adj.

記述的な、記述の、説明的な

関: describe、description、descriptively、document、documentation、explanatory、note、writing

WordNet

serving to describe or inform or characterized by description; "the descriptive variable"; "a descriptive passage"
describing the structure of a language; "descriptive grammar"
observe with care or pay close attention to; "Take note of this chemical reaction" (同)take note, observe
a promise to pay a specified amount on demand or at a certain time; "I had to co-sign his note at the bank" (同)promissory_note, note of hand
a characteristic emotional quality; "it ended on a sour note"; "there was a note of gaiety in her manner"; "he detected a note of sarcasm"
a comment or instruction (usually added); "his notes were appended at the end of the article"; "he added a short notation to the address on the envelope" (同)annotation, notation
a notation representing the pitch and duration of a musical sound; "the singer held the note too long" (同)musical note, tone
a short personal letter; "drop me a line when you get there" (同)short letter, line, billet
a brief written record; "he made a note of the appointment"
a tone of voice that shows what the speaker is feeling; "there was a note of uncertainty in his voice"
make mention of; "She observed that his presentation took up too much time"; "They noted that it was a fine day to go sailing" (同)observe, mention, remark
make a written note of; "she noted everything the teacher said that morning" (同)take_down
the act of creating written works; "writing was a form of therapy for him"; "it was a matter of disputed authorship" (同)authorship, composition, penning
the activity of putting something in written form; "she did the thinking while he did the writing" (同)committal to writing
the work of a writer; anything expressed in letters of the alphabet (especially when considered from the point of view of style and effect); "the writing in her novels is excellent"; "that editorial was a fine piece of writing" (同)written material, piece of writing
(usually plural) the collected work of an author; "the idea occurs with increasing frequency in Hemingways writings"
letters or symbols that are written or imprinted on a surface to represent the sounds or words of a language; "he turned the paper over so the writing wouldnt show"; "the doctors writing was illegible"
support or supply with references; "Can you document your claims?"
a written account of ownership or obligation
anything serving as a representation of a persons thinking by means of symbolic marks
writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature) (同)written document, papers
record in detail; "The parents documented every step of their childs development"
a statement that represents something in words (同)verbal description
sort or variety; "every description of book was there"
the act of describing something
give a description of; "He drew an elaborate plan of attack" (同)depict, draw
an adjective that ascribes to its noun the value of an attribute of that noun (e.g., `a nervous person or `a musical speaking voice' (同)qualifying adjective
a description (at a given point in time) of a language with respect to its phonology and morphology and syntax and semantics without value judgments
by giving a description; "these topics need to be treated not just descriptively"
a grammar that is produced by descriptive linguistics
not successful in describing

PrepTutorEJDIC

記述的な,叙述的な,説明的な;(…を)記述(説明)している《+『of』+『名』》 / 詳しく述べられた
〈C〉《複数形で》『覚え書き』,控え,メモ / 〈C〉(本文に対する)『注』,駐釈 / 〈C〉(形式ばらない)『短い手紙』,短信;外交上の文書 / 〈U〉『注目』,注意 / 〈U〉『重要性』(importance);顕著 / 〈C〉《単数形で》(声の)調子,(感情などの)しるし,兆候《+『of』+『名』》 / =promissory note / 〈C〉『紙幣』 / 〈C〉音楽;音符;(ピアノなどの)けん / …‘を'『書き留める』,記す / …‘に'『注意する』;…Iと'気づく / (取り立てて)…‘に'ついて言う,‘を'習す
〈U〉『書くこと』 / 〈U〉筆跡,書掛 / 〈U〉(口頭に対して)書かれて形式,文書 / 〈U〉〈C〉『書かれたもの』(手紙,書類,銘など) / 《複数形で》文学作品,著作 / 〈U〉著述業,文筆業
(証書・記録・資料などの)『文書』,書類 / …‘を'事実(証拠)で裏づける
〈U〉〈C〉(…の)『記述』,『描写』《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉人相書き,人相 / 〈C〉種類,銘柄
…‘を'『描写する』,‘の'特徴を述べる / 〈図形など〉‘を'『描く』,‘の'輪郭をかく

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/09 12:19:57」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

In the study of language, description or descriptive linguistics is the work of objectively analyzing and describing how language is actually used (or how it was used in the past) by a group of people in a speech community.

All scholarly research in linguistics is descriptive; like all other sciences, its aim is to observe the linguistic world as it is, without the bias of preconceived ideas about how it ought to be.^[1] Modern descriptive linguistics is based on a structural approach to language, as exemplified in the work of Leonard Bloomfield and others.^{[not verified in body]}

Linguistic description is often contrasted with linguistic prescription, which is found especially in education and in publishing. Prescription seeks to define standard language forms and give advice on effective language use, and can be thought of as a presentation of the fruits of descriptive research in a learnable form, though it also draws on more subjective aspects of language aesthetics. Prescription and description are complementary, but have different priorities and sometimes are seen to be in conflict. Descriptivism is the belief that description is more significant or important to teach, study, and practice than prescription.

Description

As English-linguist Larry Andrews describes it, descriptive grammar is the linguistic approach that studies what a language is like, as opposed to prescriptive grammar, which declares what a language should be like.^[2] In other words, descriptive grammarians focus analysis on how all sorts of people in all sorts of environments, usually in more casual, everyday settings, communicate, while prescriptive grammarians focus on the grammatical rules and structures predetermined by linguistic registers and figures of power for those who are under the control of said authorities to use. An example Andrews uses in his book is fewer than vs less than.^[3] A descriptive grammarian would state that both statements are correct, as long as the receiver of the message can understand the meaning behind the statement. A prescriptive grammarian, on the other hand, would analyze the rules and conventions behind the statements made and determine which statement is correct according to those rules. Andrews also believes that although the majority of linguists would be descriptive grammarians, the majority of public school teachers tend to be prescriptive.^[4]

Challenges

Accurate description of real speech is a difficult problem, and linguists have often been reduced to approximations. Almost all linguistic theory has its origin in practical problems of descriptive linguistics. Phonology (and its theoretical developments, such as the phoneme) deals with the function and interpretation of sound in language. Syntax has developed to describe the rules concerning how words relate to each other in order to form sentences. Lexicology collects "words" and their derivations and transformations: it has not given rise to much generalized theory.

An extreme "mentalist" viewpoint denies that the linguistic description of a language can be done by anyone but a competent speaker. Such speakers have internalized something called "linguistic competence", which gives them the ability to extrapolate correctly from their experience new but correct expressions, and to reject expressions which do not convey meaning in the way the speaker intends. For example, an expression could be ambiguous, possibly leading to several different interpretations by the listener. Depending on the speaker's intent, ambiguity can be desirable (as in jokes and other humor) or not.^{[citation needed]}

A linguistic description is considered descriptively adequate if it achieves one or more of the following goals of descriptive linguistics:

A description of the phonology of the language in question.
A description of the morphology of words belonging to that language.
A description of the syntax of well-formed sentences of that language.
A description of lexical derivation.
A documentation of the vocabulary, including at least one thousand entries.
A reproduction of a few genuine texts.

References

^ Kordić, Snježana (2010). Jezik i nacionalizam [Language and Nationalism]. Rotulus Universitas (in Serbo-Croatian). Zagreb: Durieux. p. 60. ISBN 978-953-188-311-5. LCCN 2011520778. OCLC 729837512. OL 15270636W. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
^ Andrews, Larry (2006). Language Exploration and Awareness: A Resource Book for Teachers. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers. p. 25. ISBN 0-8058-4308-6.
^ Andrews, Larry (2006). Language Exploration and Awareness: A Resource Book for Teachers. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers. p. 26. ISBN 0-8058-4308-6.
^ Andrews, Larry (2006). Language Exploration and Awareness: A Resource Book for Teachers. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers. p. 26. ISBN 0-8058-4308-6.

Bibliography

Antoinette Renouf, Andrew Kehoe, The Changing Face of Corpus Linguistics – 2006 – 408 pages, p. 377
Patrick R. Bennett, Comparative Semitic Linguistics: A Manual – 1998 – 269 pages, p. 3
William A. Haviland, PRINS, WALRATH, Harald E. L. Prins, Dana Walrath, Bunny McBride, Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge – HAVILAND – 2004 – 496 pages, p. 93

UpToDate Contents

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1. 尿細管間質性腎炎とブドウ膜炎（TINU症候群） tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis tinu syndrome
2. 慢性連日性頭痛の概要 overview of chronic daily headache
3. 骨折のマネージメントの一般原則：骨治癒および骨折について general principles of fracture management bone healing and fracture description
4. 小児における上腕骨骨幹部骨折 midshaft humeral fractures in children
5. 冠動脈疾患および脳卒中の一次予防の概要 overview of primary prevention of coronary heart disease and stroke

English Journal

Low-salt porcine serum concentrate as functional ingredient in frankfurters.

Parés D, Saguer E, Pap N, Toldrà M, Carretero C.SourceInstitut de Tecnologia Agroalimentària, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17071 Girona, Spain.
Meat science.Meat Sci.2012 Oct;92(2):151-6. Epub 2012 May 2.
The objective was to assay the use of serum from porcine blood as functional ingredient in frankfurter production. Three pilot productions of sausages were carried out to compare serum containing frankfurters to sausages based on a standard commercial formula that included caseinate and polyphosphat
PMID 22607815

Nonresponse analysis and adjustment in a mail survey on car accidents.

Tivesten E, Jonsson S, Jakobsson L, Norin H.SourceDept 91410, Volvo Cars Safety Centre, Volvo Car Corporation, Göteborg, Sweden; Vehicle Safety Division, Department of Applied Mechanics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
Accident; analysis and prevention.Accid Anal Prev.2012 Sep;48:401-15. Epub 2012 Mar 28.
Statistical accident data plays an important role for traffic safety development involving the road system, vehicle design, and driver education. Vehicle manufacturers use data from accident mail surveys as an integral part of the product development process. Low response rates has, however, lead to
PMID 22664706

Valuation of morbidity and mortality risk reductions. Does context matter?

Nielsen JS, Gyrd-Hansen D, Kjær T.SourceUniversity of Southern Denmark, COHERE, Denmark.
Accident; analysis and prevention.Accid Anal Prev.2012 Sep;48:246-53. Epub 2012 Feb 23.
The main research purpose of the present study was to test for any differences in the valuation of morbidity and mortality risk reductions across two contexts; traffic and health. A contingent valuation study on preferences for morbidity and mortality risk was carried out in Denmark in 2007. Respond
PMID 22664687

Japanese Journal

Changing Burden of HIV/AIDS to Clinical Settings in Northern Thailand over 15 Years

Pathipvanich Panita,Tsuchiya Naho,Rojanawiwat Archawin,Schmidt Wolf-Peter,Auwanit Wattana,Sawanpanyalert Pathom,Ariyoshi Koya
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 66(5), 375-378, 2013-09-19
… We conducted a hospital-based descriptive study to describe the changing pattern of patient numbers, characteristics, and mortality rates among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in northern Thailand over 15 years. …
NAID 120005343846

OOJ上に構築するソフトウェアV&Vのためのテスト環境の提案と実装

大木幹生,池田陽祐,上田賀一,畠山正行
情報処理学会研究報告. MPS, 数理モデル化と問題解決研究報告 2013-MPS-95(9), 1-6, 2013-09-19
個人規模のプログラム開発を目的として記述言語系 OOJ が構築されてきた.この OOJ は 4 つの内部サブ言語に分けて任意に詳細な追跡性を備えている. OOJ は一つにはプログラムがユーザの狙いや目的を正確に反映していること、および計算結果の妥当性を検証できる仕組みの実現を狙っているからである.本研究では OOJ 上にソフトウェア V&V のためのテスト環境を構築した事を報告する。具体的には客観 …
NAID 110009606409

V&V評価の仕組みを組み込んだOOJ記述環境の開発と評価

池田陽祐,大木幹生,三塚恵嗣,上田賀一,畠山正行
情報処理学会研究報告. MPS, 数理モデル化と問題解決研究報告 2013-MPS-95(8), 1-6, 2013-09-19
本論文では IEEE Std 1012 に準拠した V&V 評価の仕組みを組み込んだ OOJ 記述環境の構築について報告する.OOJ 記述環境は記述言語系 OOJ を支援するための開発環境である.OOJ は離散・構造化モデルに基づいた設計をしており,個人規模や教育に対してのプログラム開発を対象としている.OOJ の開発過程は分析・設計・実装・プログラムの 4 つの段階に分けており,各段階では離散・ …
NAID 110009606408

Willingness to Pay for Organic Vegetables in Vietnam : An Empirical Analysis in Hanoi capital

Hai Ngo Minh,Moritaka Masahiro,Fukuda Susumu,森高正博,福田晋
Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University 58(2), 449-458, 2013-09-00
… A sample of 185 respondents surveyed at four big supermarkets in Hanoi was analyzed by descriptive statistics and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) under double bounded dichotomous choice approach. …
NAID 120005326673

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「note」「describe」「document」「記述」「description」
拡張検索	「descriptively」「descriptive anatomy」

「note」

　　[★]

vt.

～に注意する、気づく、言及する、書き留める

関: attend、attention、attentional、care、caution、cautiously、describe、description、descriptive、document、documentation、feature、focus、heed、mention、notice、precaution、say、state、tell、watch、writing

「describe」

　　[★]

vt.

(特徴などを)ことばで述べる、記述する、描写する、説明する。(人を)評する(as)
(線・図形を)描く(draw)。絵で描写する(delineate)

関: characterization、delineate、delineation、depict、depiction、description、descriptive、document、documentation、mention、note、say、state、tell、writing

「document」

　　[★]

n.

文書、ドキュメント

v.

記述する、実証する、考証する

関: corroborate、demonstrate、demonstration、describe、description、descriptive、documentation、note、substantiate、substantiation、writing

「記述」

　　[★]

英: description、documentation、writing、describe、document、note、descriptive
関: 記述的、考証、実証、説明的、注意、注目、述べる、描写、文書、証拠文献、文書化、ドキュメント

「description」

　　[★]

n.

記述、描写

関: characterization、delineate、delineation、depict、depiction、describe、descriptive、document、documentation、note、writing

「descriptively」

　　[★]

記述的に

関: descriptive

「descriptive anatomy」

　　[★] 系統解剖学。記載解剖学

[1] Kordić, Snježana (2010). Jezik i nacionalizam [Language and Nationalism]. Rotulus Universitas (in Serbo-Croatian). Zagreb: Durieux. p. 60. ISBN 978-953-188-311-5. LCCN 2011520778. OCLC 729837512. OL 15270636W. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2012.

[2] Andrews, Larry (2006). Language Exploration and Awareness: A Resource Book for Teachers. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers. p. 25. ISBN 0-8058-4308-6.

[3] Andrews, Larry (2006). Language Exploration and Awareness: A Resource Book for Teachers. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers. p. 26. ISBN 0-8058-4308-6.

[4] Andrews, Larry (2006). Language Exploration and Awareness: A Resource Book for Teachers. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers. p. 26. ISBN 0-8058-4308-6.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

descriptive