関: fibular nerve

WordNet

any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body (同)nervus
of or relating to the fibula or the outer part of the leg below the knee
control of your emotions; "this kind of tension is not good for my nerves"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『神経』 / 〈C〉《複数形で》『神経過敏』,いらだち / 〈U〉『勇気』,度胸(courage) / 〈U〉《時にa ~》厚かましさ,ずぶとさ;無礼 / 〈C〉葉脈;(昆虫の)翅脈(しみゃく) / 〈人,特に自分〉‘に'力を与える,‘を'元気づける

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/01 18:48:21」(JST)

wiki en

The common fibular nerve (common peroneal nerve; external popliteal nerve; peroneal nerve; lateral popliteal nerve), about one-half the size of the tibial nerve, is derived from the dorsal branches of the fourth and fifth lumbar and the first and second sacral nerves.

It descends obliquely along the lateral side of the popliteal fossa to the head of the fibula, close to the medial margin of the biceps femoris muscle. Where the common peroneal nerve winds round the head of the fibula, it is palpable.^[1]

Structure

It lies between the tendon of the biceps femoris and lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle, winds around the neck of the fibula, between the peronæus longus and the bone, and divides beneath the muscle into the superficial fibular nerve (superficial peroneal nerve) and deep fibular nerve (deep peroneal nerve).

Branches

Previous to its division it gives off articular and lateral sural cutaneous nerves.

The articular branches (rami articulares) are three in number:
- Two of these accompany the superior and inferior lateral genicular arteries to the knee; the upper one occasionally arises from the trunk of the sciatic nerve.
- The third (recurrent) articular nerve is given off at the point of division of the common fibular nerve; it ascends with the anterior recurrent tibial artery through the tibialis anterior to the front of the knee.

The lateral sural cutaneous nerve (nervus cutaneus surae lateralis; lateral cutaneous branch) supplies the skin on the posterior and lateral surfaces of the leg.
The motor branches:
- As the common fibular nerve exits the popliteal fossa, it courses around the lateral aspect of the leg just below the head of the fibula. Here it is apposed with fibula and gives off two branches, the superficial fibular (peroneal) branch and deep fibular (peroneal) branch.
- The superficial peroneal nerve supplies the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg namely: peroneus longus and peroneus brevis. These two muscles assist with eversion and plantar flexion of the foot.
- The deep peroneal nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg which are: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and the fibularis (peroneus) tertius. Together these muscles are responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot and extension of the toes.
- The deep peroneal nerve also innervates intrinsic muscles of the foot including the extensor digitorum brevis and the extensor hallucis brevis.

Function

The common fibular nerve innervates the short head of the biceps femoris muscle via a motor branch that exits close to the gluteal cleft.^[2] The remainder of the fibular-innervated muscles are innervated by its branches, the deep fibular nerve and superficial fibular nerve.

It provides sensory innervation to the skin over the upper third of the lateral aspect of the leg via the lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf.^[3] It gives the peroneal communicating nerve which joins the sural nerve in the midcalf.

Clinical significance

Chronic peroneal neuropathy can result from, among other conditions, bed rest of long duration, hyperflexion of the knee, peripheral neuropathy, pressure in obstetric stirrups, and conditioning in ballet dancers. The most common cause is habitual leg crossing that compresses the common fibular nerve as it crosses around the head of fibula.^[4] Transient trauma to the nerve can result from peroneal strike.

Damage to this nerve typically results in foot drop, where dorsiflexion of the foot is compromised and the foot drags (the toe points) during walking; and in sensory loss to the dorsal surface of the foot and portions of the anterior, lower-lateral leg. A common yoga kneeling exercise, the Varjrasana, has been linked to a variant called yoga foot drop .^[5]^[6]

Surgery

Peroneal nerve decompression:
- To surgically decompress the fibular nerve, an incision is made over the neck of the fibula. Fascia surrounding the nerves to the lateral side of the leg is released.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

Deep peroneal nerve decompression:
- In the surgical treatment of deep fibular nerve entrapment in the foot, a ligament from the extensor digitorum brevis muscle that crosses over the deep peroneal nerve, putting pressure on it and causing pain, is released.^[10]

Additional images

Nervous system
Front and posterior views of cutaneous nerves of the right lower extremity
A schematic of the sacral plexus showing the origin of the common fibular nerve (labeled at the bottom left)
Common fibular nerve
Common peroneal nerve
Common peroneal nerve

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ Tam, Michael (2006-03-30). "Nerves of the Lower Limb". Medical student's retreat - Michael Tam's anatomy notes for medical students. Archived from the original on 2007-12-13. Retrieved 2010-05-08.
^ Katirji, Bashar (2007). Electromyography in Clinical Practice: A Case Study Approach, 2nd ed. Mosby Elsevier. p. 146. ISBN 9780323028998.
^ Katirji, Bashar (2007). Electromyography in Clinical Practice: A Case Study Approach, 2nd ed. Mosby Elsevier. p. 146. ISBN 9780323028998.
^ Bradley, Walter G. et al. (2004). Neurology in Clinical Practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 453–454. ISBN 0-7506-7469-5.
^ Joseph Chusid (August 9, 1971). "Yoga Foot Drop". JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association 271 (6): 827–828. doi:10.1001/jama.1971.03190060065025. Retrieved November 19, 2012.
^ William J. Broad (January 5, 2012). "How Yoga Can Wreck Your Body". The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
^ "Peroneal Nerve Injury (Foot Drop)", Neurology and Neurosurgery (Johns Hopkins School of Medicine), 2013-12-18, retrieved 2013-12-18
^ "Peroneal Nerve Entrapment at the Fibular Head", Department of Neurosurgery (NYU Langone Medical Center), 2013-12-18, retrieved 2013-12-18
^ About us, Dellon Institutes for Peroneal Nerve Surgery, 2013-12-18, retrieved 2013-12-18
^ ^a ^b Dellon Institutes Peroneal Nerve Compression Surgical Treatment (PDF), Dellon Institutes for Peroneal Nerve Surgery, 2006-02-20, retrieved 2013-12-18

External links

Anatomy photo:14:st-0501 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
Peroneal_nerve at the Duke University Health System's Orthopedics program
latleg at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
arteries-nerves%20LE/nerves4 at the Dartmouth Medical School's Department of Anatomy
Overview at okstate.edu

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 下肢末梢神経症候群の概要 overview of lower extremity peripheral nerve syndromes
2. 外傷性単神経障害 traumatic mononeuropathies
3. 神経伝導検査の概要 overview of nerve conduction studies
4. Lower extremity nerve blocks: Techniques
5. 骨盤手術に関連する神経損傷 nerve injury associated with pelvic surgery

English Journal

Real-time imaging of cortical and subcortical control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in awake human subjects.

James C, Macefield VG, Henderson LA.SourceSchool of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Australia.
NeuroImage.Neuroimage.2013 Apr 15;70:59-65. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.12.047. Epub 2012 Dec 31.
Blood pressure is controlled on a beat-to-beat basis through fluctuations in heart rate and the degree of sympathetically-mediated vasoconstriction in skeletal muscles. By recording muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) at the same time as performing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) o
PMID 23287526

Evidence to support that adventitial cysts, analogous to intraneural ganglion cysts, are also joint-connected.

Spinner RJ, Desy NM, Agarwal G, Pawlina W, Kalra M, Amrami KK.SourceDepartment of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Anatomy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota. spinner.robert@mayo.edu.
Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.).Clin Anat.2013 Mar;26(2):267-81. doi: 10.1002/ca.22152. Epub 2012 Aug 29.
Cystic adventitial disease (CAD) is a rare condition in which cyst is found within a vessel, typically producing symptoms of vascular compromise. Most commonly located in the popliteal artery near the knee, it has been reported in arteries and veins throughout the body. Its pathogenesis has been poo
PMID 22933403

Modulation of reciprocal and presynaptic inhibition during robotic-assisted stepping in humans.

Mummidisetty CK, Smith AC, Knikou M.SourceElectrophysiological Analysis of Gait & Posture Laboratory, Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.Clin Neurophysiol.2013 Mar;124(3):557-64. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.09.007. Epub 2012 Oct 6.
OBJECTIVE: To establish the modulation pattern of reciprocal inhibition and presynaptic inhibition of soleus Ia afferents during robot-assisted stepping in healthy subjects.METHODS: During stepping, the soleus H-reflex was conditioned by percutaneous stimulation of the ipsilateral common peroneal ne
PMID 23046639

Japanese Journal

Effectiveness of Deep Peroneal Nerve Block for the Management of Lumbar Disease with Leg Cramps (日本脊椎脊髄病学会英文原著号)

Journal of spine research : official journal of the Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research 6(2), 119-124, 2015-02
NAID 40020380594

Effect of exercise therapy combining electrical therapy and balance training on functional instability resulting from ankle sprain—focus on stability of jump landing

Journal of Physical Therapy Science 27(10), 3069-3071, 2015
NAID 130005105996

多発性単神経炎を呈し緩徐進行性の運動障害を主徴とした原発性シェーグレン症候群の1例

臨床神経学 55(10), 753-758, 2015
NAID 130005103331

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「腓骨神経」「fibular nerve」
拡張検索	「lateral branch of superficial peroneal nerve」
関連記事	「nerve」「peroneal」

「腓骨神経」

Common fibular
	Nerves of the right lower extremity Posterior view. (Common fibular labeled at center right as common peroneal.)
Details
Latin	Nervus fibularis communis,; Nervus peronaeus communis
From	sacral plexus via sciatic nerve (L4-S2)
To	Deep fibular nerve and Superficial fibular nerve
Innervates	Anterior compartment of leg, lateral compartment of leg, extensor digitorum brevis
Identifiers
Gray's	p.964
Dorlands; /Elsevier	n_05/12565792
TA	A14.2.07.047
FMA	19039
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy