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(of diseases) arising from an unknown cause; "idiopathic epilepsy"

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特発性疾患の(病気の原因があいまいな,また不明な場合)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/22 06:59:21」(JST)

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An idiopathy is any disease with unknown pathogenesis or apparently spontaneous origin.^[1] From Greek ἴδιος idios "one's own" and πάθος pathos "suffering", idiopathy means approximately "a disease of its own kind". For some medical conditions, one or more causes are somewhat understood, but in a certain percentage of people with the condition, the cause may not be readily apparent or characterized. In these cases, the origin of the condition is said to be idiopathic. With some other medical conditions, the root cause for a large percentage of all cases have not been established—for example, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or ankylosing spondylitis; the majority of these cases are deemed idiopathic.^[2] With other conditions, idiopathic cases account for only a small percentage (for example, pulmonary fibrosis).^[1]

Advances in medical science improve etiology (the study of causes of diseases) and nosology (the classification of diseases); thus, regarding any particular condition or disease, as more root causes are discovered, and as events that seemed spontaneous have their origins revealed, the percentage of cases designated as idiopathic decreases.

The word essential is sometimes synonymous with idiopathic (as in essential proteinuria or essential thrombocythemia), and the same is true of primary (as in primary biliary cirrhosis or primary amenorrhea), with the latter term being used in such cases to contrast with secondary in the sense of "secondary to [i.e., caused by] some other condition." Another, less common synonym is agnogenic (agno-, "unknown" + -gen, "cause" + -ic). The word cryptogenic (crypto-, "hidden" + -gen, "cause" + -ic) has a sense that is synonymous with idiopathic^[3] and a sense that is contradistinguished from it.

Some congenital conditions are idiopathic, and sometimes the word congenital is used synonymously with idiopathic; but careful usage prefers to reserve the word congenital for conditions to which the literal sense of the word applies (that is, those whose pathophysiology has existed since the neonatal period).

References

^ ^a ^b "Oxford Reference". Concise Medical Dictionary (8 ed.). Retrieved 2014-01-18.
^ Daskalakis N, Winn M (2006). "Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis". Cell Mol Life Sci 63 (21): 2506–11. doi:10.1007/s00018-006-6171-y. PMID 16952054.
^ Elsevier, Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, Elsevier.

English Journal

Etiology of urethral stricture disease in the 21st century.

Lumen N, Hoebeke P, Willemsen P, De Troyer B, Pieters R, Oosterlinck W.SourceDepartment of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. lumennicolaas@hotmail.com
The Journal of urology.J Urol.2009 Sep;182(3):983-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.05.023. Epub 2009 Jul 18.
PURPOSE: We determined the current etiology of urethral stricture disease in the developed world and whether there are any differences in etiology by patient age and stricture site.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between January 2001 and August 2007 we prospectively collected a database on 268 male patients w
PMID 19616805

Bisphosphonate and nonbisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw: a review.

Almazrooa SA, Woo SB.SourceDepartment of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA. soulafa_almazrooa@hsdm.harvard.edu
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939).J Am Dent Assoc.2009 Jul;140(7):864-75.
BACKGROUND: The term "osteonecrosis of the jaw" (ONJ) is used almost synonymously with the term "bisphosphonate-associated ONJ." However, necrosis of the jawbones leading to exposure of bone is associated with other factors.TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: The authors conducted a literature search using P
PMID 19571050

Intrathecal narcotic infusion pumps for intractable pain of chronic pancreatitis: a pilot series.

Kongkam P, Wagner DL, Sherman S, Fogel EL, Whittaker SC, Watkins JL, McHenry L, Lehman GA.SourceIndiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
The American journal of gastroenterology.Am J Gastroenterol.2009 May;104(5):1249-55. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2009.54. Epub 2009 Apr 14.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intrathecal narcotics pump (ITNP) as an alternative treatment for patients with pain from chronic pancreatitis (CP). ITNP offers the advantages of reversibility, lower total narcotic dose, and the pancreas remaining intact.METHODS: Th
PMID 19367269