電解質異常
WordNet
- a disorderly outburst or tumult; "they were amazed by the furious disturbance they had caused" (同)disruption, commotion, flutter, hurly burly, to-do, hoo-ha, hoo-hah, kerfuffle
- an unhappy and worried mental state; "there was too much anger and disturbance"; "she didnt realize the upset she caused me" (同)perturbation, upset
- the act of disturbing something or someone; setting something in motion
- a solution that conducts electricity; "the proper amount and distribution of electrolytes in the body is essential for health"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉乱す(騒がす,妨害する)こと;乱れた状態 / 〈C〉騒ぎ,騒動,動乱 / 〈C〉乱す(騒がす,妨害する)もの
- 電解液;電解質
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/06/04 10:44:17」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Water-electrolyte imbalance |
Classification and external resources |
ICD-10 |
E86-E87 |
ICD-9 |
276 |
MeSH |
D014883 |
Electrolytes play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis within the body. They help to regulate heart and neurological function, fluid balance, oxygen delivery, acid-base balance and much more. Electrolyte imbalances can develop by the following mechanisms: excessive ingestion; diminished elimination of an electrolyte; diminished ingestion or excessive elimination of an electrolyte. The most common cause of electrolyte disturbances is kidney failure.[citation needed]
The most serious electrolyte disturbances involve abnormalities in the levels of sodium, potassium, and/or calcium. Other electrolyte imbalances are less common, and often occur in conjunction with major electrolyte changes. Chronic laxative abuse or severe diarrhea or vomiting (gastroenteritis) can lead to electrolyte disturbances along with dehydration. People suffering from bulimia or anorexia nervosa are at especially high risk for an electrolyte imbalance.
General function
Electrolytes are important because they are what cells (especially nerve, heart and muscle cells) use to maintain voltages across their cell membranes and to carry electrical impulses (nerve impulses, muscle contractions) across themselves and to other cells. Kidneys work to keep the electrolyte concentrations in blood constant despite changes in the body. For example, during heavy exercise, electrolytes are lost in sweat, particularly in form of sodium and potassium. These electrolytes must be replaced to keep the electrolyte concentrations of the body fluids constant.
See also
- Acidosis
- Alkalosis
- Dehydration
- Malnutrition
- Starvation
Water-electrolyte imbalance and acid-base imbalance (E86–E87, 276)
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Volume status |
- Volume contraction (Dehydration/Hypovolemia)
- Hypervolemia
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Electrolyte |
Na+ |
- Hypernatremia
- Hyponatremia (Hypotonic, Isotonic)
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K+ |
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Cl− |
- Hyperchloremia
- Hypochloremia
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Ca++ |
- Hypercalcaemia
- Hypocalcaemia
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Acid-base |
Acidosis |
- Metabolic: High anion gap (Ketoacidosis/Diabetic ketoacidosis, Lactic)
- Normal anion gap (Hyperchloremic, Renal tubular)
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Alkalosis |
- Metabolic: Contraction alkalosis
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Both |
- Mixed disorder of acid-base balance
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Index of the urinary system
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Description |
- Anatomy
- Physiology
- Development
- Cells
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Disease |
- Electrolyte and acid-base
- Congenital
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
- Urine tests
- Blood tests
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Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- Intravenous fluids
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- [Gelatinous transformation of the bone marrow and acute hepatitis in a woman suffering from anorexia nervosa.]
- Rivière E, Pillot J, Saghi T, Clouzeau B, Castaing Y, Gruson D, Boyer A.SourceService de médecine interne et maladies infectieuses du Pr Jean-Luc Pellegrin, hôpital Haut-Lévêque, avenue Magellan, 33600 Pessac, France; Service de réanimation médicale, hôpital Pellegrin, 1, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux-Segalen, 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France.
- La Revue de medecine interne / fondee ... par la Societe nationale francaise de medecine interne.Rev Med Interne.2012 Jan 18. [Epub ahead of print]
- Anorexia nervosa can be a life-threatening eating disorder when complicated with electrolyte disturbance, gelatinous transformation of the bone marrow or starvation induced acute hepatitis. We report a 43-year-old woman suffering from anorexia nervosa for more than 25 years, who was admitted in int
- PMID 22265096
- Suspected opioid-induced hyperalgesia in an infant.
- Hallett BR, Chalkiadis GA.SourceDepartment of Paediatric Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. benhallett@benhallett.com.au
- British journal of anaesthesia.Br J Anaesth.2012 Jan;108(1):116-8. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
- One explanation for diminished opioid analgesic efficacy is opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). We report a case of OIH in an infant with gastroschisis, requiring multiple surgical interventions and prolonged sedation for ventilation. This is the first report of OIH in an infant. On day 41 of life af
- PMID 22021900
Japanese Journal
- Electrolyte depletion syndrome を呈した大腸絨毛腫瘍の1例
- 丹羽 浩一郎,永易 希一,高橋 玄,五藤 倫敏,冨木 裕一,坂本 一博
- 日本外科系連合学会誌 37(2), 298-302, 2012-04-30
- NAID 10030622812
- 吉川 美喜子,原田 幸児,住田 鋼一,山口 通雅,赤井 靖宏
- 日本透析医学会雑誌 45(7), 581-585, 2012
- 症例は73歳,男性.71歳から糖尿病性腎症による慢性腎臓病のため血液透析が導入されたが,自己血管での動静脈瘻の作製が不可能であったため,人工血管による内シャントが作製された.73歳時にMRSAによる人工血管感染と化膿性椎間板炎のため当院に入院し,抗生剤による治療と人工血管抜去術が施行された.動静脈瘻の再形成が困難と判断されたため,血液透析から腹膜透析に変更された.感染のコントロールは良好であったが …
- NAID 130002145583
- A Case of Aggressive NK-Cell Leukemia Diagnosed with Severe Epistaxis
- 岡崎 健,都築 建三,岡 秀樹,澤田 暁宏,岡田 昌也,竹林 宏記,佐伯 暢生,三代 康雄,阪上 雅史
- 耳鼻咽喉科臨床 105(1), 15-20, 2012
- … Disturbance of consciousness occurred. … Perioperative blood examination showed thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), electrolyte abnormality, hepatic dysfunction, and overwhelming acidosis, requiring that the man be managed in the intensive care unit (ICU), where he also suffered hemophagocytic syndrome and multiple organ failure (MOF). …
- NAID 130002141399
Related Links
- Electrolyte Disorders Definition An electrolyte disorder is an imbalance of certain ionized salts (i.e., bicarbonate, calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphate, potassium, and sodium) in the blood. Description Electrolytes are ionized ...
- Learn about Electrolyte Disturbance using 238 experiences from all over the web. You can check out and compare Electrolyte Disturbance medications and their side effects from the patients' point of view. Go to Treato and learn from ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- electrolyte abnormality
- 同
- 電解質失調 electrolyte disturbance、電解質平衡異常 electrolyte imbalance
- 関
- 確認テスト 電解質
基準値
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臨床検査法 提要第32版
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施設基準値
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Na+
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136~145
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mEq/l
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138~145
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mEq/l
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K+
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3.4~4.5
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mEq/l
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3.5~4.8
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mEq/l
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Cl-
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100~108
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mEq/l
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99~107
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mEq/l
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HCO3-
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22~26
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mEq/l
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アニオンギャップ
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12±4
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mEq/l
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総Ca
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8.6~10.1
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mg/dl
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8.8~10.0
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mg/dl
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イオン化Ca
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1.15~1.30
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mmol/l
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無機リン
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IP
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成人
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2.2~4.1
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mg/dl
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2.7~4.5
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mg/dl
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小児
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4.0~7.0
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Mg
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1.8~2.3
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mg/dl
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1.8~2.4
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mg/dl
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心電図との関連
- also see YN.D-149
カリウム
高カリウム血症 YN.D-142
- テント状T、P波消失、QRS延長、サインカーブ、心室細動
- 静止膜電位の上昇(脱分極)
- QRS波延長:(伝導速度の低下)細胞外K濃度が高い→活性化状態にあるNaチャネルが少なく、心筋細胞の脱分極第0相におけるNaの流入速度が低下→活動電位発生の時間が遷延
低カリウム血症 YN.D-141
- 静止膜電位の低下(過分極)
カルシウム
高カルシウム血症
- カルシウムの流入速度が速くなる?
低カルシウム血症
- QT延長(ST延長)、心収縮力低下。QRSの延長なし
- カルシウムの流入速度が遅くなる感じ?
- 低Ca血症+低Mg血症でAPD延長と早期後脱分極(EAD)によるtorsade de pointesのリスクが高まる
マグネシウム
高マグネシウム血症
低マグネシウム血症
[★]
- 乱すこと、騒がすこと、撹乱。不安、心配。(医)障害
- 騒動、動乱
- 妨害、邪魔
- 関
- anxiety、anxious、anxiously、barrier、damage、derangement、difficulty、discomfort、disorder、disturb、dysfunction、dysphoria、fear、foe、hamper、hindrance、impair、impairment、impede、impediment、intercept、interception、interfere、interrupt、interruption、lesion、obstacle、obstruct、occlusion、perturb、perturbation、preclusion、uneasy