parkinsonism

パーキンソン症候群

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/09 17:30:39」(JST)

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Parkinsonism
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	G20-G21
ICD-9	332
DiseasesDB	24212
MedlinePlus	000759
MeSH	D020734

Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome characterized by tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. Parkinsonism shares symptoms found in Parkinson's disease, from which it is named; but parkinsonism is a symptom complex, and differs from Parkinson disease which is a progressive neurodegenerative illness. The underlying causes of parkinsonism are numerous, and diagnosis can be complex. The neurodegenerative condition Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common cause of parkinsonism. However, a wide range of other etiologies may lead to a similar set of symptoms, including some toxins, a few metabolic diseases, and a handful of neurological conditions other than Parkinson's.

About 7% of people with parkinsonism have developed their symptoms following treatment with particular medications. Side effect of medications, mainly neuroleptic antipsychotics especially the phenothiazines (such as perphenazine and chlorpromazine), thioxanthenes (such as flupenthixol and zuclopenthixol) and butyrophenones (such as haloperidol (Haldol)), piperazines (such as ziprasidone), and, rarely, antidepressants. The incidence of drug-induced parkinsonism increases with age. Drug induced parkinsonism tends to remain at its presenting level, i.e. does not progress like the parkinson disease.

Differential diagnoses

Before Parkinson's disease is diagnosed the differential diagnoses include:

• AIDS can sometimes lead to the symptoms of secondary parkinsonism, due to commonly causing dopaminergic dysfunction. Indeed parkinsonism can be a presenting feature of HIV infection.
• Corticobasal degeneration
• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
• Dementia pugilistica or "boxer's dementia" is a condition that occurs in boxers due to chronic brain trauma
• Diffuse Lewy body disease
• Drug-induced parkinsonism ("pseudoparkinsonism") due to drugs such as antipsychotics, metoclopramide, MPTP
• Encephalitis lethargica
• Essential tremor, an illness which has some diagnostic overlap with Parkinson's disease.
• Multiple system atrophy
• Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, also known as Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) or Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome
• Parkinson plus syndrome
• Progressive supranuclear palsy
• Toxicity due to substances such as carbon monoxide, carbon disulfide, manganese, paraquat, mercury, hexane, rotenone, and toluene (inhalant abuse: "huffing")
• Vascular parkinsonism, associated with underlying cerebrovascular disease
• Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder in which there is an abnormal accumulation of copper. The excess copper can lead to the formation of a copper-dopamine complex, which leads to the oxidation of dopamine to aminochrome. The most common manifestations include bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity and a lack of balance.
• Paraneoplastic syndrome: neurological symptoms caused by antibodies associated with cancers
• Genetic
  • Rapid onset dystonia parkinsonism (DYT12)
  • Parkin mutation
  • X-linked dystonia parkinsonism (DYT3)
  • Autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (ARJP)

References

External links

• GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Perry syndrome
• GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. パーキンソン病の診断および鑑別診断 diagnosis and differential diagnosis of parkinson disease
• 2. 機能性不随意運動 functional movement disorders
• 3. パーキンソン病の薬理学的治療 pharmacologic treatment of parkinson disease
• 4. 多系統萎縮症：臨床的特徴および診断 multiple system atrophy clinical features and diagnosis
• 5. 統合失調症に対する薬物療法：副作用マネージメント pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia side effect management

English Journal

• Lysosomal dysfunction in neurodegeneration: The role of ATP13A2/PARK9.

• Usenovic M, Krainc D.SourceDepartment of Neurology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease; Charlestown, MA USA.
• Autophagy.Autophagy.2012 Jun 1;8(6). [Epub ahead of print]
• Neuronal homeostasis and survival critically depend on an efficient autophagy-lysosomal degradation pathway, especially since neurons cannot reduce the concentration of misfolded proteins and damaged organelles by cell division. While increasing evidence implicates lysosomal dysfunction in the patho
• PMID 22561922

• Behavioral and histological analysis of a partial double-lesion model of parkinson-variant multiple system atrophy.

• Kaindlstorfer C, García J, Winkler C, Wenning GK, Nikkhah G, Döbrössy MD.SourceNeurological Research Laboratory, University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria.
• Journal of neuroscience research.J Neurosci Res.2012 Jun;90(6):1284-95. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23021. Epub 2012 Feb 20.
• Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disease with progressive autonomic failure, cerebellar ataxia (MSA-C), and parkinsonism (MSA-P) resulting from neuronal loss in multiple brain areas associated with oligodendroglial cytoplasmic α-synuclein inclusion bodies. No effective treatment
• PMID 22488729

Japanese Journal

• 生体肝移植によりパーキンソニズム,認知機能の著明な改善をみとめた肝脳変性症の1例

• 石原 哲郎,伊藤 瑞規,渡辺 宏久 [他]
• 臨床神経学 52(8), 581-584, 2012-08
• NAID 40019405780

• 症例報告 心筋へのMIBG集積低下をみとめ,交感神経節に限局するLewy小体を合併した大脳皮質基底核変性症の1剖検例

• 森 恵子,岩崎 靖,伊藤 益美 [他]
• 臨床神経学 52(6), 405-410, 2012-06
• NAID 40019352845

Related Links

• Parkinsonism & Related Disorders - Journal - Elsevier

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders publishes the results of basic and clinical research contributing to the understanding, diagnosis and treatment... ... Parkinsonism & Related Disorders publishes the results of basic and clinical ...

• parkinsonismの意味・用例｜英辞郎 on the WEB：アルク

parkinsonism 【名】パーキンソン病 - アルクがお届けする進化するオンライン英和・和英辞書データベース。一般的な単語や連語から、イディオム、専門用語、スラングまで幅広く収録。 ... 英和・和英 対訳データオンライン検索サービス

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「パーキンソン症候群」「autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism」「autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease」「juvenile Parkinson disease」「juvenile parkinsonism」
拡張検索	「autosomal recessive parkinsonism」「autosomal dominant parkinsonism」「experimental parkinsonism」「neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism」「drug-induced parkinsonism」

「パーキンソン症候群」

　　[★]

英

parkinsonian syndrome

同

Parkinson症候群

関

パーキンソニズム parkinsonism

[show details]

パーキンソニズム : 約 16,400 件
パーキンソン症候群 : 約 33,800 件

分類

特発性	パーキンソン病
続発性	感染性	脳炎後パーキンソン症候群
		梅毒性パーキンソン症候群
	中毒性	一酸化炭素中毒
		マンガン中毒
		薬物中毒(抗精神病薬(ベンズアミド系(スルピリド)、フェノチアジン系(クロルプロマジン)、ブチロフェノン系(ハロペリドール))、降圧薬(レセルピン、αメチルドパ))
	血管性	動脈硬化症による
		脳梗塞による
関連疾患	線条体黒質変性症
	オリーブ橋小脳萎縮症
	シャイ・ドレーガー症候群
	進行性核上性麻痺
	レビー小体型認知症
	ウイルソン病
	クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病
	正常圧水頭症

中枢神経変性疾患 - パーキンソンニズムを主徴とする疾患

• 孤発性パーキンソン病
• 家族性パーキンソン病
• 多系統萎縮症 MSA ←　孤発性脊髄小脳変性症に含まれる疾患としてまとめられている

• オリーブ核・橋・小脳萎縮症 OPCA
• Shy-Drager症候群 SDS
• 線条体黒質変性症 striatonigral degeneration SND

• 進行性核上性麻痺 progressive supranuclear palsy PSP：黒質、淡蒼球、ルイ体、歯状核の神経細胞脱落・グリオーシスが特徴。眼球運動障害、パーキンソニズム、認知障害
• 淡蒼球黒質ルイ体変性症
• 大脳皮質基底核変性症 corticobasal degeneration CBD：黒質と前頭頭頂葉神経細胞脱落・グリオーシスが特徴。指節運動失行、アレンハンド、固縮、失行、認知機能低下

「autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism」

　　[★]

常染色体劣性若年性パーキンソニズム、常染色体劣性遺伝性若年性パーキンソニズム

関

autosomal dominant parkinsonism、autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease、autosomal recessive parkinsonism、experimental parkinsonism、juvenile Parkinson disease、juvenile parkinsonism、MPTP-induced experimental parkinsonism、parkinsonian disorder、parkinsonian syndrome、parkinsonism

「autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease」

　　[★]

常染色体劣性若年性パーキンソン病、常染色体劣性若年性Parkinson病

関

autosomal dominant parkinsonism、autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism、autosomal recessive parkinsonism、experimental parkinsonism、juvenile Parkinson disease、juvenile parkinsonism、MPTP-induced experimental parkinsonism、parkinsonian disorder、parkinsonian syndrome、parkinsonism

「juvenile Parkinson disease」

　　[★]

若年性パーキンソン病、若年性Parkinson病

関

autosomal dominant parkinsonism、autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease、autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism、autosomal recessive parkinsonism、experimental parkinsonism、juvenile parkinsonism、MPTP-induced experimental parkinsonism、parkinsonian disorder、parkinsonian syndrome、parkinsonism

「juvenile parkinsonism」

　　[★]

若年性パーキンソニズム

関

autosomal dominant parkinsonism、autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease、autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism、autosomal recessive parkinsonism、experimental parkinsonism、juvenile Parkinson disease、MPTP-induced experimental parkinsonism、parkinsonian disorder、parkinsonian syndrome、parkinsonism

「autosomal recessive parkinsonism」

　　[★]

常染色体劣性遺伝パーキンソニズム

関

autosomal dominant parkinsonism、autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease、autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism、experimental parkinsonism、juvenile Parkinson disease、juvenile parkinsonism、MPTP-induced experimental parkinsonism、parkinsonian disorder、parkinsonian syndrome、parkinsonism

「autosomal dominant parkinsonism」

　　[★]

常染色体優性パーキソニズム

関

autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease、autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism、autosomal recessive parkinsonism、experimental parkinsonism、juvenile Parkinson disease、juvenile parkinsonism、MPTP-induced experimental parkinsonism、parkinsonian disorder、parkinsonian syndrome、parkinsonism

「experimental parkinsonism」

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実験的パーキソニズム

関

autosomal dominant parkinsonism、autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease、autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism、autosomal recessive parkinsonism、juvenile Parkinson disease、juvenile parkinsonism、MPTP-induced experimental parkinsonism、parkinsonian disorder、parkinsonian syndrome、parkinsonism

「neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism」

　　[★] 神経遮断薬誘発性パーキンソニズム、神経遮断薬誘発性パーキンソン症候群

「drug-induced parkinsonism」

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• 薬剤誘発性パーキンソニズム