WordNet
- a granular brown substance composed of ferric oxide; left from the breakdown of hemoglobin; can be a sign of disturbed iron metabolism (同)haemosiderin
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/09/29 14:44:37」(JST)
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Hemosiderin image of a kidney viewed under a microscope. The brown areas represent hemosiderin
Hemosiderin or haemosiderin is an iron-storage complex. It is only found within cells (as opposed to circulating in blood) and appears to be a complex of ferritin, denatured ferritin and other material. The iron within deposits of hemosiderin is very poorly available to supply iron when needed. Hemosiderin can be identified histologically with "Perls' Prussian-blue" stain. In normal animals, hemosiderin deposits are small and commonly inapparent without special stains. Excessive accumulation of hemosiderin is usually detected within cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) or occasionally within epithelial cells of liver and kidney.
Several disease processes result in deposition of larger amounts of hemosiderin in tissues; although these deposits often cause no symptoms, they can lead to organ damage.
Hemosiderin is most commonly found in macrophages and is especially abundant in situations following hemorrhage, suggesting that its formation may be related to phagocytosis of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Hemosiderin can accumulate in different organs in various diseases.
Iron is required by many of the chemical reactions (i.e. oxidation-reduction reactions) in the body but is toxic when not properly contained. Thus, many methods of iron storage have developed.
Pathophysiology
Hemosiderin often forms after bleeding (hemorrhage).[1] When blood leaves a ruptured blood vessel, the red blood cell dies, and the hemoglobin of the cell is released into the extracellular space. Phagocytic cells (of the reticulo-endothelial system) called macrophages engulf (phagocytose) the hemoglobin to degrade it, producing hemosiderin and biliverdin. Excessive systemic accumulations of hemosiderin may occur in macrophages in the liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. These accumulations may be caused by excessive red blood cell destruction (haemolysis), excessive iron uptake/ hyperferraemia, or decreased iron utilization (e.g. anemia of copper toxicity) /uptake hypoferraemia (which often leads to iron deficiency anemia).
Diseases associated with hemosiderin deposition
Main article: Hemosiderosis
Hemosiderin may deposit in diseases associated with iron overload. These diseases are typically diseases in which chronic blood loss requires frequent blood transfusions, such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia.
References
Medicine: Pathology
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Principles of pathology |
- Disease
- Infection
- Neoplasia
- Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Hemodynamics
- Inflammation
- Cell damage
- Wound healing
- Cellular adaptation
- Atrophy
- Hypertrophy
- Hyperplasia
- Dysplasia
- Metaplasia
- Squamous
- Glandular
- Cell death
- Necrosis
- Coagulative necrosis
- Liquefactive necrosis
- Gangrenous necrosis
- Caseous necrosis
- Fat necrosis
- Fibrinoid necrosis
- Programmed cell death
- Apoptosis
- Pyknosis
- Karyorrhexis
- Karyolysis
- Accumulations:
- pigment
- Hemosiderin
- Lipochrome/Lipofuscin
- Melanin
- Steatosis
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Anatomical pathology |
- Surgical pathology
- Cytopathology
- Autopsy
- Molecular pathology
- Forensic pathology
- Oral and maxillofacial pathology
- Gross examination
- Histopathology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Electron microscopy
- Immunofluorescence
- Fluorescence in situ hybridization
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Clinical pathology |
- Clinical chemistry
- Hematopathology
- Transfusion medicine
- Medical microbiology
- Diagnostic immunology
- Immunopathology
- Enzyme assay
- Mass spectrometry
- Chromatography
- Flow cytometry
- Blood bank
- Microbiological culture
- Serology
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UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- Review of Cerebral Microangiopathy and Alzheimer's Disease: Relation between White Matter Hyperintensities and Microbleeds.
- Hommet C, Mondon K, Constans T, Beaufils E, Desmidt T, Camus V, Cottier JP.SourceMédecine Interne Gériatrique et CMRR, Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU Tours, Tours, France.
- Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders.Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord.2012 Feb 1;32(6):367-378. [Epub ahead of print]
- Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) is basically considered to be a neurodegenerative disorder, cerebrovascular disease is also involved. The role of vascular risk factors and vascular disease in the progression of AD remains incompletely understood. With the development of brain MRI, it is now possib
- PMID 22301385
- Progression of Pancreatitis Prior to Diabetes Onset in WBN/Kob-Lepr(fa) Rats.
- Akimoto T, Terada M, Shimizu A.SourceDivision of Laboratory Animal Science, Nippon Medical School.
- The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science.J Vet Med Sci.2012 Feb 1;74(1):65-70. Epub 2011 Aug 12.
- We established the WBN/Kob-Lepr(fa) rat as a new congenic strain for the fa allele of the leptin receptor gene (Lepr). Homozygous (fa/fa) WBN/Kob-Lepr(fa) rats provide a model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes, although its onset is secondary to pancreatitis. In the present study, we compared histop
- PMID 21836382
Japanese Journal
- Liver Anatomy, Histochemistry, and Ultrastructure of Eupemphix nattereri (Anura: Leiuperidae) During the Breeding Season
- Franco-Belussi Lilian,Santos Lia Raquel de Souza,Zieri Rodrigo [他]
- Zoological science 29(12), 844-848, 2012-12-00
- NAID 40019513076
- Utility of Fractional Anisotropy Imaging Analyzed by Statistical Parametric Mapping for Detecting Minute Brain Lesions in Chronic-Stage Patients Who Had Mild or Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury
- ASANO Yoshitaka,SHINODA Jun,OKUMURA Ayumi,AKI Tatsuki,TAKENAKA Shunsuke,MIWA Kazuhiro,YAMADA Mikito,ITO Takeshi,YOKOYAMA Kazutoshi
- Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 52(1), 31-40, 2012-01-15
- … FA-SPM lesions topographically included most T2* lesions in the white matter and the deep brain structures, but did not include T2* lesions in the cortex/near-cortex or lesions containing substantial hemosiderin regardless of location. …
- NAID 10030031122
Related Links
- a yellowish-brown protein containing iron, derived chiefly from hemoglobin and found in body tissue and phagocytes, especially as the result of disorders in ... hemosiderin he·mo·sid·er·in (hē'mō-sĭd'ər-ĭn) n. An insoluble protein that ...
- hemosiderin [he″mo-sid´er-in] a pigment that is a product of hemolysis; it is an insoluble form of storage iron that is visible microscopically both with and without the use of special stains. he·mo·sid·er·in (hē'mō-sid'ĕr-in), A golden ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 同
- magnetic resonance imaging、核磁気共鳴画像、磁気共鳴撮像、磁気共鳴断層撮影 magnetic resonance computed tomography MR-CT、磁気共鳴映像法、磁気共鳴画像法、核磁気共鳴画像診断法
頭部MRIにて使用するシークエンス
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- 流入してくるプロトンの量を強調→流入する血流のみを高信号に描出
- MRDSA(MR digital subtraction angiography)
- 造影剤の急速注入→適応:動静脈病変、血行動態、例えば脳動静脈奇形
- T2*強調画像:出血性病変
- ダイナミックMRI:下垂体、vascularity
- Perfusion imaging:vascularity
- 頭蓋内スクリーニング(T2より病変がわかりやすい)
MRIの撮像条件と信号強度
基本的な物質のMRI画像
- 参考2 SOR.122
T2 強 調 画 像
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高信号
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出 血 「 メ ト ヘ モ グ ロ ビ ン 」
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線維組織
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皮質骨 空気 血流
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低信号
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低 信 号
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高 信 号
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T1強調画像
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YN.J-60
- MRIの組織間信号強度
- MRIの血液信号の強度 経時的変化(脳出血)
整形外科分野でのMRI信号強度(SOR.122)
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CT
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灰白質
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CSF
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疾患とMRI
- wiki_jaを引用改変
- CTでは発症早期の所見は取りづらく(early CT signは除く)、12-24時間後に低吸収が出現するため、拡散強調画像(DWI)による発症1-3時間後の高信号をとらえるのが早期診断に有用である。
肝臓
- SRA.482
- 正常:T1 >筋肉、脾臓、T2 脾臓、腎臓> >筋肉。
- 病変:T1 軽度低信号、T2 軽度高信号
- T1強調画像で高信号:脂肪沈着を伴う病変(脂肪肝、肝細胞癌、線種様過形成)、高蛋白貯留液を含む嚢胞性病変(粘液性嚢胞、感染後の嚢胞)、線種様過形成、常磁体物の沈着(亜急性期メトヘモグロビン)、メラニン、ガドリニウム
- T2強調画像で著明な高信号:液体の貯留 → 肝嚢胞、海綿状血管腫
- T2強調画像で低信号:水分減少を伴う病変(凝固壊死、線種様過形成)、メラニン、デオキシヘモグロビン、ヘモジデリン
DWI
- 肝臓では占拠性病変が高信号として描出される。悪性腫瘍では細胞密度が増加し水分子の拡散が制限された結果、高信号を示すと考えられている。
ADC
- 各肝腫瘍における見かけの拡散係数(ADC:apparent diffusion coefficient)を比較し、血管腫では高ADC、悪性腫瘍では低ADCであった。
- 参考5改変
T1とT2
造影
- ガドリニウム:MRIで造影といえばこれ。
- 超磁性体酸化鉄粒子 SPIO:肝網内系をターゲットとした造影剤である。SPIOはKupffer細胞に貪食されリソソームにクラスター化される家庭でT2*緩和時間およびT2緩和時間を短縮させる。ゆえにKupffer細胞を含む正常肝組織の信号が低下し、含まない腫瘍とのコントラストを強調することができる。(参考1)
磁場
- 参考3 参考4
- 2010年現在、臨床で主流となっているMRIは1.5Tが主流。3Tも入り始めている、らしい。
- 臨床で使用可能な磁場強度の上限は厚労省が決めているらしい。
参考
- 1. 多様化する肝転移治療の選択|肝転移の画像診断:Cancer Therapy.jp:コンセンサス癌治療
- http://www.cancertherapy.jp/liver_metastasis/2007_autumn/02.html
- 2. C.産婦人科検査法 9.婦人科疾患のMRI 診断 - 日産婦誌59巻5号
- http://www.jsog.or.jp/PDF/59/5905-113.pdf
- http://www.hosp.keio.ac.jp/kensa/hoshasen/m0.htm
- 4. MRI開発史と科学者たち 物理学専攻 M1 24B07054 森尾豊
- http://www-het.phys.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp/~higashij/lecture/coe07/4hanmorio.pdf
- 5. B.産婦人科検査法 9.婦人科疾患のMRI 診断 - 日産婦誌53巻6号
- http://www.jsog.or.jp/PDF/53/5306-099.pdf
[★]
- 英
- computed tomography CT, computerized tomography
- 同
- CTスキャン CT scan、コンピューター断層撮影、コンピュータ断層撮影法
- コンピュータ体軸断層撮影 computed axillar tomography computerized axial tomography CAT、axial computed tomography、computerized trans axial tomography、
- X線CT X-ray computed tomography X-CT、CT-scanner
- 関
- 水:0、空気:-1000とした。脂肪は-100程度。
- 血腫:40-95 > 灰白質:36-46 > 白質(脂質richだから?):2-32
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CT
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MRI
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灰白質
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白質
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CSF
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血液
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void
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脳出血とCT/MRI
[★]
- 英
- hemosiderin
- 同
- ヘモシデリン 血鉄素
- 関
- ヘモジデローシス、ヘモクロマトーシス
概念
- 鉄はタンパク質に結合し(例えば組織内ではフェリチン)ミセル化しているが、細胞内のリソソームで変性を受けるとヘモジデリンとなる。 (SP.500)
- 黄色から茶色を呈する
- 鉄過剰により細胞内に沈着する
- 体内にはヘモジデリンとして鉄が0.5g含まれている(LAB.579)。→鉄
染色像
- 鉄貯蔵蛋白であるフェリチンが網内系の細胞などに摂取され変性したもの。
[★]
ヘモジデリン貪食マクロファージ
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ヘモジデリン含有細胞