出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/05/06 01:15:35」(JST)
Proximal diabetic neuropathy | |
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Classification and external resources | |
ICD-10 | N312 |
ICD-9 | 353.5 |
OMIM | 603933 |
MedlinePlus | 000693 |
Proximal diabetic neuropathy, also known as lumbosacral radioplexus neurophagy, femoral neurophagy and diabetic amyotrophy, is a nerve disorder that results as a complication of diabetes mellitus. It affects the thighs, hips, buttocks and legs. Proximal diabetic neurophagy is a peripheral nerve disease (diabetic neuropathy) characterized by painful muscle wasting and weakness.[1] Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes. It is defined as damage to the nerves that allow you to feel the sensation pain. There are a number of ways that diabetes damages the nerves, all of which seem to be related to increased blood sugar levels over a long period of time. Proximal diabetic neuropathy is one of four types of diabetic neuropathy.[2]
Proximal diabetic neuropathy can occur in type 2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus patients however, it is most commonly found in type 2 diabetes patients.[3] Proximal neuropathy is the second most common type of diabetic neuropathy and can be resolved with time and treatment.[4]
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Symptoms of proximal diabetic neuropathy depend on which nerves are affected. The first symptom is usually pain in the buttocks, hips, thighs or legs. This pain most commonly affects one side of the body and can either start gradually, seemingly minor at first, or can come on all of a sudden. This is followed by intense weakness in the proximal muscles of the lower limbs that can result in patients being unable to go from a sitting to standing position without assistance.[5] This weakness begins unilaterally but can also spread bilaterally.[6]
Proximal diabetic neuropathy is often accompanied by polyneuropathy, a malfunction of many peripheral nerves at the same time, and musclefasciculation, small, involuntary muscle twitches or contractions that are visible under the skin.[7][8][9]
Diabetic neuropathy is caused by damage to nerves that allows one to feel sensations of pain. This damage appears to be linked to the nerves being exposed to high blood sugar levels for long periods of time. In the case of proximal diabetic neuropathy the nerves affected are located in the buttocks, thighs, hips and legs. Scientists do not know exactly how or why blood glucose affects the nerves, just that there appears to be a connection between the two.[10]
Motor and sensory nerve conduction studies and electromyographic examination of muscles are the basic techniques used for diagnosing the different types of diabetic neuropathies. Both nerve conduction studies and electromyography study the large diameter myelinated fibers. This can sometimes lead to misleading results for patients with small diameter fiber neurophagy.[11]
Proper management of diabetes mellitus can prevent proximal diabetic neuropathy from ever occurring.
Proximal diabetic neuropathy is very much reversible. This can be done by taking various measures such as:
Length of treatment varies with the amount of nerve damage.[13]
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リンク元 | 「糖尿病」「diabetic autonomic neuropathy」「糖尿病性筋萎縮症」「painful diabetic neuropathy」「糖尿病性筋萎縮」 |
関連記事 | 「diabetic」「amyotrophy」 |
糖尿病との関係 | 疾患 | 臨床的特徴 |
糖尿病が直接病因に関与する疾患 | 糖尿病性手関節症(diabetic cheiroarthropathy) | コントロール不良の糖尿病に多い。原因不明の皮膚硬化が徐々に進行し、手指の屈曲拘縮を来し手全体に及び、強皮症と誤診される。手指を合わせることができない(Prayer徴候)。 |
シャルコー関節 | 頻度は低い(1%)が、長期糖尿病コントロール不良患者に多い。通常、足根中足関節などの中足部が多く、足底表面、前足部、中足部に潰瘍形成の合併を認めることがあり、骨髄炎との鑑別が困難な例あり。 | |
糖尿病性骨溶解(diabetic osteolysis) | 原因不明の足趾の末節骨や基節骨の骨吸収が起こリ、足痛の原因となる。X線ではickedcandy変形を呈し、骨髄炎との鑑別が困難。 | |
糖尿病性筋梗塞 | 外傷、感染、腫瘍がなく大腿部などに急激に増大する疼痛を伴う腫瘤を認める。生検は出血の危険があるため行わない。通常1~2カ月で自然寛解する | |
糖尿病性筋萎縮症(diabetic amyotrophy) | 糖尿病性末梢神経障害の一型。大腿前部の痛みで、時に脱力や萎縮が非対称性に起きる。CPKの上昇はなく、脳脊髄液で軽度蛋白上昇以外の有意な所見はない。神経伝導速度.筋電図では神経原性変化を認め、筋生検では炎症細胞浸潤を伴わない筋線経の萎縮あり。 | |
直接の関係は不明だが糖尿病患者に頻度が高い疾患 | 癒着性関節包炎(凍結肩または五十肩) | 糖尿病患者の10-33%にみられる。長期2型糖尿病を有する女性に多く、肩の痛みと可動域障害を呈する。約半数が両側性だが非利き手側で症状が強い。炎症反応やX線異常を認めず、数週~数カ月で自然寛解する。 |
複合性局所疼痛症候群1型(complex regional pain syndrome CRPS) | 四肢の疼痛、皮膚色変化、皮膚温の変化、浮腫、可動域制限などの症候を呈するまれな症候群。 | |
手掌屈筋鍵炎 | 糖尿病患者の5-33%に認められる。長期に罹患した女性に多く、利き手側の母指に頻度(75%)が高いが、どの指にもみられる。 | |
Dupuytren拘縮 | 手掌筋膜の短縮と肥厚(有痛性結節)を生じ、第4、5指の屈曲拘縮を呈する。1型糖尿病で長期に罹患した患者に多いが、血糖コントロールとの関係はない。 | |
手根管症候群 | 手根管症候群の全患者の最大15%に糖尿病を認める。 | |
広汎性特発性骨増殖症(diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis DISH) | 2型糖尿病患者の約20%にみられ、50才以上の肥満患者に多い。頭部、腰部のこわばリ、関節の可動域制限を呈する。全身の腱付着部痛を呈することもある。 | |
その他 | 感染性関節炎や骨髄炎 | 血糖上昇による免疫力低下が感染症リスクを上昇させることによる |
正常 糖尿病型 空腹時血糖値 <110mg/dL ≧126mg/dL and or 75g OGTT2時間値 <140mg/dL ≧200mg/dL
糖尿病性自律神経障害、糖尿病自律神経障害、糖尿病性自律神経ニューロパチー、糖尿病性自律神経ニューロパシー
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