. promise to undertake or give; "I promise you my best effort"
2. grounds for feeling hopeful about the future; "there is little or no promise that he will recover" (同)hope
3. a verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do (or not to do) something in the future
4. make a promise or commitment (同)assure
5. give grounds for expectations; "The new results were promising"; "The results promised fame and glory"
6. settle by concession
7. a middle way between two extremes (同)via media
8. an accommodation in which both sides make concessions; "the newly elected congressmen rejected a compromise because they considered it `business as usual"
9. expose or make liable to danger, suspicion, or disrepute; "The nuclear secrets of the state were compromised by the spy"
10. make a compromise; arrive at a compromise; "nobody will get everything he wants; we all must compromise"
11. judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or time); "I estimate this chicken to weigh three pounds" (同)gauge, approximate, guess, judge
12. a judgment of the qualities of something or somebody; "many factors are involved in any estimate of human life"; "in my estimation the boy is innocent" (同)estimation
13. the respect with which a person is held; "they had a high estimation of his ability" (同)estimation
14. an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth; "an estimate of what it would cost"; "a rough idea how long it would take" (同)estimation, approximation, idea
15. a statement indicating the likely cost of some job; "he got an estimate from the car repair shop"
16. compatibility of observations; "there was no agreement between theory and measurement"; "the results of two tests were in correspondence" (同)correspondence
17. harmony of peoples opinions or actions or characters; "the two parties were in agreement" (同)accord
18. the determination of grammatical inflection on the basis of word relations (同)concord
19. the thing arranged or agreed to; "they made arrangements to meet in Chicago" (同)arrangement
20. the statement (oral or written) of an exchange of promises; "they had an agreement that they would not interfere in each others business"; "there was an understanding between management and the workers" (同)understanding
21. the verbal act of agreeing
22. employment for performers or performing groups that lasts for a limited period of time; "the play had bookings throughout the summer" (同)booking
23. the act of sharing in the activities of a group; "the teacher tried to increase his students engagement in class activities" (同)participation, involvement, involution
24. contact by fitting together; "the engagement of the clutch"; "the meshing of gears" (同)mesh, meshing, interlocking
25. at risk of or subject to experiencing something usually unpleasant; "he is apt to lose"; "she is liable to forget" (同)liable
26. mentally quick and resourceful; "an apt pupil"; "you are a clever man...you reason well and your wit is bold"-Bram Stoker (同)clever
27. (usually followed by `to' (同)disposed, given, minded, tending
28. a person who makes a promise (同)promisor
29. failure to keep a promise (of marriage)
30. a person to whom a promise is made
31. showing possibility of achievement or excellence; "a promising young man"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉『約束』,誓い / 〈U〉(…の)有望さ,見込み《+『of+名』》 / 〈U〉(…の)気配,きざし《+『of+名』》 / 〈物事〉‘を'『約束する』 / …‘の'『見込みがある』,おそれがある / 《話》《Iを主語にして》〈人〉‘に'断言する,保証する,警告する / 約束する / 《状態の副詞を伴って》(…の)見込み(望み)がある
2. 〈U〉〈C〉(…との)『妥協』,和解,和解《+『with』+『名』》 / 〈C〉妥協案,折衷案;折衷したもの / 〈信用・名声など〉'を'危うくする,傷つける,汚す / (…と)『妥協する』,和解する《+『with』+『名』》
3. …‘を'『見積る』,概算する / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈人物・状況など〉‘を'『評価する』・判断する / (…を)見積る《+『for』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(寸法・数量・価値などの)『見積り』,概算,評価[額];見積書《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉評価,評定《+『of』+『名』》
4. 〈U〉(意見・感情などの)(…についての)『一致』,調和,同意《+『on』(『upon,about,with』)+『名』(『wh-節・句』)》 / 〈C〉(2者以上の間で結ばれた)『協定』,協約 / 〈U〉(人称・性・格の)一致(concord)
5. 〈C〉『約束』,契約,取り決め;(会合などの)約束,予約《+『for』+『名』》;(人との)約束《+『with』+『名』》 / 〈C〉『婚約』;婚約期間 / 〈C〉雇用;雇用期間 / 〈C〉会戦,交戦 / 《複数形で》債務,負債 / 〈U〉〈C〉(歯車などの)かみ合わせ
6. 《補語にのみ用いて》《『be apt to』 do》(望ましくないことについて)…『しがちである』)(be liable to do) / 《補語にのみ用いて》《『be apt to』 do》《米話》…しそうである(be likely to do) / 『適した』,『ふさわしい』,適切な / 利発な,物覚えが早い
7. 『前途有望な』,見込みのある,期待できる

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/12/27 08:55:11」(JST)

wiki ja

[Wiki ja表示]

プロミス（promise）は約束、契約の意味。

コンピュータ

• future (promise) - プログラミング言語における並列処理のデザインパターン

企業・ブランド

• プロミス - SMBCコンシューマーファイナンスの運営する消費者金融のブランド名、およびその旧社名「プロミス株式会社」。

楽曲

• プロミス (テイク・ザットの曲)
• プロミス - ClariSの楽曲。アルバム『BIRTHDAY』に収録。
• Promise (Candyの曲) - Candyのシングル曲。
• Promise - 倖田來未の楽曲。両A面シングル『Promise/Star』に収録。
• Promise (ゴスペラーズの曲) - ゴスペラーズのデビューシングル曲。
• Promise - 新海誠の作品イメージアルバム
• Promise (TiAの曲) - TiAのシングル曲。
• Promise (平野綾の曲) - 平野綾のシングル曲。
• promise (広瀬香美の曲) - 広瀬香美のシングル曲。
• PROMISE (布袋寅泰の曲) - 布袋寅泰のシングル曲。
• PROMiSE - MiChiのシングル曲。
• Promise - 渡辺美里の楽曲。両A面シングル『世界で一番 遠い場所/Promise』に収録。

作品

• PROMISE 無極 - 2005年の中国映画。
• Promise (末次由紀の漫画) - 末次由紀の漫画作品。
• Promise (18禁ゲーム) - ちぇりーそふとから発売されたアダルトゲーム

地名

• プロミスシティ (アイオワ州)

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wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Promise (disambiguation).

A promise is a commitment by someone to do or not do something. As a noun promise means a declaration assuring that one will or will not do something. As a verb it means to commit oneself by a promise to do or give. It can also mean a capacity for good, similar to a value that is to be realized in the near future.

In the law of contract, an exchange of promises is usually held to be legally enforceable, according to the Latin maxim pacta sunt servanda.

Types

There are many types of promises. There are solemn promises, such as marriage vows or military oaths. There are legal contracts, enforceable by law. Or, there are fairy tale promises, regrettable and problematic at the time they must be honored. And lastly, there are election promises, commitments that most people realize will later be shaped by politics and compromise.

Both an oath and an affirmation can be a promise. One special kind of promise is the vow.

A notable type of promise is an election promise. Election promises are pledges that will be later shaped by politics and the cooperation of individuals.

A promise is a manifestation of intent to act or refrain from acting in a specified way at some point in the future. It's communicated by one party, to at least one additional party, to signify a commitment has been made. The person manifesting intent is the Promisor. The person to whom the manifestation is addressed is the Promisee.

In law, contracts are created by a process of offer and acceptance. An offer to enter into a binding contract consists of an indication by the Oferror to be legally bound by the terms indicated in the offer once the person to whom the offer is addressed, the Offeree, has accepted the offer in the manner indicated in the offer (if any). Once acceptance has taken place, a binding contract has come into existence and both parties are legally bound by its terms. A contract is therefore a voluntarily assumed legal obligation. A party who fails to perform his obligations under the contract is said to be in breach of contract and is liable to compensate the other party. Compensation normally takes the form of payment of a sum of money sufficient to place the party entitled to damages in the same position as in which that party would have been if the contract had been performed. For instance, if A agrees to sell a car to B for $10,000 and B agrees to pay, then if A fails to deliver the car, B would be entitled to compensation sufficient to enable B to purchase a similar car without having to spend more than the agreed price. Therefore, if by the time of the breach the price of the car has increased by 10%, A would be liable to pay B $1,000, assuming that B has not paid anything yet. If B has paid a deposit of $5,000, then B would be entitled to restitution of his deposit plus the $1,000. A contract may consist of mutual undertakings, as in the example just given, where A agreed to deliver a car and B agrees to pay for it. Such contracts are known as bilateral contracts. But a contract may only give rise to an undertaking by one party, as where A agrees to pay B if B finds a particular car which A has been trying to acquire. B is under no duty to search but would be entitled to payment if she finds the car.

Oath: Individuals that take oaths should be honest and sincere about their statement or goal and be committed to fulfil a specified oath.

Other types of promises would include solemn promises which includes marriage vows and military oaths. People also make fairy tale promises which are regrettable and difficult at the time the promise is made.

Conditional commitment

In loan guarantees, a commitment requires to meet an equity commitment, as well as other conditions, before the loan guarantee is closed.

Religion

Religions have similar attitudes towards promises.

Christianity

Main article: Oath

In Christianity, a distinction is made between simple promises and oaths or vows. An oath is a promise invoking God as a witness. A vow is a solemn form of a promise typically made to commit oneself to a moral good with God as witness, and binds oneself to its fulfillment over time.

Some groups of Christians, such as the Religious Society of Friends and the Mennonites, object to the taking of both oaths and affirmations, basing their objections upon a commandment given in the Sermon on the Mount, and regard all promises to be witnessed by God.

See also biblical covenants.

Islam

In An-Nahl, God forbids Muslims to break their promises after they have confirmed them. All promises are regarded as having Allah as their witness and guarantor. In the Hadith, the Prophet states that a Muslim who made a promise and then saw a better thing to do, should do the better thing and then make an act of atonement for breaking the promise. It is forbidden to break an oath in Islam. However, when someone does break an oath, they are required to beg for forgiveness and make up for the sin by feeding/clothing 10 poor people or freeing a slave(which is nearly impossible today), or, if unable to do these, to fast for three days. One of the four types of promises that are punished quickly is when you want to harm a relationship when the other person wants to keep it.

Philosophy

Philosophers have tried to establish rules for promises. Immanuel Kant suggested promises should always be kept, while some consequentialists argue that promises should be broken whenever doing so would yield benefits. In How to Make Good Decisions and Be Right All the Time, Iain King tried to reconcile these positions, suggesting that promises should be kept 'unless they are worth less to others than a new option is to you,' and that this requires a relevant, unforeseen and reasonably unforeseeable change in the situation more important than the promise itself arising after the promise is made.

As opposed to Kant, some Rossian pluralists believe that morality with regards to right and wrong cannot be formalized in writing. In certain circumstances, breaking one’s promise may be more beneficial than the cost of keeping it. These moral principles need guidance and good judgments to maximize the benefits of people involved.

Politics

Promises are made to offer assurance, especially during election. Political tactic to offer promise that would guarantee a better future to lure voters. However, certain promises are made with few realistic supports to ever become existent.

Society

The "promise", in sociology and society, as discussed by C. Wright Mills and others is the ideological impression or commitment our society makes to us, and the commitment we make to our society in return for prosperity. The best or most popular example of this is The American Dream.

Psychology

Promises are compared with threats by Verbrugge, Dieussaert, Schaeken and William. When a threat or promise is conditional, it tends to receive biconditional interpretation. Also, both threats and promises are highly controlled by the speaker. The fundamental difference is the valence of the prospective action on the speaker's part. In the case of a promise it is generally positive while in the case of a threat it is negative. Promises are often made with an intent on the speaker's part to convince a hearer to do something by holding out the prospect of a reward; threats by contrasts are often made with an intent to influence a hearer's behavior by holding out the prospect of a punishment. In addition, certain characteristics of promises and threats, such as "magnitude" and "credibility", affect the probability that the target will gain compliance or failure. Promises can fall under many different categories, however they will have two key components. The type of activity that the promises undertakes to do, and the content of the promise. Promises can give us both the security that something is being fully guaranteed and the stress that you are guaranteeing something that cannot be verified at that given moment. This can create both a positive and a negative effect on our minds.

See also

• Contract law
• Asmachta
• Documentality

References

• Plato, The Republic (ca 370 BC) Book I, 33IB
• Cicero, De Officiis (ca 20 BC) I, C. IO, III, cc. 24-25
• Decretals of Gregory IX lib. II, tit. 26, C. 27, canon law did not enforce all promises
• Reinach, The Apriorischen Grundlagen des Bürgerlichen Rechtes (1922) §§ 2-4, that all rational societies need to have some way of making promises binding
• Hooker, Brad. "Moral Rules and Principles." Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Ed. Donald M. Borchert. 2nd ed. Vol. 6. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006. 382-385.

Notes

External links

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Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「estimate」「agreement」「engagement」「見込み」「chance」
拡張検索	「compromise」「compromised」
関連記事	「promising」

「estimate」

　　[★]

• n.

• 見積、推定、予算、見込み

• v.

• 見積もる、推定する、評価する、測定する

関

appraisal、appraise、appreciate、appreciation、assess、assessment、budget、chance、characterization、deduce、determine、estimation、evaluate、evaluation、expectation、extrapolate、extrapolation、fathom、judgement、judgment、likelihood、measure、measurement、odds、perspective、presume、presumption、promise、prospect、value

　 　 　 　 　 　

「agreement」

　　[★]

• n.

• 一致、賛成、同意、合意、約束、協定

関

accord、accordance、agree、appointment、approval、approve、arrangement、coincide、coincidence、concert、concerted、concordance、concur、concurrent、conform、congruence、congruent、consensus、consent、consistent、consonant、convention、correspond、correspondence、corresponding、engage、engagement、fit、match、promise、unanimous、unity

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「engagement」

　　[★]

• n.

• 約束、関与、(高分子同士の)結合、会合

関

agreement、appointment、associate、association、bind、binding、bond、bonding、coassemble、combine、conjoin、conjugate、conjugation、conjunction、connect、connection、couple、dock、engage、involve、involvement、join、ligate、linkage、participate、participation、promise、symphysial、union

　 　 　 　

「見込み」

　　[★]

英

perspective、expectation、promise、estimate、prospect、chance、odds、likelihood

関

遠近、確率、可能性、機会、偶然、しそう、推定、測定、待機、展望、評価、見積、見積もる、見通し、約束、尤度、予期、予算、予想、チャンス

「chance」

　　[★]

• n.

• 機会、チャンス、見込み、確率、偶然

関

accident、accidental、accidentally、casual、casually、estimate、expectation、fortuitous、likelihood、occasion、occasional、odds、opportunity、perspective、probability、promise、prospect、scope

　 　 　

「compromise」

　　[★]

com-(共に)+promise(約束する)

• n.

• 妥協、若い
• (名声、信用などを)危うくすること

• vt.

• 妥協して処理する。
• ～に欠陥を生じさせる、障害を生じさせる。(名声・信用などを)傷つける、危うくする。

Vitamin A deficiency can compromise barrier and innate and acquired immune defenses to infection.

関

amicable settlement、impair、settle、settlement

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http://eow.alc.co.jp/compromise/UTF-8/

• n.

• 譲歩、妥協｝、歩み寄り、和解、示談
• 危険にさらすこと
• (名誉・経歴・体面などを)傷つけること

(？)Fibrinoid necrosis of the vessels ensues with compromise of the lumen, thrombosis, infarction of the tissues supplied by the incolved vessel, and in some cases, hemorrhage.(HIM.2125)

Treatment of sinus bradycardia is indicated if hemodynamic compromise results from the slow heart rate.(HIM.1542)(徐脈から血行動態の障害が生じたら、洞性徐脈の治療の適応である)

• (信用・評判などを)落とすこと
• 情報漏洩、セキュリティ侵害

関

(adj.)compromised

　 　 　 　 　 　

「compromised」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 易感染性の

• ex. 日和見宿主 compromised host

「promising」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 有望な

関

potential