common peroneal nerve

総腓骨神経

WordNet

1. to be expected; standard; "common decency"
2. common to or shared by two or more parties; "a common friend"; "the mutual interests of management and labor" (同)mutual
3. of or associated with the great masses of people; "the common people in those days suffered greatly"; "behavior that branded him as common"; "his square plebeian nose"; "a vulgar and objectionable person"; "the unwashed masses" (同)plebeian, vulgar, unwashed
4. commonly encountered; "a common (or familiar) complaint"; "the usual greeting" (同)usual
5. being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language; "common parlance"; "a vernacular term"; "vernacular speakers"; "the vulgar tongue of the masses"; "the technical and vulgar names for an animal species" (同)vernacular, vulgar
6. belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public; "for the common good"; "common lands are set aside for use by all members of a community"
7. having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual; "the common man"; "a common sailor"; "the common cold"; "a common nuisance"; "followed common procedure"; "it is common knowledge that she lives alone"; "the common housefly"; "a common brand of soap"
8. any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body (同)nervus
9. a pasture subject to common use (同)common_land
10. of or relating to the fibula or the outer part of the leg below the knee
11. control of your emotions; "this kind of tension is not good for my nerves"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (二つ以上のものに)『共通の』,共同の,共有の / 『一般の』,公共の,公衆の / 『普通の』,ありふれた / 慢凡な,並みの / 品のない,粗野な,野卑な(vulgar) / (数式で)共通の,公約の通約の・ (文法で)通性の,通格の(男性・女性どちらの格も用いることができる) ・〈C〉《時に複数形で》共有地,公有地,共有牧草;(市町村の)公園・〈U〉共有権
2. 〈C〉『神経』 / 〈C〉《複数形で》『神経過敏』,いらだち / 〈U〉『勇気』,度胸(courage) / 〈U〉《時にa ~》厚かましさ,ずぶとさ;無礼 / 〈C〉葉脈;(昆虫の)翅脈(しみゃく) / 〈人,特に自分〉‘に'力を与える,‘を'元気づける
3. 《古》平民,庶民 / 《the C-》《英》下院(the House of Commons);《集合的に》下院議員 / (大学の大食堂での)共同食事 / 《単数扱い》(特に大学の)大食堂

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/24 07:38:58」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

"Peroneal nerve" redirects here. This is not to be confused with Perineal nerve.

Nerve: Common fibular
Nerves of the right lower extremity Posterior view. (Common fibular labeled at center right as common peroneal.)
Latin	Nervus fibularis communis, Nervus peronaeus communis
Gray's	p.964
Innervates	Anterior compartment of leg, lateral compartment of leg, extensor digitorum brevis
From	sacral plexus via sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
To	Deep fibular nerve and Superficial fibular nerve

The common fibular nerve (common peroneal nerve; external popliteal nerve; peroneal nerve; lateral popliteal nerve), about one-half the size of the tibial nerve, is derived from the dorsal branches of the fourth and fifth lumbar and the first and second sacral nerves.

It descends obliquely along the lateral side of the popliteal fossa to the head of the fibula, close to the medial margin of the biceps femoris muscle. Where the common peroneal nerve winds round the head of the fibula, it is palpable.

Structure

It lies between the tendon of the biceps femoris and lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle, winds around the neck of the fibula, between the peronæus longus and the bone, and divides beneath the muscle into the superficial fibular nerve (superficial peroneal nerve) and deep fibular nerve (deep peroneal nerve).

Branches

Previous to its division it gives off articular and lateral sural cutaneous nerves.

• The articular branches (rami articulares) are three in number:
  • Two of these accompany the superior and inferior lateral genicular arteries to the knee; the upper one occasionally arises from the trunk of the sciatic nerve.
  • The third (recurrent) articular nerve is given off at the point of division of the common fibular nerve; it ascends with the anterior recurrent tibial artery through the tibialis anterior to the front of the knee.

• The lateral sural cutaneous nerve (nervus cutaneus surae lateralis; lateral cutaneous branch) supplies the skin on the posterior and lateral surfaces of the leg.
• The motor branches:
  • As the common fibular nerve exits the popliteal fossa, it courses around the lateral aspect of the leg just below the head of the fibula. Here it is apposed with fibula and gives off two branches, the superficial fibular (peroneal) branch and deep fibular (peroneal) branch.
  • The superficial peroneal nerve supplies the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg namely: peroneus longus and peroneus brevis. These two muscle help in eversion and plantar flexion of the foot.
  • The deep peroneal nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg which are: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and the fibularis (peroneus) tertius. Together these muscles are responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot and extension of the toes.
  • The deep peroneal nerve also innervates intrinsic muscles of the foot including the extensor digitorum brevis and the extensor hallucis brevis.

Function

It innervates the peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, and the short head of the biceps femoris muscles.

Clinical significance

Chronic peroneal neuropathy can result from, among other conditions, bed rest of long duration, hyperflexion of the knee, peripheral neuropathy, pressure in obstetric stirrups, and conditioning in ballet dancers. The most common cause is habitual leg crossing that compresses the common fibular nerve as it crosses around the head of fibula. Transient trauma to the nerve can result from peroneal strike.

Damage to this nerve typically results in foot drop, where dorsiflexion of the foot is compromised and the foot drags (the toe points) during walking; and in sensory loss to the dorsal surface of the foot and portions of the anterior, lower-lateral leg. A common yoga kneeling exercise, the Varjrasana, has been linked to a variant called yoga foot drop .

Surgery

• Peroneal nerve decompression:
  • To surgically decompress the fibular nerve, an incision is made over the neck of the fibula. Fascia surrounding the nerves to the lateral side of the leg is released.

• Deep peroneal nerve decompression:
  • In the surgical treatment of deep fibular nerve entrapment in the foot, a ligament from the extensor digitorum brevis muscle that crosses over the deep peroneal nerve, putting pressure on it and causing pain, is released.

Additional images

• Nervous system

• Front and posterior views of cutaneous nerves of the right lower extremity

• A schematic of the sacral plexus showing the origin of the common fibular nerve (labeled at the bottom left)

• Common fibular nerve

• Common peroneal nerve

• Common peroneal nerve

See also

This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see anatomical terminology.

• Deep fibular nerve
• Peroneal vein
• Peroneus muscles
• Sacral plexus

References

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

External links

• Anatomy photo:14:st-0501 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
• Peroneal_nerve at the Duke University Health System's Orthopedics program
• Anatomy at MUN nerve/scianerv
• latleg at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
• arteries-nerves%20LE/nerves4 at the Dartmouth Medical School's Department of Anatomy
• Overview at okstate.edu

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 下肢末梢神経症候群の概要 overview of lower extremity peripheral nerve syndromes
• 2. 腰仙部神経根障害：病態生理、臨床的特徴、および診断 lumbosacral radiculopathy pathophysiology clinical features and diagnosis
• 3. 末梢神経ブロック：手技 peripheral nerve block techniques
• 4. 小児における大腿骨遠位部骨折 distal femoral fractures in children
• 5. 臨床神経生理学 clinical neurophysiology

English Journal

• Differentiated adipose-derived stem cells promote myelination and enhance functional recovery in a rat model of chronic denervation.

• Tomita K, Madura T, Mantovani C, Terenghi G.SourceBlond McIndoe Laboratories, Regenerative Biomedicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. ktomita9@hotmail.co.jp.
• Journal of neuroscience research.J Neurosci Res.2012 Jul;90(7):1392-402. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23002. Epub 2012 Mar 15.
• Transplantation of autologous Schwann cells (SCs) is a promising approach for treating various peripheral nerve disorders, including chronic denervation. However, given their drawbacks, such as invasive biopsy and lengthy culture in vitro, alternative cell sources would be needed. Adipose-derived st
• PMID 22419645

• Skeletal muscles of hibernating brown bears are unusually resistant to effects of denervation.

• Lin DC, Hershey JD, Mattoon JS, Robbins CT.SourceVoiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
• The Journal of experimental biology.J Exp Biol.2012 Jun 15;215(Pt 12):2081-7.
• Hibernating bears retain most of their skeletal muscle strength despite drastically reduced weight-bearing activity. Regular neural activation of muscles is a potential mechanism by which muscle atrophy could be limited. However, both mechanical loading and neural activity are usually necessary to m
• PMID 22623196

Japanese Journal

• Spinal Subdural Hematoma Associated With Traumatic Intracranial Interhemispheric Subdural Hematoma

• WAJIMA Daisuke,YOKOTA Hiroshi,IDA Yuki,NAKASE Hiroyuki
• Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 52(9), 636-639, 2012-09-15
• … Nerve conduction velocity measurements at the knee joint to lower limb showed disappearance of the left peroneal nerve conduction wave, indicating that one of the causes of drop foot was common peroneal nerve palsy. …
• NAID 10030872958

• TKA施行後に脛骨・総腓骨神経麻痺が生じた高度破壊膝の一例

• 小山 博史,高橋 正哲,大村 亮宏,花田 充
• JOSKAS 37(2), 244-245, 2012-04-25
• NAID 10030626079

Related Links

• Common peroneal nerve dysfunction: MedlinePlus Medical ...

The peroneal nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve, which supplies movement and sensation to the lower leg, foot and toes. Common peroneal nerve dysfunction is a type of peripheral neuropathy (damage to nerves ...

• Common Peroneal - Neuromuscular Home Page

COMMON PERONEAL NERVE 1 Anatomy Formed by: Axons from L4, L5, S1 & S2 roots Course of axons Through popliteal fossa: Separates from sciatic nerve in upper fossa Behind head & along fibula: Covered only by skin ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「総腓骨神経」
関連記事	「common」「nerve」「peroneal」「peroneal nerve」

「総腓骨神経」

　　[★]

英

common peroneal nerve (KL,N,M,KH), common fibular nerve (B,KL,N,M,)

ラ

nervus peroneus communis, nervus fibularis communis

筋枝：下腿の前区域、後区域の全ての筋、足背の筋
皮枝：下腿前面の外側、足背}

• 図：N.522

由来

• 坐骨神経→総腓骨神経+脛骨神経

枝

• 外側腓腹皮神経 lateral sural cutaneous nerve
• 浅腓骨神経 superficial peroneal nerve　→長腓骨筋、短腓骨筋：外反と底屈
• 深腓骨神経 deep peroneal nerve　　　　　 →前脛骨筋：背屈と内反。長趾伸筋、短趾伸筋、長母趾伸筋

支配

• 大腿二頭筋短頭

走行

• 大腿二頭筋の内側に沿って下行し、腓骨頭のすぐ下で腓骨の外側を前下方に回り、外側腓腹皮神経の枝を出した後、浅腓骨神経と深腓骨神経に分かれる (KL.212)(N.502)
• 膝窩の後ろあたりで、大腿二頭筋の下縁に沿って浅層を走行し、腓骨頚のあたりで、深層に潜る(N.503)

臨床関連

• 尖足 = 下垂足
• ニワトリ歩行 = 鶏状歩行

脊髄神経

支配神経根	責任椎間高位	深部反射	感覚領域	支配筋
L4	L3-4	膝蓋腱反射	膝蓋骨の内側近辺	大腿四頭筋
L5	L4-5		膝蓋骨下外側から母趾にかけて下方に斜行	前脛骨筋、長母趾伸筋、長趾伸筋
S1	L5-S1	アキレス腱反射	小趾	下腿三頭筋、長母趾屈筋、長趾屈筋

「common」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 共通の、通常の、総、普通の、共通性の

関

commonly、conventional、general、generally、in general、normal、normally、ordinarily、ordinary、total、usual、usually

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「nerve」

　　[★]

• n.

• 神経

関

nervi、nervous、nervus、neural、neuro、neuron

　 　

「peroneal」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 腓骨の

関

calf bone、fibula、fibular

　

「peroneal nerve」

　　[★]

腓骨神経

関

fibular nerve