conventional

• adj.

• 通常の、慣習的な、従来の、ありふれた、(方法)従来法の、(実験動物)通常飼育の

関

common、commonly、conventionally、general、generally、in general、normal、normally、ordinarily、ordinary、so far、usual、usually

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. unimaginative and conformist; "conventional bourgeois lives"; "conventional attitudes"
2. conforming with accepted standards; "a conventional view of the world" (同)established
3. represented in simplified or symbolic form (同)formal, schematic
4. (weapons) using energy for propulsion or destruction that is not nuclear energy; "conventional warfare"; "conventional weapons"
5. following accepted customs and proprieties; "conventional wisdom"; "she had strayed from the path of conventional behavior"; "conventional forms of address"
6. in accord with or being a tradition or practice accepted from the past; "a conventional church wedding with the bride in traditional white"; "the conventional handshake"
7. to be expected; standard; "common decency"
8. common to or shared by two or more parties; "a common friend"; "the mutual interests of management and labor" (同)mutual
9. of or associated with the great masses of people; "the common people in those days suffered greatly"; "behavior that branded him as common"; "his square plebeian nose"; "a vulgar and objectionable person"; "the unwashed masses" (同)plebeian, vulgar, unwashed
10. commonly encountered; "a common (or familiar) complaint"; "the usual greeting" (同)usual
11. being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language; "common parlance"; "a vernacular term"; "vernacular speakers"; "the vulgar tongue of the masses"; "the technical and vulgar names for an animal species" (同)vernacular, vulgar
12. belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public; "for the common good"; "common lands are set aside for use by all members of a community"
13. having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual; "the common man"; "a common sailor"; "the common cold"; "a common nuisance"; "followed common procedure"; "it is common knowledge that she lives alone"; "the common housefly"; "a common brand of soap"
14. somewhat indefinite; "bearing a general resemblance to the original"; "a general description of the merchandise"
15. a general officer of the highest rank (同)full general
16. the head of a religious order or congregation (同)superior general
17. a fact about the whole (as opposed to particular); "he discussed the general but neglected the particular"
18. affecting the entire body; "a general anesthetic"; "general symptoms"
19. applying to all or most members of a category or group; "the general public"; "general assistance"; "a general rule"; "in general terms"; "comprehensible to the general reader"
20. command as a general; "We are generaled by an incompetent!"
21. not specialized or limited to one class of things; "general studies"; "general knowledge"
22. prevailing among and common to the general public; "the general discontent"
23. in accordance with scientific laws
24. being approximately average or within certain limits in e.g. intelligence and development; "a perfectly normal child"; "of normal intelligence"; "the most normal person Ive ever met"
25. conforming with or constituting a norm or standard or level or type or social norm; not abnormal; "serve wine at normal room temperature"; "normal diplomatic relations"; "normal working hours"; "normal word order"; "normal curiosity"; "the normal course of events"
26. forming a right angle
27. not exceptional in any way especially in quality or ability or size or degree; "ordinary everyday objects"; "ordinary decency"; "an ordinary day"; "an ordinary wine"
28. the expected or commonplace condition or situation; "not out of the ordinary"
29. an early bicycle with a very large front wheel and small back wheel (同)ordinary bicycle
30. (heraldry) any of several conventional figures used on shields
31. a clergyman appointed to prepare condemned prisoners for death
32. a judge of a probate court
33. occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure; "grew the usual vegetables"; "the usual summer heat"; "came at the usual time"; "the childs usual bedtime"
34. not conventional or conformist; "unconventional life styles"
35. not conforming to accepted rules or standards; "her unconventional dress and hair style"
36. unorthodoxy by virtue of being unconventional
37. originality by virtue of being unconventional
38. the act of conventionalizing; conforming to a conventional style (同)conventionalisation
39. in an unconventional manner; "she always behaves rather unconventionally"
40. the act of convening (同)convening
41. something regarded as a normative example; "the convention of not naming the main character"; "violence is the rule not the exception"; "his formula for impressing visitors" (同)normal, pattern, rule, formula
42. (diplomacy) an international agreement
43. a large formal assembly; "political convention"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『型にはまった』,おきまりの / 慣例の,示慣的な,因襲的な / (核兵器に対して)通常兵器の
2. (二つ以上のものに)『共通の』,共同の,共有の / 『一般の』,公共の,公衆の / 『普通の』,ありふれた / 慢凡な,並みの / 品のない,粗野な,野卑な(vulgar) / (数式で)共通の,公約の通約の・ (文法で)通性の,通格の(男性・女性どちらの格も用いることができる) ・〈C〉《時に複数形で》共有地,公有地,共有牧草;(市町村の)公園・〈U〉共有権
3. (あるグループ)『全部の』,全部を含む / 『世間一般の』,広く行き渡った / 『一般の』,専門的でない / 『大体の』,概略の / 『陸軍大将』;(陸軍の)『将軍』,将官 / 概して,一般に
4. 『正常な』,『通常の』,標準の / (人が肉体・知能・情緒の発達において)平均的な,年齢相応の / (線などが)垂直な;(…に)垂直な《+『to』+『名』》・普通の;典型的な;直角をなす (to)・（実験動物が）常態の, 未処置［未免疫］の;（濃度が）規定の・常態;垂線, 法線;平均量［値］正常,通常;標準
5. 『いつもの』(usual) / 『普通の』,平凡な
6. 『いつもの』,通例の,おきまりの
7. しきたりにとらわれない,型にはまらない
8. …'を'習慣化する,因習化する
9. 〈C〉(宗教上や政治上など特別の目的の)『会議』,協議会;《米》党大会(大統領候補者の指名・綱領決定などをする) / 〈C〉〈U〉『因習』,慣例,しきたり / 〈C〉(国家間などの)協定,申し合わせ

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/02/21 00:10:57」(JST)

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Herringbone stonework which usually indicates 11th century construction

A convention is a set of agreed, stipulated, or generally accepted standards, norms, social norms, or criteria, often taking the form of a custom.

Certain types of rules or customs may become law and regulatory legislation may be introduced to formalize or enforce the convention (for example, laws that define on which side of the road vehicles must be driven). In a social context, a convention may retain the character of an "unwritten law" of custom (for example, the manner in which people greet each other, such as by shaking each other's hands).

In physical sciences, numerical values (such as constants, quantities, or scales of measurement) are called conventional if they do not represent a measured property of nature, but originate in a convention, for example an average of many measurements, agreed between the scientists working with these values.

General

A convention is a selection from among two or more alternatives, where the rule or alternative is agreed upon among participants. Often the word refers to unwritten customs shared throughout a community. For instance, it is conventional in many societies that strangers being introduced shake hands. Some conventions are explicitly legislated; for example, it is conventional in the United States and in Germany that motorists drive on the right side of the road, whereas in New Zealand, England, Australia, Mauritius, and Barbados motorists drive on the left. The standardization of time is a human convention based on the solar cycle or calendar. The extent to which justice is conventional (as opposed to natural or objective) is historically an important debate among philosophers.

The nature of conventions has raised long-lasting philosophical discussion. Quine, Davidson, and David Lewis published influential writings on the subject. Lewis's account of convention received an extended critique in Margaret Gilbert's On Social Facts (1989), where an alternative account is offered. Another view of convention comes from Ruth Millikan's Language: A Biological Model (2005), once more against Lewis.

According to David Kalupahana, The Buddha described conventions — whether linguistic, social, political, moral, ethical, or even religious — as arising dependent on specific conditions. According to his paradigm, when conventions are considered absolute realities, they contribute to dogmatism, which in turn leads to conflict. This does not mean that conventions should be absolutely ignored as unreal and therefore useless. Instead, according to Buddhist thought, a wise person adopts a middle way without holding conventions to be ultimate or ignoring them when they are fruitful.

Customary or social conventions

Social

Main articles: Norm (social), Mores, Norm (philosophy) and taboo

In sociology a social rule refers to any social convention commonly adhered to in a society. These rules are not written in law or otherwise formalized. In social constructionism there is a great focus on social rules. It is argued that these rules are socially constructed, that these rules act upon every member of a society, but at the same time, are re-produced by the individuals.

Sociologists representing symbolic interactionism argue that social rules are created through the interaction between the members of a society. The focus on active interaction highlights the fluid, shifting character of social rules. These are specific to the social context, a context that varies through time and place. That means a social rule changes over time within the same society. What was acceptable in the past may no longer be the case. Similarly, rules differ across space: what is acceptable in one society may not be so in another.

Social rules reflect what is acceptable or normal behaviour in any situation. Michel Foucault's concept of discourse is closely related to social rules as it offers a possible explanation how these rules are shaped and change. It is the social rules that tell people what is normal behaviour for any specific category. Thus, social rules tell a woman how to behave in a womanly manner, and a man, how to be manly. Other such rules are as follows:

• Strangers being introduced shake hands, as in Western societies, but
  • Bow toward each other, in Korea, Japan and China
  • Do not bow at each other, in the Jewish tradition
  • In the United States, eye contact, a nod of the head toward each other, and a smile, with no bowing; the palm of the hand faces sideways, neither upward nor downward, in a business handshake.
  • Present business cards to each other, in business meetings
• Click heels together, in past eras of Western history
• A woman's curtsey, in some societies
• In the Middle East, never displaying the sole of the foot toward another, as this would be seen as a grave insult.
• In many schools, though seats for students are not assigned they are still "claimed" by certain students, and sitting in someone else's seat is considered an insult

Government

Main article: Constitutional convention (political custom)

In government, convention is a set of unwritten rules that participants in the government must follow. These rules can be ignored only if justification is clear, or can be provided. Otherwise, consequences follow. Consequences may include ignoring some other convention that has until now been followed. According to the traditional doctrine (Dicey), conventions cannot be enforced in courts, because they are non-legal sets of rules. Convention is particularly important in the Westminster System of government, where many of the rules are unwritten.

International law

Main article: International law

The term "convention" is also used in international law to refer to certain formal statements of principle such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Conventions are adopted by international bodies such as the International Labour Organization and the United Nations. Conventions so adopted usually apply only to countries that ratify them, and do not automatically apply to member states of such bodies. These conventions are generally seen as having the force of international treaties for the ratifying countries. The best known of these are perhaps the several Geneva Conventions.

See also

• De facto standard
• Standard (disambiguation)

References

External links

• Rescorla, Michael (2007) Convention, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
• Law-Ref.org, an index of important international conventions.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• An improved UPLC method for the detection of undeclared horse meat addition by using myoglobin as molecular marker.

• Di Giuseppe AM1, Giarretta N2, Lippert M2, Severino V1, Di Maro A3.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Feb 15;169:241-5. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.126. Epub 2014 Aug 9.
• In 2013, following the scandal of the presence of undeclared horse meat in various processed beef products across the Europe, several researches have been undertaken for the safety of consumer health. In this framework, an improved UPLC separation method has been developed to detect the presence of
• PMID 25236222

• Measurement of polyphenol oxidase activity using optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy-based immunosensor.

• Kim N1, Kim WY2.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Feb 15;169:211-7. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.130. Epub 2014 Aug 7.
• Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is an important quality index during food processing involving heat-treatment and sensitive determination of PPO activity has been a critical concern in the food industry. In this study, a new measurement of PPO activity exploiting an optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy
• PMID 25236218

• Comprehensive metabolomics to evaluate the impact of industrial processing on the phytochemical composition of vegetable purees.

• Lopez-Sanchez P1, de Vos RC2, Jonker HH2, Mumm R3, Hall RD2, Bialek L4, Leenman R4, Strassburg K5, Vreeken R5, Hankemeier T5, Schumm S4, van Duynhoven J6.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Feb 1;168:348-55. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.076. Epub 2014 Jul 24.
• The effects of conventional industrial processing steps on global phytochemical composition of broccoli, tomato and carrot purees were investigated by using a range of complementary targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches including LC-PDA for vitamins, (1)H NMR for polar metabolites, accurat
• PMID 25172720

• Synthesis, biological and comparative DFT studies on Ni(II) complexes of NO and NOS donor ligands.

• Yousef TA1, El-Gammal OA2, Ahmed SF2, Abu El-Reash GM3.
• Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2015 Jan 25;135:690-703. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.07.015. Epub 2014 Jul 19.
• Three new NOS donor ligands have been prepared by addition ethanolic suspension of 2-hydrazino-2-oxo-N-phenyl-acetamide to phenyl isocyanate (H2PAPS), phenyl isothiocyanate (H2PAPT) and benzoyl isothiocyanate (H2PABT). The Ni(II) complexes prepared from the chloride salt and characterized by convent
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Japanese Journal

• 耐震診断による上部構造評点を用いた木造在来軸組構法住宅の地震特性能評価

• 岩西 正晴,岩井 哲
• 広島工業大学紀要. 研究編 42, 191-197, 39479-00-00
• … This research aims to investigate the relationship between the amount of bearing-wall in an earthquake diagnosis evaluation, the fundamental natural frequency based on the micro-tremor measurement and the actual earthquake damage to conventional wooden-framed houses in Japan. …
• NAID 120005403279

• Self-Propelled Nano/Micromotors with a Chemical Reaction: Underlying Physics and Strategies of Motion Control

• Yamamoto Daigo,Shioi Akihisa
• KONA Powder and Particle Journal, 2015
• … The underlying physics is completely different from that of conventional macroscale motors. …
• NAID 130004687105

• A simple procedure to estimate reactivity with good noise filtering characteristics

• Shimazu Yoichiro
• Annals of Nuclear Energy 73, 392-397, 2014-11
• … The noise filtering capability is equivalent to or better than that of a conventional estimator based on Inverse Point Kinetics (IPK). …
• NAID 120005468588

• {L^1} Control Theoretic Smoothing Splines

• Nagahara Masaaki,Martin Clyde F.
• IEEE Signal Processing Letters 21(11), 1394-1397, 2014-11
• … Conventional design requires exactly the same number of base functions as given data, and the result is not robust against outliers. …
• NAID 120005466704

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conventionalとは。意味や和訳。[形]1 〈意見・ふるまいなどが〉型にはまった, 紋切り型 の；平凡な, 陳腐な, 常套(じょうとう)的なmake conventional remarks通り一ぺんのこと を言う.

• Conventional Strike Missile - ウィキペディア - Wikipedia

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conventional financial instrument:従来型金融商品...英語からも日本語からも検索 できて、解説、文例、コロケーションまで掲載した実用的な内容です。

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「general」「通常」「normal」「generally」「usual」
拡張検索	「unconventional」「unconventional infectious agent」「conventional radiography」「conventional therapy」「intensive conventional insulin therapy」
関連記事	「convention」

「general」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 一般の、総体的な、全般/総合的な、包括的な、普遍的な(opp. special)
• (専門的でなく)一般的な。通常の。雑多な、雑用の
• (詳細でなく)概括的な、大体の、概略の(opp. particular)。漠然とした、あいまいな(vague)

• n.

関

common、commonly、conventional、generally、generic、generically、in general、normal、normally、ordinarily、ordinary、popular、prevailing、systemic、total body、universal、universally、usual、usually、whole body、whole-body

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「通常」

　　[★]

英

usual、general、normal、ordinary、conventional、common、usually、ordinarily、generally、commonly、normally、in general

関

一般、共通、正常、全身、総、直鎖状、通常飼育、ノルマル、普通、一般的、規定濃度、普遍的、慣習的、従来、ありふれた、従来法、共通性、正規、正常型、全般

「normal」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 正常な、正常型の、普通の、通常の、(統計)正規の、(化学)規定濃度、直鎖状の、(直鎖状の)ノルマル

関

common、commonly、conventional、general、generally、in general、linear、N、n-、normally、ordinarily、ordinary、straight、usual、usually

　 　 　 　 　

「generally」

　　[★]

• adv.

• 一般に、一般的に、普遍的に、通常

関

common、commonly、conventional、general、generic、generically、in general、normal、normally、ordinarily、ordinary、popular、prevailing、universal、universally、usual、usually

　 　

「usual」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 常の、平常の、平素の、普段の、いつもの。通常の、通例の、ありふれた、日常の

• n.

• (the [one's] ～)いつものこと

関

common、commonly、conventional、general、generally、in general、normal、normally、ordinarily、ordinary、usually

　 　

「unconventional」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 非通常性の、非慣習的な、特殊な

関

special

　 　 　

「unconventional infectious agent」

　　[★]

• 特殊な病原体、従来みられなかった病原体

関

病原体

「conventional radiography」

　　[★]

• 単純X線検査、単純X線撮影

「conventional therapy」

　　[★]

• 通常療法、既存療法

「intensive conventional insulin therapy」

　　[★] 強化インスリン療法

「convention」

　　[★]

• n.

• 会議、慣習、協定

関

agreement、arrangement、conference、congress、council、custom、meeting、ordinance