出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/06/27 13:02:52」(JST)
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis | |
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Classification and external resources | |
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Woman of 80 years old, also with Th11 fracture.
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ICD-10 | M48.1 |
ICD-9 | 721.6 |
OMIM | 106400 |
DiseasesDB | 4932 |
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH, also known as Forestier's disease and ankylosing hyperostosis) is a non-inflammatory spondyloarthropathy. It is characterized by spiny ankylosis and ossification of spinal ligaments and entheses. Involvement is variable, but can involve the entire spine. The disc spaces and facet joints remain unaffected. Classically, advanced disease may have "melted candle wax" appearance along the spine on radiographic studies.[1]
The calcification and ossification is most common on the right side of the spine. In people with dextrocardia and situs inversus this calcification occurs on the left side, which confirms the role of the descending thoracic aorta in preventing the physical manifestations of DISH on one side of the spine.[2]
The exact cause is unknown. Mechanical factors, dietary and long term use of some antidepressants may be of significance. There is a correlation between these factors but not a cause or effect. The distinctive radiological feature of DISH is the continuous linear calcification along the antero-medial aspect of the thoracic spine. The disease is usually found in people in their 60s and above, and is extremely rare in people in their 40s and 30s. The disease can spread to any joint of the body, affecting the neck, shoulders, ribs, hips, pelvis, knees, ankles, and hands. The disease is not fatal, however some associated complications can lead to death. Complications include paralysis, dysphagia (the inability to swallow), and pulmonary infections. Although DISH manifests in a similar manner to ankylosing spondylitis, these two are totally separate diseases. Ankylosing spondylitis is a genetic disease with identifiable marks, and affects organs. DISH has no indication of a genetic link, and does not affect organs other than the lungs, which is only indirect due to the fusion of the rib cage.[3]
Treatment of acne with vitamin derived retinoids was noticed to be associated with similar manifestations in some patients especially with Etretinate[4] which is no longer available for clinical use. other retinoids, like acitretin may cause extraspinal hyperostosis.[5]
DISH may be symptomatic for thoracic spinal pain in approximately 80% of patients. It may also be discovered as an incidental radiological abnormality, as mentioned above, without any symptoms. Back pain or stiffness is worse in the morning in almost two-thirds of patients. Increased incidence of dysphagia is also reported in some cases.[6][7] Similar calcification and ossification may be seen at peripheral entheseal sites, including the shoulder, iliac crest, ischial tuberosity, trochanters of the hip, tibial tuberosities, patellae, and bones of the hands and/or feet.[8]
Physiotherapy and manipulative therapy shows beneficial results for decreasing pain and increasing spinal range of motion.[9][10] As areas of the spine and tendons can become inflamed NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and Naproxen can be helpful in both relieving pain and inflammation associated with DISH. It is hoped that by minimizing inflammation in these areas, further calcification of tendons and ligaments of the spine leading to bony outgrowths (enthesophytes) will be prevented, although causative factors are still unknown.
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リンク元 | 「糖尿病」「強直性脊椎骨増殖症」「Forestier disease」「広汎性特発性骨増殖症」 |
関連記事 | 「diffuse」「idiopathic」「hyperostosis」「skeletal」 |
糖尿病との関係 | 疾患 | 臨床的特徴 |
糖尿病が直接病因に関与する疾患 | 糖尿病性手関節症(diabetic cheiroarthropathy) | コントロール不良の糖尿病に多い。原因不明の皮膚硬化が徐々に進行し、手指の屈曲拘縮を来し手全体に及び、強皮症と誤診される。手指を合わせることができない(Prayer徴候)。 |
シャルコー関節 | 頻度は低い(1%)が、長期糖尿病コントロール不良患者に多い。通常、足根中足関節などの中足部が多く、足底表面、前足部、中足部に潰瘍形成の合併を認めることがあり、骨髄炎との鑑別が困難な例あり。 | |
糖尿病性骨溶解(diabetic osteolysis) | 原因不明の足趾の末節骨や基節骨の骨吸収が起こリ、足痛の原因となる。X線ではickedcandy変形を呈し、骨髄炎との鑑別が困難。 | |
糖尿病性筋梗塞 | 外傷、感染、腫瘍がなく大腿部などに急激に増大する疼痛を伴う腫瘤を認める。生検は出血の危険があるため行わない。通常1~2カ月で自然寛解する | |
糖尿病性筋萎縮症(diabetic amyotrophy) | 糖尿病性末梢神経障害の一型。大腿前部の痛みで、時に脱力や萎縮が非対称性に起きる。CPKの上昇はなく、脳脊髄液で軽度蛋白上昇以外の有意な所見はない。神経伝導速度.筋電図では神経原性変化を認め、筋生検では炎症細胞浸潤を伴わない筋線経の萎縮あり。 | |
直接の関係は不明だが糖尿病患者に頻度が高い疾患 | 癒着性関節包炎(凍結肩または五十肩) | 糖尿病患者の10-33%にみられる。長期2型糖尿病を有する女性に多く、肩の痛みと可動域障害を呈する。約半数が両側性だが非利き手側で症状が強い。炎症反応やX線異常を認めず、数週~数カ月で自然寛解する。 |
複合性局所疼痛症候群1型(complex regional pain syndrome CRPS) | 四肢の疼痛、皮膚色変化、皮膚温の変化、浮腫、可動域制限などの症候を呈するまれな症候群。 | |
手掌屈筋鍵炎 | 糖尿病患者の5-33%に認められる。長期に罹患した女性に多く、利き手側の母指に頻度(75%)が高いが、どの指にもみられる。 | |
Dupuytren拘縮 | 手掌筋膜の短縮と肥厚(有痛性結節)を生じ、第4、5指の屈曲拘縮を呈する。1型糖尿病で長期に罹患した患者に多いが、血糖コントロールとの関係はない。 | |
手根管症候群 | 手根管症候群の全患者の最大15%に糖尿病を認める。 | |
広汎性特発性骨増殖症(diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis DISH) | 2型糖尿病患者の約20%にみられ、50才以上の肥満患者に多い。頭部、腰部のこわばリ、関節の可動域制限を呈する。全身の腱付着部痛を呈することもある。 | |
その他 | 感染性関節炎や骨髄炎 | 血糖上昇による免疫力低下が感染症リスクを上昇させることによる |
正常 糖尿病型 空腹時血糖値 <110mg/dL ≧126mg/dL and or 75g OGTT2時間値 <140mg/dL ≧200mg/dL
.