adj.

特発の、特発性の。原因不明の。ある個人に独特の

関: agnogenic、cryptogenic、idiopathy

WordNet

(of diseases) arising from an unknown cause; "idiopathic epilepsy"

PrepTutorEJDIC

特発性疾患の(病気の原因があいまいな,また不明な場合)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/11/23 01:53:36」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

An idiopathy is any disease with unknown cause or mechanism of apparently spontaneous origin.^[1] From Greek ἴδιος idios "one's own" and πάθος pathos "suffering", idiopathy means approximately "a disease of its own kind". For some medical conditions, one or more causes are somewhat understood, but in a certain percentage of people with the condition, the cause may not be readily apparent or characterized. In these cases, the origin of the condition is said to be idiopathic. With some other medical conditions, the root cause for a large percentage of all cases have not been established—for example, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or ankylosing spondylitis; the majority of these cases are deemed idiopathic.^[2] With other conditions, idiopathic cases account for only a small percentage (for example, pulmonary fibrosis).^[3]

Advances in medical science improve the study of causes of diseases and the classification of diseases; thus, regarding any particular condition or disease, as more root causes are discovered, and as events that seemed spontaneous have their origins revealed, the percentage of cases designated as idiopathic decreases.

The word essential is sometimes synonymous with idiopathic (as in essential proteinuria or essential thrombocythemia), and the same is true of primary (as in primary biliary cirrhosis or primary amenorrhea), with the latter term being used in such cases to contrast with secondary in the sense of "secondary to [i.e., caused by] some other condition." Another, less common synonym is agnogenic (agno-, "unknown" + -gen, "cause" + -ic). The word cryptogenic (crypto-, "hidden" + -gen, "cause" + -ic) has a sense that is synonymous with idiopathic^[4] and a sense that is contradistinguished from it.

Some congenital conditions are idiopathic, and sometimes the word congenital is used synonymously with idiopathic; but careful usage prefers to reserve the word congenital for conditions to which the literal sense of the word applies (that is, those whose pathophysiology has existed since the neonatal period).

References

^ "Oxford Reference". Concise Medical Dictionary (8 ed.). Retrieved 2014-01-18.
^ Daskalakis N, Winn M (2006). "Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis". Cell Mol Life Sci. 63 (21): 2506–11. doi:10.1007/s00018-006-6171-y. PMID 16952054.
^ "Medical Encyclopedia: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis". MedlinePlus. Retrieved 2007-02-13.
^ Elsevier, Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, Elsevier.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 多関節型若年性特発性関節炎：臨床症状、診断および合併症 polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis clinical manifestations diagnosis and complications
2. 少関節型若年性特発性関節炎 oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis
3. 若年性特発性関節炎：疫学と免疫病態学 juvenile idiopathic arthritis epidemiology and immunopathogenesis
4. 全身型若年性特発性関節炎：臨床症状および診断 systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis clinical manifestations and diagnosis
5. 全身型若年性特発性関節炎：治療 systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis treatment

English Journal

[Nanopathology as a new scientific disciplineMinireview].

Dvořáčková J, Bielniková H, Mačák J.AbstractThe detection of metal particles in the pathologically altered tissues (eg. in inflammatory lesions or tumors) led to the idea that they might be associated with emergence of some idiopathic diseases. To understand the etiopathogenesis of diseases associated with the presence of nanoparticles in the tissue there is a new area of patology - nanopathology. Numerous studies have shown that nanoparticles can enter the human body through inhalation or ingestion. Through the pulmonary alveoli, skin and intestinal mucosa, the nanoparticles may reach the blood and lymphatic system, which subsequently distributes them to other target organs. Epithelial surfaces of conjunctiva and skin represent another potential way of penetration of nanoparticles into the body. There is a number of studies, which described the adverse effects of ultrafine particles on respiratory and cardiovascular system. Recent studies have also shown that some nanoparticles are able to pass through the pores of the nuclear membrane, where they may pose a risk of damage to cells and genetic information and they are also potentially capable to cross the placental and hematoencephalic barriers. Further, their role in the induction of oxidative stress is significant in relation to the mutagenesis. Scanning electron microscopy with energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) represents a suitable tool for identification of metal-based particles in tissues and body fluids. Importance of nanopathogy can be seen in the elucidation of the etiopathogenesis of many diseases, not only of respiratory and cardiovascular systems, but also of many other organ systems. Keywords: nanoparticles - nanopathology - diseases of nanoparticles (nanopathologies) - ESEM-EDS.
Ceskoslovenská patologie.Cesk Patol.2013 Dec;49(1):46-50.
The detection of metal particles in the pathologically altered tissues (eg. in inflammatory lesions or tumors) led to the idea that they might be associated with emergence of some idiopathic diseases. To understand the etiopathogenesis of diseases associated with the presence of nanoparticles in the
PMID 23432076

May serum levels of advanced oxidized protein products serve as a prognostic marker of disease duration in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease?

García-Moreno JM, Martín de Pablos A, García-Sánchez MI, Méndez-Lucena C, Damas-Hermoso F, Rus M, Chacón J, Fernández E.Source1 Department of Medical Physiology, Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, University of Seville , Seville, Spain .
Antioxidants & redox signaling.Antioxid Redox Signal.2013 Apr 10;18(11):1296-302. doi: 10.1089/ars.2012.5026. Epub 2012 Dec 7.
Abstract Protein and amine halogenation is a type of oxidative stress induced by phagocytic overstimulation, and its role in Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been discerned. We have detected that advanced oxidized protein products, markers of protein halogenation, are reliably enhanced in serum of
PMID 23121480

Long-term treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis with tocilizumab: results of an open-label extension study in Japan.

Yokota S, Imagawa T, Mori M, Miyamae T, Takei S, Iwata N, Umebayashi H, Murata T, Miyoshi M, Tomiita M, Nishimoto N, Kishimoto T.SourceCorrespondence to Professor Shumpei Yokota, Department of Paediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; syokota@med.yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
Annals of the rheumatic diseases.Ann Rheum Dis.2013 Apr;72(4):627-8. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202310. Epub 2012 Nov 30.
PMID 23204515

Consensus statement on blocking the effects of interleukin-6 and in particular by interleukin-6 receptor inhibition in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions.

Smolen JS, Schoels MM, Nishimoto N, Breedveld FC, Burmester GR, Dougados M, Emery P, Ferraccioli G, Gabay C, Gibofsky A, Gomez-Reino JJ, Jones G, Kvien TK, Murakami M, Betteridge N, Bingham CO 3rd, Bykerk V, Choy EH, Combe B, Cutolo M, Graninger W, Lanas A, Martin-Mola E, Montecucco C, Ostergaard M, Pavelka K, Rubbert-Roth A, Sattar N, Scholte-Voshaar M, Tanaka Y, Trauner M, Valentini G, Winthrop KL, de Wit M, van der Heijde D.SourceCorrespondence to Professor Josef S Smolen, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna A-1090, Austria; josef.smolen@wienkav.at; josef.smolen@meduniwien.ac.at.
Annals of the rheumatic diseases.Ann Rheum Dis.2013 Apr;72(4):482-92. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202469. Epub 2012 Nov 21.
BACKGROUND: Since approval of tocilizumab (TCZ) for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), interleukin 6 (IL-6) pathway inhibition was evaluated in trials of TCZ and other agents targeting the IL-6 receptor and ligand in various RA populations and other infla
PMID 23172750

Japanese Journal

CLINICAL INVESTIGATION : Increased choroidal blood flow velocity with regression of unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy

Hashimoto Yuki,Saito Wataru,Saito Michiyuki [他]
Japanese journal of ophthalmology : the official international journal of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society 59(4), 252-260, 2015-07
NAID 40020527581

特発性間質性肺炎における抗ARS抗体の意義 (特集抗アミノアシルtRNA合成酵素抗体と間質性肺炎 : 最近の話題)

半田知宏
日本胸部臨床 74(7), 739-747, 2015-07
NAID 40020526653

特発性黄斑上膜における立体視の検討 (特集第68回日本臨床眼科学会講演集(5))

新竹広晃,森隆史,佐藤千尋 [他]
臨床眼科 69(7), 1051-1056, 2015-07
NAID 40020521931

免疫(3)自己免疫疾患の最近の知見〜新しく改訂された分類基準についての概説〜

勝又康弘
東京女子医科大学雑誌 85(3), 73-80, 2015-06-25
… SSc)分類基準、ACR/EULARによる特発性炎症性筋疾患(idiopathic inflammatory myopathies; …
NAID 110009915562

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「100Cases 71」「特発性」「cryptogenic」「idio-」「agnogenic」
拡張検索	「chronic idiopathic jaundice」「idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura」「idiopathic nephrotic syndrome」「idiopathic dilatation of esophagus」

「100Cases 71」

　　[★]

■症例

72歳　女性

現病歴：胸部の感染症にドキシサイクリンをGPに処方された。関節リウマチに長期間罹患しており、9年間、1日7mgのプレドニゾロンを服用している。関節痛のため時々パラセタモールを服用。GPが測定した血圧は138/82mmHgであった。抗菌薬を服用し始める2日前からはじまって5日間熱っぽく、食欲不振であり、ベットから動けないでいる。水は十分に飲ませている。5日目に傾眠傾向となり、起こすことが困難になったため、救急車で救急部に連れてきた。

主訴：傾眠

生活歴：単身。退職した娘が世話をするために引っ越してきている。

家族歴：なし。

身体所見 examination

　小柄である(50kgと評価された)が、最近になって体重が減少したということはない。体温38.8℃。眠たそうであり、命令には応じる。簡単な質問にしか答えない。全身性に筋緊張低下。局所神経症状無し。脈拍：118/min。血圧：104/68mmHg。頚静脈圧上昇せず。足首に腫脹無し。肺底部にcrackles(ラ音)とwheezes(笛音)を認める。関節にわずかに活動性の炎症と変形が認められる。これは関節リウマチの既往と合う所見である。

検査　 investigation

　ヘモグロビン：軽度低下。MCV：正常。白血球増多。ナトリウム低下。カリウム正常。尿素上昇。クレアチニン上昇。

問題0. □と○に入る言葉を述べよ

　1) 傾眠とは□□障害に含まれる

　2) 傾眠とは、刺激を与えなければ□□が低下するが、刺激を与えれば○○する状態である。

問題1. 患者に関連する以下の事項のうち何が傾眠と関係あるのだろうか？2つ選べ。

　1) ドキシサイクリンの副作用

　2) 関節リウマチの重症化

　3) プレドニゾロンの服用歴

　4) パラセタモールの服用歴

　5) 胸部感染症

問題2. 異常な検査所見をどう説明しますか？口頭で述べてください。ぶっちゃけ、やや低血圧であることと、ナトリウム低値が着目点です。腎機能低下は二次的なものです。