FLAIR法
WordNet
- a chemical process in which the direction of optical rotation of a substance is reversed from dextrorotatory to levorotary or vice versa
- abnormal condition in which an organ is turned inward or inside out (as when the upper part of the uterus is pulled into the cervical canal after childbirth)
- the layer of air near the earth is cooler than an overlying layer
- the act of turning inside out (同)eversion, everting
- a term formerly used to mean taking on the gender role of the opposite sex (同)sexual_inversion
- turning upside down; setting on end (同)upending
- (counterpoint) a variation of a melody or part in which ascending intervals are replaced by descending intervals and vice versa
- (genetics) a kind of mutation in which the order of the genes in a section of a chromosome is reversed
- cover anew; "recover a chair"
- regain a former condition after a financial loss; "We expect the stocks to recover to $2.90"; "The company managed to recuperate" (同)go_back, recuperate
- regain or make up for; "recuperate ones losses" (同)recoup, recuperate
- get or find back; recover the use of; "She regained control of herself"; "She found her voice and replied quickly" (同)retrieve, find, regain
- subject to change; variable; "a fluid situation fraught with uncertainty"; "everything was unstable following the coup" (同)unstable
- a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure
- continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas
- in cash or easily convertible to cash; "liquid (or fluid) assets" (同)liquid
- affording change (especially in social status); "Britain is not a truly fluid society"; "upwardly mobile" (同)mobile
- characteristic of a fluid; capable of flowing and easily changing shape (同)runny
- the act of regaining or saving something lost (or in danger of becoming lost) (同)retrieval
- return to an original state; "the recovery of the forest after the fire was surprisingly rapid"
- become weaker, in strength, value, or magnitude
- reduced in strength; "the faded tones of an old recording" (同)attenuated, faded, weakened
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 反対,転倒 / (文法で)倒置[法]
- …‘を'再びおおう;…‘を'張り替える
- 〈失ったもの〉‘を'『取り戻す』,『回復する』 / 〈損失など〉‘を'埋め合わせる / (…から)正常な状態に戻る,回復する《+『from』+『名』(do『ing』)》
- 『流体』,流動体 / 『流動性の』,流動する / 流体の,流動体から成る / 変わりやすい,固定していない,浮動する
- 〈U〉(…を)『取り戻すこと』《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《単数形で》(…からの…の)『回復』《+『of』+『名』+『from』+『名』》
- 〈固体など〉'を'細くする;〈体など〉'を'やせさせる / 〈力・価値など〉'を'減じる,弱める
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/06/23 00:33:17」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI image demonstrating tumor-related infiltration involving lenticular nuclei (Arrow).
Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI image demonstrating tumor-related infiltration involving both temporal lobes (Short arrow), and the substantia nigra (Long arrow).
Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is a pulse sequence used in magnetic resonance imaging which was invented by Dr. Graeme Bydder. FLAIR can be used with both three dimensional imaging (3D FLAIR) or two dimensional imaging (2D FLAIR).
The pulse sequence is an inversion recovery technique that nulls fluids. For example, it can be used in brain imaging to suppress cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) effects on the image, so as to bring out the periventricular hyperintense lesions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques.[1]
By carefully choosing the inversion time (TI), the signal from any particular tissue can be nulled. The appropriate TI depends on the tissue via the formula:
in other words, one should typically use a TI of around 70% of the T1 value. In the case of CSF suppression, one aims for T2 weighted images.
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- McRobbie D., et al. MRI, From picture to proton. 2003 p.40-42
- Hashemi Ray, et al. MRI, The Basics 2ED. 2004. p.272
References[edit]
- ^ Bakshi R, Ariyaratana S, Benedict RH, Jacobs L. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging detects cortical and juxtacortical multiple sclerosis lesions PMID 11346369
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- White matter hyperintensities predict amyloid increase in Alzheimer's disease.
- Grimmer T, Faust M, Auer F, Alexopoulos P, Förstl H, Henriksen G, Perneczky R, Sorg C, Yousefi BH, Drzezga A, Kurz A.SourceDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany. Electronic address: t.grimmer@lrz.tum.de.
- Neurobiology of aging.Neurobiol Aging.2012 Dec;33(12):2766-73. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.01.016. Epub 2012 Mar 10.
- Impaired amyloid clearance probably contributes to increased amyloid deposition in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Diminished perivascular drainage due to cerebral small-vessel disease (CSVD) has been proposed as a cause of reduced amyloid clearance. White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are consi
- PMID 22410648
- Pial Arteriovenous Fistula as a Cause of Bilateral Thalamic Hyperintensities-an Unusual Case Report and Review of the Literature.
- Gupta R, Miyachi S, Matsubara N, Izumi T, Naito T, Haraguchi KI, Wakabayashi T.SourceDepartment of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
- Journal of neurological surgery. Part A, Central European neurosurgery.J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg.2012 Nov 5. [Epub ahead of print]
- Introduction Isolated bilateral thalamic congestion due to an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare entity. Few case reports of dural arteriovenous fistula associated with it have been reported in the literature. The association of pial arteriovenous fistula (pial AVF) with thalamic hyperinte
- PMID 23128994
Japanese Journal
- クモ膜下出血軽症例における非急性期のFLAIR画像
- 橋本 祐治,布村 克幸,木原 光昭,馬場 雄大,藤重 正人,山村 明範,中川 俊男,端 和夫
- 脳神経外科ジャーナル 20(9), 671-677, 2011-09-20
- クモ膜下出血(SAH)に対するFLAIR画像の診断能力は,急性期のみならず亜急性期や慢性期においても有効であるとされる.しかし,非急性期のSAHに関するFLAIR画像の所見については,詳細な報告はほとんどみられない.今回,脳動脈瘤破裂によるクモ膜下出血のうち,6例の軽症のSAHを対象として,非急性期のFLAIR画像の検討を行った.MRIの撮影時期は,頭痛を自覚してから9日〜約1カ月である.FLAI …
- NAID 110008712063
- Potential of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) in identification of temporomandibular joint effusion compared with T2-weighted images.
- Imoto K,Otonari-Yamamoto M,Nishikawa K,Sano T,Yamamoto A
- Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics 112(2), 243-248, 2011-08
- NAID 120003556045
- 中耳手術における内耳瘻孔の対応 : 3D FLAIR MRI評価の有用性
- 曾根 三千彦,中島 務
- 耳鼻咽喉科臨床 104(2), 85-93, 2011-02-01
- … We used fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in cases of acute inflammation-induced sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) due to different conditions, and evaluated its advantages in investigating these ear-disturbance etiologies, focusing on labyrinthine fistulas. …
- NAID 10027793844
Related Links
- FLAIR Acronym for fluid attenuated inversion recovery; this term is always used in acronymic form. In MRI, a type of inversion recovery in which the signal from water is reduced by timing the delay of the inversion pulse. See also: short TI inversion recovery
- Fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) is a special inversion recovery sequence with long T1 to remove the effects of fluid from the resulting images.1 The T1 time of the FLAIR pulse sequence is adjusted to the relaxation time of ...
★リンクテーブル★
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- 同
- magnetic resonance imaging、核磁気共鳴画像、磁気共鳴撮像、磁気共鳴断層撮影 magnetic resonance computed tomography MR-CT、磁気共鳴映像法、磁気共鳴画像法、核磁気共鳴画像診断法
頭部MRIにて使用するシークエンス
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- 流入してくるプロトンの量を強調→流入する血流のみを高信号に描出
- MRDSA(MR digital subtraction angiography)
- 造影剤の急速注入→適応:動静脈病変、血行動態、例えば脳動静脈奇形
- T2*強調画像:出血性病変
- ダイナミックMRI:下垂体、vascularity
- Perfusion imaging:vascularity
- 頭蓋内スクリーニング(T2より病変がわかりやすい)
MRIの撮像条件と信号強度
基本的な物質のMRI画像
- 参考2 SOR.122
T2 強 調 画 像
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出 血 「 メ ト ヘ モ グ ロ ビ ン 」
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線維組織
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皮質骨 空気 血流
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低信号
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低 信 号
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高 信 号
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T1強調画像
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YN.J-60
- MRIの組織間信号強度
- MRIの血液信号の強度 経時的変化(脳出血)
整形外科分野でのMRI信号強度(SOR.122)
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CT
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MRI
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T1
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T2
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灰白質
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high
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白質
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CSF
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low
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血液
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high
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void
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void
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疾患とMRI
- wiki_jaを引用改変
- CTでは発症早期の所見は取りづらく(early CT signは除く)、12-24時間後に低吸収が出現するため、拡散強調画像(DWI)による発症1-3時間後の高信号をとらえるのが早期診断に有用である。
肝臓
- SRA.482
- 正常:T1 >筋肉、脾臓、T2 脾臓、腎臓> >筋肉。
- 病変:T1 軽度低信号、T2 軽度高信号
- T1強調画像で高信号:脂肪沈着を伴う病変(脂肪肝、肝細胞癌、線種様過形成)、高蛋白貯留液を含む嚢胞性病変(粘液性嚢胞、感染後の嚢胞)、線種様過形成、常磁体物の沈着(亜急性期メトヘモグロビン)、メラニン、ガドリニウム
- T2強調画像で著明な高信号:液体の貯留 → 肝嚢胞、海綿状血管腫
- T2強調画像で低信号:水分減少を伴う病変(凝固壊死、線種様過形成)、メラニン、デオキシヘモグロビン、ヘモジデリン
DWI
- 肝臓では占拠性病変が高信号として描出される。悪性腫瘍では細胞密度が増加し水分子の拡散が制限された結果、高信号を示すと考えられている。
ADC
- 各肝腫瘍における見かけの拡散係数(ADC:apparent diffusion coefficient)を比較し、血管腫では高ADC、悪性腫瘍では低ADCであった。
- 参考5改変
T1とT2
造影
- ガドリニウム:MRIで造影といえばこれ。
- 超磁性体酸化鉄粒子 SPIO:肝網内系をターゲットとした造影剤である。SPIOはKupffer細胞に貪食されリソソームにクラスター化される家庭でT2*緩和時間およびT2緩和時間を短縮させる。ゆえにKupffer細胞を含む正常肝組織の信号が低下し、含まない腫瘍とのコントラストを強調することができる。(参考1)
磁場
- 参考3 参考4
- 2010年現在、臨床で主流となっているMRIは1.5Tが主流。3Tも入り始めている、らしい。
- 臨床で使用可能な磁場強度の上限は厚労省が決めているらしい。
参考
- 1. 多様化する肝転移治療の選択|肝転移の画像診断:Cancer Therapy.jp:コンセンサス癌治療
- http://www.cancertherapy.jp/liver_metastasis/2007_autumn/02.html
- 2. C.産婦人科検査法 9.婦人科疾患のMRI 診断 - 日産婦誌59巻5号
- http://www.jsog.or.jp/PDF/59/5905-113.pdf
- http://www.hosp.keio.ac.jp/kensa/hoshasen/m0.htm
- 4. MRI開発史と科学者たち 物理学専攻 M1 24B07054 森尾豊
- http://www-het.phys.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp/~higashij/lecture/coe07/4hanmorio.pdf
- 5. B.産婦人科検査法 9.婦人科疾患のMRI 診断 - 日産婦誌53巻6号
- http://www.jsog.or.jp/PDF/53/5306-099.pdf
[★]
- 関
- ameliorate、amelioration、harvest、recovery、recuperate、regain、resolution、resolve、restitution、restoration、restore、retrieval、retrieve、return、reversal、revert
[★]
- 関
- ameliorate、amelioration、harvest、recover、recovery rate、recuperate、regain、resolution、resolve、restitution、restoration、restore、retrieval、retrieve、return、reversal、revival
[★]
- 捕捉する。薄める。和らげる、弱める。減ずる。(ウイルスなどを)弱毒化する、原毒する。
- 関
- (n.)attenuation, (adj.)tenuous 非常に薄い、細い。希薄な
[★]
- (解剖学)内反。内返し。(足・子宮などの)反転(retroflexion)。(心臓などの)逆位
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- 関
- grippe、influenza