document

• n.

• 文書、ドキュメント

• v.

• 記述する、実証する、考証する

関

corroborate、demonstrate、demonstration、describe、description、descriptive、documentation、note、substantiate、substantiation、writing

　 　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. support or supply with references; "Can you document your claims?"
2. a written account of ownership or obligation
3. anything serving as a representation of a persons thinking by means of symbolic marks
4. writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature) (同)written document, papers
5. record in detail; "The parents documented every step of their childs development"
6. observe with care or pay close attention to; "Take note of this chemical reaction" (同)take note, observe
7. a promise to pay a specified amount on demand or at a certain time; "I had to co-sign his note at the bank" (同)promissory_note, note of hand
8. a characteristic emotional quality; "it ended on a sour note"; "there was a note of gaiety in her manner"; "he detected a note of sarcasm"
9. a comment or instruction (usually added); "his notes were appended at the end of the article"; "he added a short notation to the address on the envelope" (同)annotation, notation
10. a notation representing the pitch and duration of a musical sound; "the singer held the note too long" (同)musical note, tone
11. a short personal letter; "drop me a line when you get there" (同)short letter, line, billet
12. a brief written record; "he made a note of the appointment"
13. a tone of voice that shows what the speaker is feeling; "there was a note of uncertainty in his voice"
14. make mention of; "She observed that his presentation took up too much time"; "They noted that it was a fine day to go sailing" (同)observe, mention, remark
15. make a written note of; "she noted everything the teacher said that morning" (同)take_down
16. march in protest; take part in a demonstration; "Thousands demonstrated against globalization during the meeting of the most powerful economic nations in Seattle" (同)march
17. the act of creating written works; "writing was a form of therapy for him"; "it was a matter of disputed authorship" (同)authorship, composition, penning
18. the activity of putting something in written form; "she did the thinking while he did the writing" (同)committal to writing
19. the work of a writer; anything expressed in letters of the alphabet (especially when considered from the point of view of style and effect); "the writing in her novels is excellent"; "that editorial was a fine piece of writing" (同)written material, piece of writing
20. (usually plural) the collected work of an author; "the idea occurs with increasing frequency in Hemingways writings"
21. letters or symbols that are written or imprinted on a surface to represent the sounds or words of a language; "he turned the paper over so the writing wouldnt show"; "the doctors writing was illegible"
22. a public display of group feelings (usually of a political nature); "there were violent demonstrations against the war" (同)manifestation
23. a show of military force or preparedness; "he confused the enemy with feints and demonstrations"
24. a visual presentation showing how something works; "the lecture was accompanied by dramatic demonstrations"; "the lecturer shot off a pistol as a demonstration of the startle response" (同)demo
25. proof by a process of argument or a series of proposition proving an asserted conclusion (同)monstrance
26. a statement that represents something in words (同)verbal description
27. sort or variety; "every description of book was there"
28. the act of describing something
29. (law) a document that states some contractual relationship or grants some right (同)legal instrument, official document, instrument
30. lacking necessary documents (as for e.g. permission to live or work in a country); "undocumented aliens"; "undocumented tax deductions"
31. program listings or technical manuals describing the operation and use of programs (同)documentation
32. furnished with or supported by documents; "the first documented case of shark attack in those waters"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (証書・記録・資料などの)『文書』,書類 / …‘を'事実(証拠)で裏づける
2. 〈C〉《複数形で》『覚え書き』,控え,メモ / 〈C〉(本文に対する)『注』,駐釈 / 〈C〉(形式ばらない)『短い手紙』,短信;外交上の文書 / 〈U〉『注目』,注意 / 〈U〉『重要性』(importance);顕著 / 〈C〉《単数形で》(声の)調子,(感情などの)しるし,兆候《+『of』+『名』》 / =promissory note / 〈C〉『紙幣』 / 〈C〉音楽;音符;(ピアノなどの)けん / …‘を'『書き留める』,記す / …‘に'『注意する』;…Iと'気づく / (取り立てて)…‘に'ついて言う,‘を'習す
3. 〈真理・学説など〉‘を'『輪証する』,証明する(prove) / (実例・実験・標本などによって)…‘を'『説明して見せる』,明示する / 〈物事が〉…‘の'証拠となる,‘を'明らかに示す / 〈感情など〉‘を'表に出す,あらわに示す / (…に反対して,…を要求して)『示威運動をする』,デモをする《+『against』(『for』)+『名』》 / (観察する人々の前で)実験授業をする
4. 〈U〉『書くこと』 / 〈U〉筆跡,書掛 / 〈U〉(口頭に対して)書かれて形式,文書 / 〈U〉〈C〉『書かれたもの』(手紙,書類,銘など) / 《複数形で》文学作品,著作 / 〈U〉著述業,文筆業
5. 〈U〉〈C〉『論証』,立証;(…であることの)実証《+『that節』》 / (の)実物説明,実演;(観察者の前で行う)実地授業,公開授業《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(感情の)『表示』,表明《+『of』+『名』》 / 『示威運動』,デモ
6. 〈U〉〈C〉(…の)『記述』,『描写』《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉人相書き,人相 / 〈C〉種類,銘柄
7. 文書に基づいて / 事実を伝えて

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/03/05 21:14:59」(JST)

wiki ja

[Wiki ja表示]

『document』
cinema staff の EP
リリース	2008年11月19日
ジャンル	ロック
レーベル	under_bar
cinema staff 年表
document （2008年） Symmetoronica （2009年）

『document』（ドキュメント）は、cinema staffの1枚目のミニアルバム。2008年11月19日、under_barより発売。

解説

この節は執筆中です。加筆、訂正して下さる協力者を求めています。

収録曲

1. AMK HOLLIC
   • 曲タイトルのAMKとは辻、三島、久野が所属していた南山大学の音楽サークルであるアメリカ民謡研究会のことであり、歌詞の内容はその部室の様子について書かれている。
2. ローリング
3. サイクル
4. 優しくしないで
5. 部室にて
6. KARAKURI in the skywalkers

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For the R.E.M. album, see Document (album). For the similarly named surrealist journal, see Documents (magazine).

The term document has multiple meanings in ordinary language and in scholarship. WordNet 3.1. lists four meanings (October 2011):

• document, written document, papers (writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature))
• document (anything serving as a representation of a person's thinking by means of symbolic marks)
• document (a written account of ownership or obligation)
• text file, document ((computer science) a computer file that contains text (and possibly formatting instructions) using seven-bit ASCII characters).

In Library and information science and in documentation science, a "document" is considered a basic theoretical construct. It is everything which may be preserved or represented in order to serve as evidence for some purpose. The classical example provided by Suzanne Briet is an antelope: "An antelope running wild on the plains of Africa should not be considered a document, she rules. But if it were to be captured, taken to a zoo and made an object of study, it has been made into a document. It has become physical evidence being used by those who study it. Indeed, scholarly articles written about the antelope are secondary documents, since the antelope itself is the primary document." (Quoted from Buckland, 1998 ). (This view has been seen as an early expression of what now is known as actor–network theory).

That documents cannot be defined by their transmission medium (such as paper) is evident because of the existence of electronic documents.

What is a document?

The concept of document has been defined as “any concrete or symbolic indication, preserved or recorded, for reconstructing or for proving a phenomenon, whether physical or mental" (Briet, 1951, 7; here quoted from Buckland, 1991).

A much cited article asked "what is a document" and concluded this way: “The evolving notion of ‘‘document’’ among (Jonathan Priest). Otlet, Briet, Schürmeyer, and the other documentalists increasingly emphasized whatever functioned as a document rather than traditional physical forms of documents. The shift to digital technology would seem to make this distinction even more important. Levy’s thoughtful analyses have shown that an emphasis on the technology of digital documents has impeded our understanding of digital documents as documents (e.g., Levy, 1994). A conventional document, such as a mail message or a technical report, exists physically in digital technology as a string of bits, as does everything else in a digital environment. As an object of study, it has been made into a document. It has become physical evidence by those who study it.

Types of documents

Documents are sometimes classified as secret, private or public. They may also be described as a draft or proof. When a document is copied, the source is referred to as the original.

There are accepted standards for specific applications in various fields, such as:

• a7a: thesis, paper, journal
• Business and accounting: Invoice, quote, RFP, Proposal, Contract, Packing slip, Manifest, Report detailed & summary, Spread sheet, MSDS, Waybill, Bill of Lading (BOL), Financial statement, Nondisclosure agreement (NDA) or sometimes referred to as; Mutual nondisclosure agreement (MNDA)
• Law and politics: summons, certificate, license, gazette
• Government and industry: white paper, application forms, user-guide
• Media and marketing: brief, mock-up, script

Such standard documents can be created based on a template.

Developing documents

The page layout of a document is the manner in which information is graphically arranged in the document space (e.g., on a page). If the appearance of the document is of concern, page layout is generally the responsibility of a graphic designer. Typography deals with the design of letter and symbol forms, as well as their physical arrangement in the document (see typesetting). Information design focuses on the effective communication of information, especially in industrial documents and public signs. Simple text documents may not require a visual design and may be handled by an author, clerk or transcriber. Forms may require a visual design for the initial fields, but not to fill out the forms.

History

Traditionally, the medium of a document was paper and the information was applied to it as ink, either by hand (to make a hand-written document) or by a mechanical process (such as a printing press or, more recently, a laser printer).

Through time, documents have also been written with ink on papyrus (starting in ancient Egypt) or parchment; scratched as runes on stone using a sharp apparatus; stamped or cut into clay and then baked to make clay tablets (e.g., in the Sumerian and other Mesopotamian civilisations). The paper, papyrus or parchment might be rolled up as a scroll or cut into sheets and bound into a book. Today short documents might also consist of sheets of paper stapled together.

Modern electronic means of storing and displaying documents include:

• desktop computer and monitor (or laptop, tablet PC, etc.); optionally with a printer to obtain a hard copy
• Personal digital assistant (PDA)
• dedicated e-book device
• electronic paper
• information appliances
• digital audio players
• radio and television service provider

Digital documents usually have to adhere to a specific file format in order to be useful.

That documents cannot be defined by their transmission medium

In law

Documents in all forms are frequently found to be material evidence in criminal and civil proceedings. The forensic analysis of such a document falls under the scope of questioned document examination. For the purpose of cataloging and managing the large number of documents that may be produced in the course of a law suit, Bates numbering is often applied to all documents so that each document has a unique, aribitrary identifying number.

See also

Related concepts:

• Data storage device: to store documents.
• Document automation
• Document collaboration
• Document-centric collaboration
• Document file format: a standard used for represent the document into a storage device.
• Media type: document parts (text block, illustration, audio sample, etc.) can use different media types to store and "display" it.
• Internet of Things
• Realia (library science)
• Subject (documents)

Other related articles:

• Historical document
• Desktop publishing
• Word processor
• Documentary film
• Documentation science

References

Further reading

• Briet, S. (1951). Qu'est-ce que la documentation? Paris: Documentaires Industrielles et Techniques.

• Buckland, M. (1991). Information and information systems. New York: Greenwood Press.

• Frohmann, Bernd (2009). Revisiting "what is a document?", Journal of Documentation, 65(2), 291-303.

• Hjerppe, R. (1994). A framework for the description of generalized documents. Advances in Knowledge Organization, 4, 173-180.

• Houser, L. (1986). Documents: The domain of library and information science. Library and Information Science Research, 8, 163-188.

• Larsen, P.S. (1999). Books and bytes: Preserving documents for posterity. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 50(11), 1020-1027.

• Lund, N. W. (2008). Document theory. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 43, 399-432.

• Riles, A. (Ed.) (2006). Documents: Artifacts of Modern Knowledge. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI.

• Schamber, L. (1996). What is a document? Rethinking the concept in uneasy times. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 47, 669-671.

• Signer, Beat: What is Wrong with Digital Documents? A Conceptual Model for Structural Cross-Media Content Composition and Reuse, In Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER 2010), Vancouver, Canada, November 2010.

• Ørom, A. (2007). The concept of information versus the concept of document. I: Document (re)turn. Contributions from a research field in transition. Ed. By Roswitha Skare, Niels Windfeld Lund & Andreas Vårheim. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. (pp. 53–72).

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Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「demonstrate」「note」「describe」「demonstration」「記述」
拡張検索	「documentation」

「demonstrate」

　　[★]

• v.

• 論証/証明/立証する。(事物などが)～の証拠となる
• (機械など)の実地説明/演習説明をする。(商品を)実物宣伝する。(実例で)明らかにする、(模型・実験などで)(具体的に)説明する。
• (感情・意思などを)はっきりと表示/表明する。

ergonovine, acetylcholine, other vasoconstrictor medications, and hyperventilation have been used to provoke and demonstrate focal coronary stenosis to establish the diagnosis.(HIM.1531)

• vi.

関

argue、attest、certification、certify、corroborate、demonstration、depict、display、document、establish、evidence、exhibit、give、hallmark、indicate、indicative、point out、present、proof、prove、proven、reflect、show、signify、substantiate、substantiation、suggest、testify、verification、verify

　 　

「note」

　　[★]

• vt.

• ～に注意する、気づく、言及する、書き留める

関

attend、attention、attentional、care、caution、cautiously、describe、description、descriptive、document、documentation、feature、focus、heed、mention、notice、precaution、say、state、tell、watch、writing

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「describe」

　　[★]

• vt.

• (特徴などを)ことばで述べる、記述する、描写する、説明する。(人を)評する(as)
• (線・図形を)描く(draw)。絵で描写する(delineate)

関

characterization、delineate、delineation、depict、depiction、description、descriptive、document、documentation、mention、note、say、state、tell、writing

　 　

「demonstration」

　　[★]

• n.

• 実証、証明、表示

関

attest、certification、certify、corroborate、demonstrate、denote、display、document、establish、evidence、hallmark、indicate、indication、label、proof、prove、proven、representation、substantiate、substantiation、testify

　 　 　 　 　

「記述」

　　[★]

英

description、documentation、writing、describe、document、note、descriptive

関

記述的、考証、実証、説明的、注意、注目、述べる、描写、文書、証拠文献、文書化、ドキュメント

「documentation」

　　[★]

• n.

• 文書化、証拠文献、考証、記述

関

describe、description、descriptive、document、note、writing