billet

　 　

WordNet

1. lodging for military personnel (especially in a private home)
2. a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank); "he peeled off five one-thousand-zloty notes" (同)note, government note, bank_bill, banker''s bill, bank note, banknote, Federal Reserve note, greenback
3. advertise especially by posters or placards; "He was billed as the greatest tenor since Caruso"
4. a long-handled saw with a curved blade; "he used a bill to prune branches off of the tree" (同)billhook
5. a brim that projects to the front to shade the eyes; "he pulled down the bill of his cap and trudged ahead" (同)peak, eyeshade, visor, vizor
6. the entertainment offered at a public presentation
7. an itemized statement of money owed for goods shipped or services rendered; "he paid his bill and left"; "send me an account of what I owe" (同)account, invoice
8. a statute in draft before it becomes law; "they held a public hearing on the bill" (同)measure
9. a list of particulars (as a playbill or bill of fare)

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (兵舎でなく民有または公共建造物内にある)軍人(兵士)宿舎;民宿割当書 / 《話》《まれ》仕事;地位 / (特に兵舎以外のところに)〈兵士〉'を'宿泊させる
2. 《おどけて》恋文
3. 『勘定書』,請求書,つけ / 証書;手形 / 《米》『紙弊』,札(さつ)(《英》note) / (議会を)『法案』,議案 / 張り札,ビラ(poster);番組,(芝居の)番付 / 目録,表(list) / =billhook / …‘に'(…の)勘定書(請求書)を送る《+『名』+『for』+『名』》 / …ポスター(ビラ)で宣伝する
4. 『くちばし』(特にハト・水鳥などの細長くて平たいもの) / (鳥が)くちばしを触れ合う

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/15 17:06:13」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Billet (disambiguation).

A billet is a term for living quarters to which a soldier is assigned to sleep. Historically, it referred to a private dwelling that was required to accept the soldier.

Soldiers are generally billeted in barracks or garrisons when not on combat duty, although in some armies soldiers with families are permitted to maintain a home off-post. Used for a building, the term is more commonly used in British English; United States standard terms are quarters, barracks, "Single (Soldier) Housing" or "Family Housing".

British history

Main article: s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Billeting

Originally, a "billet" (from the French) was a note, commonly used in the 18th and early 19th centuries as a "billet of invitation." A particular use of the word in this sense is to denote an order issued to a soldier entitling him to quarters with a certain person. From this meaning, the word billet came to be loosely used of the quarters thus obtained. Repeated petitions against the practice of billeting, starting in the 16th century, culminated in its outlawing in 1689 as an extension of a section of the Petition of Right 1563.

During wartime, civilians who have been evacuated from a city in danger of attack are billetted in communal shelters or in the homes of individuals. The practice of billetting evacuees was widespread in Britain during World War II, particularly during the Blitz, when children and other non-essential persons in major cities were sent to rural areas for safety.

In European countries since the formation of regular forces the Quartermaster was an occupation and a rank of the individuals responsible for provision of sleeping quarters as well as other provisions for regular time troops.

United States usage

One of the major grievances of the American colonists against the British government which led to the American Revolutionary War was the quartering of soldiers in civilian homes. As a result, the Third Amendment to the United States Constitution provides restrictions on the manner in which the Federal government of the United States may require civilians to provide housing for American soldiers.

Billet can mean a specific personnel position, assignment, or duty station which may be filled by one person, most commonly used by the United States Navy, the United States Marine Corps, and the United States Coast Guard. Every person reporting aboard a ship or shore installation in the naval services is assigned a billet according to the unit watch, quarter and station bill, which shows the duties, stations and billet assignments for all crew members.

Billet can also refer to the position and weapons of the members of a unit. For example, the billets of a fireteam include a fireteam leader (M16), a rifleman (M16), an automatic rifleman (M249), and a grenadier (M16 with M203 grenade launcher).

Other usage

In Spain the noble officers of royal tercios were billeted in the homes of the affluent and well-to-do of the cities/towns they were stationed in. This usage is employed as a plot device in the Barber of Seville.

In Canada, the term is widely used in conjunction with housing visiting performers from theatrical or musical tours, such as for a Fringe theatre festival or a choir festival. Students travelling for a band or choir tour may billet with members of the host band or choir.

In copper production, a billet is a 30' log, about 8" diameter, of pure copper.

The expression "billet" is also used for an exchange student.

Amateur sports

In North America, billet families offer room and board to junior ice hockey players (or Under-20 athletes from other sports, such as soccer). who leave home to join elite teams in other towns. Coaches are often involved with matching a player to a billet family. The objective of a billet family is to provide a "home away from home" for young players during the season. However, exaggerated fears over child safety in amateur sports in Canada drastically curtailed billeting practice. Many places do not billet, while other clubs through their provincial sports' bodies have instituted mandatory criminal record checks for all involved in amateur sports, including coaches, volunteers and anyone over eighteen years of age from the host family.

Notes

Citations

References cited

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press 
• "Copper Production from Ore to Finished Product". Copper Development Association, Inc. Retrieved 27 December 2013. 
• Cutler, Deborah W. and Thomas J. Cutler (2005). Dictionary of Naval Terms. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland. ISBN 978-1-59114-150-1. 

English Journal

• Newborn hearing screening: analysis and outcomes after 100,000 births in Upper-Normandy French region.

• Caluraud S1, Marcolla-Bouchetemblé A2, de Barros A2, Moreau-Lenoir F3, de Sevin E4, Rerolle S5, Charrière E5, Lecler-Scarcella V6, Billet F7, Obstoy MF8, Amstutz-Montadert I2, Marie JP2, Lerosey Y3.
• International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology.Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol.2015 Jun;79(6):829-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.03.012. Epub 2015 Mar 23.
• OBJECTIVES: Neonatal hearing impairment is a common disorder with a prevalence of 1 to 2‰ worldwide, with significant consequences on overall development when rehabilitated too late. New-born hearing screening has been implemented in the 1990s in most European countries and the USA. The Upper-Norm
• PMID 25887133

• Conceptions of how a learning or teaching curriculum, workplace culture and agency of individuals shape medical student learning and supervisory practices in the clinical workplace.

• Strand P1, Edgren G, Borna P, Lindgren S, Wichmann-Hansen G, Stalmeijer RE.
• Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice.Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract.2015 May;20(2):531-57. doi: 10.1007/s10459-014-9546-0. Epub 2014 Aug 27.
• The role of workplace supervisors in the clinical education of medical students is currently under debate. However, few studies have addressed how supervisors conceptualize workplace learning and how conceptions relate to current sociocultural workplace learning theory. We explored physician concept
• PMID 25160816

• Improving the quality of care of patients with rheumatic disease using patient-centric electronic redesign software.

• Newman ED1, Lerch V, Billet J, Berger A, Kirchner HL.
• Arthritis care & research.Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken).2015 Apr;67(4):546-53. doi: 10.1002/acr.22479.
• OBJECTIVE: Electronic health records (EHRs) are not optimized for chronic disease management. To improve the quality of care for patients with rheumatic disease, we developed electronic data capture, aggregation, display, and documentation software.METHODS: The software integrated and reassembled in
• PMID 25417958

Japanese Journal

• Interval of Observation Plane in Visualization of Region near Defects in Billets Using Ultrasonic Computerized Tomography Method

• Kakuma Koichi,Norose Yoko,Mizutani Koichi,Wakatsuki Naoto
• Jpn J Appl Phys 52(7), 07HC10-07HC10-6, 2013-07-25
• … We conducted defect detection in a billet of duralumin with a deep-hole defect and found no discrepancy between our previous and present research results because the images obtained are similar. … We also conducted defect detection in a billet of steel with a spherical defect. …
• NAID 150000107381

• Speeding Up of Nondestructive Inspection for Shape-Distorted Billet by Simultaneous Measurement of Time of Flight

• Norose Yoko,Mizutani Koichi,Wakatsuki Naoto
• Jpn J Appl Phys 52(7), 07HC09-07HC09-8, 2013-07-25
• … In this paper, we propose a TOF measurement method to apply our inspection method to simultaneous TOF measurement in a shape-distorted billet to speed up the inspection. … As a result, the defects in a shape-distorted billet were successfully visualized in simultaneous TOF measurement by the present method. … Therefore, it is expected that the TOF measurement in the nondestructive inspection of a shape-distorted billet can be sped up by the proposed method. …
• NAID 150000107380

• サーボプレスによるA1070の衝撃押出し成形とその成形解析

• 四宮 徳章,白川 信彦
• 日本機械学会論文集Ａ編 79(804), 1107-1111, 2013
• … The effects of servo press slide motion on billet temperature were investigated by finite element method. …
• NAID 130003374696

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