腓骨の

関: calf bone、fibula、peroneal

WordNet

of or relating to the fibula or the outer part of the leg below the knee
the outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle (同)calf_bone

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(下腿部の)腓骨(ひこつ)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/05 08:54:41」(JST)

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The fibula (/ˈfɪbjʉlə/^[1]^[2]) or calf bone is a leg bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the slenderest of all the long bones. Its upper extremity is small, placed toward the back of the head of the tibia, below the level of the knee joint, and excluded from the formation of this joint. Its lower extremity inclines a little forward, so as to be on a plane anterior to that of the upper end; it projects below the tibia, and forms the lateral part of the ankle joint.

Structure

The bone has the following components:

Lateral malleolus
Interosseous membrane connecting the fibula to the tibia, forming a syndesmoses joint
The superior tibiofibular articulation is an arthrodial joint between the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head of the fibula.
The inferior tibiofibular articulation (tibiofibular syndesmosis) is formed by the rough, convex surface of the medial side of the lower end of the fibula, and a rough concave surface on the lateral side of the tibia.

Blood supply

The blood supply is important for planning free tissue transfer because the fibula is commonly used to reconstruct the mandible. The shaft is supplied in its middle third by a large nutrient vessel from the fibular artery. It is also perfused from its periosteum which receives many small branches from the fibular artery. The proximal head and the epiphysis are supplied by a branch of the anterior tibial artery. In harvesting the bone the middle third is always taken and the ends preserved (4 cm proximally and 6 cm distally)

Development

The fibula is ossified from three centers, one for the shaft, and one for either end. Ossification begins in the body about the eighth week of fetal life, and extends toward the extremities. At birth the ends are cartilaginous.

Ossification commences in the lower end in the second year, and in the upper about the fourth year. The lower epiphysis, the first to ossify, unites with the body about the twentieth year; the upper epiphysis joins about the twenty-fifth year.

Function

The fibula does not carry any significant load (weight) of the body. It extends past the lower end of the tibia and forms the outer part of the ankle providing stability to this joint. It has grooves for certain ligaments which gives them leverage and multiplies the muscle force. It provides attachment points for the following muscles:

Muscle attachments (seen from the front)

Muscle attachments (seen from the back)

Muscle	Direction	Attachment^[3]
Biceps femoris muscle	Insertion	Head of fibula
Extensor hallucis longus muscle	Origin	Medial side of fibula
Extensor digitorum longus muscle	Origin	Proximal part of the medial side of fibulua
Fibularis tertius	Origin	Distal part of the medial side of fibulua
Fibularis longus	Origin	Head and the lateral side of fibula
Fibularis brevis	Origin	Distal 2/3 of the lateral side of fibula
Soleus muscle	Origin	Proximal 1/3 of the posterior side of fibula
Tibialis posterior muscle	Origin	Lateral part of the posterior side of fibula
Flexor hallucis longus muscle	Origin	Posterior side of fibula

Clinical significance

Avulsion fracture

An avulsion fracture of the head of the fibula refers to the fracture of the fibular head because of a sudden contraction of the biceps femoris muscle that pulls its site of attachment on the bone. The attachment of the biceps femoris tendon on the fibular head is closely related to the lateral collateral ligament of the knee. Therefore, this ligament is prone to injury in this type of avulsion fracture.^[4]

History

Etymology

The word fibula can be dated back to c. 1670 to describe a clasp or brooch – see fibula (brooch) – and was first used in English for the smaller bone in the lower leg c. 1706. It derives from Latin fībula, also meaning a clasp or brooch. The bone was so called because it resembles a clasp like a modern safety pin.^[5]

In other animals

Because the fibula bears relatively little weight in comparison with the tibia, it is typically narrower in all but the most primitive tetrapods. In many animals, it still articulates with the posterior part of the lower extremity of the femur, but this feature is frequently lost (as it is in humans). In some animals, the reduction of the fibula has proceeded even further than it has in humans, with the loss of the tarsal articulation, and, in extreme cases (such as the horse), partial fusion with the tibia.^[6]

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ OED 2nd edition, 1989.
^ Entry "fibula" in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
^ Bojsen-Møller, Finn; Simonsen, Erik B.; Tranum-Jensen, Jørgen (2001). Bevægeapparatets anatomi [Anatomy of the Locomotive Apparatus] (in Danish) (12th ed.). pp. 364–367. ISBN 978-87-628-0307-7. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
^ Gottsegen, CJ; Eyer, BA; White, EA; Learch, TJ; Forrester, D (2008). "Avulsion fractures of the knee: imaging findings and clinical significance.". Radiographics 28 (6): 1755–1770. doi:10.1148/rg.286085503. PMID 18936034.
^ etymonline.com
^ Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 205. ISBN 0-03-910284-X.

Additional Images

Position of fibula (shown in red)
Shape of fibula (right)
Diagram which depicts ossification of human fibula.
Lower extremity of right fibula. Medial aspect.
Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Lateral view.
Ankle joint. Deep dissection.
Ankle joint. Deep dissection.
Knee and tibiofibular joint.Deep dissection. Anterior view.
Knee and tibiofibular joint.Deep dissection. Anterior view.
Knee joint.Deep dissection. Anteromedial view.
Knee, tibiofibular and ankle joints.Deep dissection. Anterolateral view.
Knee, tibiofibular and ankle joints.Deep dissection. Anterolateral view.
Ankle joint. Bones of foot.Deep dissection.
Knee joint. Deep dissection. Posterior view.

External links

Anatomy photo:17:st-1402 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
Osteocutaneous fibula flap video on Youtube.com

UpToDate Contents

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1. 腓骨骨折 fibular fractures
2. 外傷性単神経障害 traumatic mononeuropathies
3. 小児における脛骨および腓骨骨幹部骨折 tibial and fibular shaft fractures in children
4. 膝の身体診察 physical examination of the knee
5. 距骨骨折 talus fractures

English Journal

Is the corticomedullary index valid to distinguish human from nonhuman bones: A multislice computed tomography study.

Rérolle C, Saint-Martin P, Dedouit F, Rousseau H, Telmon N.SourceService de Médecine Légale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Régional de Tours, Hôpital Trousseau, 37044 Tours Cedex 9, France; Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288, Faculté de Médecine, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France. Electronic address: camille.rerolle@gmail.com.
Forensic science international.Forensic Sci Int.2013 Sep 10;231(1-3):406.e1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.05.016. Epub 2013 Jun 12.
The first step in the identification process of bone remains is to determine whether they are of human or nonhuman origin. This issue may arise when only a fragment of bone is available, as the species of origin is usually easily determined on a complete bone. The present study aims to assess the va
PMID 23768424

Comparison of outcome of microvascular bony head and neck reconstructions using the fibular free flap and the iliac crest flap.

Mücke T, Loeffelbein DJ, Kolk A, Wagenpfeil S, Kanatas A, Wolff KD, Mitchell DA, Kesting MR.SourceDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technische Universität München, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Germany. Electronic address: th.mucke@gmx.de.
The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery.Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg.2013 Sep;51(6):514-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2013.01.007. Epub 2013 Feb 8.
Several microvascular free flaps are available for reconstruction of the osseous components after resections for head and neck cancer. We have prospectively evaluated patients treated by bony microsurgical reconstruction to identify predictors of adverse outcomes for delayed wound healing and failur
PMID 23399107

Cross sectional area reference values for sonography of peripheral nerves and brachial plexus.

Kerasnoudis A, Pitarokoili K, Behrendt V, Gold R, Yoon MS.SourceDepartment of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany. Electronic address: antonis.kerasnoudis@gmail.com.
Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.Clin Neurophysiol.2013 Sep;124(9):1881-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.03.007. Epub 2013 Apr 10.
OBJECTIVE: Ultrasound measurements of the cross sectional area (CSA) variability have been recently introduced to quantify pathological changes in peripheral nerves (PN).METHODS: Reference values from 75 healthy subjects and their correlation to age, height, weight and sex are reported.RESULTS: The
PMID 23583024

Japanese Journal

Statistical Analysis of Interactive Surgical Planning Using Shape Descriptors in Mandibular Reconstruction with Fibular Segments

PLOS ONE 11(9), 2016-09-01
NAID 120005867039

臨床室下腿外傷後に発症した槌趾変形に対し後足部内視鏡下手術を行った1例

整形外科 = Orthopedic surgery 67(10), 1054-1057, 2016-09
NAID 40020941957

経験と考察軟部組織欠損を伴う[ケイ]骨開放骨折に対する血管柄付き腓骨移植術の治療成績

整形外科 = Orthopedic surgery 67(9), 947-949, 2016-08
NAID 40020923134

Related Pictures

$GMEP — Fibular shaft fracture$

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「peroneal」「calf bone」
拡張検索	「fibular nerve」

「peroneal」

Fibula
	Position of fibula in human (shown in red)
	Cross section of human lower leg, showing fibula in centre (latin terminology)
Details
Latin	(os) fibula
Articulations	Superior and inferior tibiofibular joint
Identifiers
Gray's	p.260
MeSH	A02.835.232.043.650.321
TA	A02.5.07.001
FMA	24479
	Anatomical terms of bone