advent

• n.

• (重要人物・事件・時代などの)到来、出現、開始

関

appear、appearance、arrival、emerge、emergence、manifestation、occurrence

　 　

WordNet

1. arrival that has been awaited (especially of something momentous); "the advent of the computer" (同)coming
2. present oneself formally, as before a (judicial) authority; "He had to appear in court last month"; "She appeared on several charges of theft"
3. come into being or existence, or appear on the scene; "Then the computer came along and changed our lives"; "Homo sapiens appeared millions of years ago" (同)come along
4. be issued or published; "Did your latest book appear yet?"; "The new Woody Allen film hasnt come out yet" (同)come_out
5. seem to be true, probable, or apparent; "It seems that he is very gifted"; "It appears that the weather in California is very bad" (同)seem
6. appear as a character on stage or appear in a play, etc.; "Gielgud appears briefly in this movie"; "She appeared in `Hamlet on the London stage"
7. come into sight or view; "He suddenly appeared at the wedding"; "A new star appeared on the horizon"
8. formal attendance (in court or at a hearing) of a party in an action (同)appearing, coming into court
9. pretending that something is the case in order to make a good impression; "they try to keep up appearances"; "that ceremony is just for show" (同)show
10. outward or visible aspect of a person or thing (同)visual aspect
11. the act of appearing in public view; "the rookie made a brief appearance in the first period"; "it was Bernhardts last appearance in America"
12. a mental representation; "I tried to describe his appearance to the police"
13. the event of coming into sight
14. come up to the surface of or rise; "He felt new emotions emerge"
15. become known or apparent; "Some nice results emerged from the study"
16. come out into view, as from concealment; "Suddenly, the proprietor emerged from his office"
17. the act of emerging (同)emersion
18. the becoming visible; "not a days difference between the emergence of the andrenas and the opening of the willow catkins" (同)egress, issue
19. the gradual beginning or coming forth; "figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece" (同)outgrowth, growth
20. accomplishment of an objective (同)reaching
21. the act of arriving at a certain place; "they awaited her arrival"
22. someone who arrives (or has arrived) (同)arriver, comer
23. a story of an adventure (同)heroic tale
24. of or pertaining to adventurism
25. the season including the four Sundays preceding Christmas

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 《the ~》(際立ったもの・事件・人の)出現,到来《+『of』+『名』》 / 《A-》キリストの降臨;降臨節(クリスマス前のおよそ4週間の期間)
2. 『姿を現す』,出現する / 〈本・記事などが〉公になる,出版される / (劇などに)出演する;(法廷などに)出廷する,出頭する / (…のように)『見える』,『思われる』
3. 〈C〉『現れること』,出現;出演,出廷;出版,発刊 / 〈U〉〈C〉『外観』,見かけ,風さい(outward look) / 《複数形で》形勢
4. (水中・暗やみなどから)『出てくる』,現れる(appear)《+『from』(『out of』)+『名』》 / 〈問題・事実などが〉出てくる / (逆境などから)浮かび上がる《+『from』+『名』》
5. 出現
6. 〈U〉(…への)『到着』《+『at』(『in』)+『名』》 / 〈U〉(目標・目的などへの)『到達』《+『at』(『in』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉到着した人(物),到着する人(物);生まれた子
7. 大胆な,勇敢な

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/24 16:06:39」(JST)

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This article is about the Western Christian practice. For Eastern Christian practice, see Nativity Fast. For other uses, see Advent (disambiguation).

An acolyte lighting Advent candles

Liturgical year
Western
Advent Christmastide Ordinary Time Septuagesima/Pre-Lent/Shrovetide Lent Holy Week Paschal Triduum Eastertide Pentecost Ordinary Time
Eastern
Nativity Fast Christmastide Ordinary Time Septuagesima/Pre-Great Lent Great Lent Eastertide Apostles' Fast Ordinary Time

Advent is a season observed in many Western Christian churches as a time of expectant waiting and preparation for the celebration of the Nativity of Jesus at Christmas. The term is an anglicized version of the Latin word adventus, meaning "coming".

Advent is the beginning of the Western liturgical year and commences on Advent Sunday. The Eastern churches' equivalent of Advent is called the Nativity Fast, but it differs in both length and observances and does not begin the church year, which starts instead on September 1. At least in the Roman Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, Moravian, Presbyterian and Methodist calendars, Advent starts on the fourth Sunday before December 25, which is the Sunday between November 27 and December 3 inclusive.

Latin adventus is the translation of the Greek word parousia, commonly used to refer to the Second Coming of Christ. For Christians, the season of Advent anticipates the coming of Christ from two different perspectives. The season offers the opportunity to share in the ancient longing for the coming of the Messiah, and to be alert for his Second Coming.

Traditions

The theme of readings and teachings during Advent is often the preparation for the Second Coming while commemorating the First Coming of Christ at Christmas. The first clear references in the Western Church to Advent occur in the Gelasian Sacramentary, which provides Advent Collects, Epistles, and Gospels for the five Sundays preceding Christmas and for the corresponding Wednesdays and Fridays. While the readings relate to the first coming of Jesus Christ as savior as well as to his second coming as judge, traditions vary in the relative importance of penitence and expectation during the four Sundays in Advent.

Liturgical Colors

See also: Liturgical colours

Censing during solemn Advent vespers.

The usual liturgical colour in Western Christianity for Advent is either purple or blue. The purple color is often used for hangings around the church, the vestments of the clergy, and often also the tabernacle. In some Christian denominations, blue, a colour representing hope, is an alternative liturgical colour for Advent, a custom traced to the usage of the Church of Sweden (Lutheran) and the medieval Sarum Rite in England. In addition, the colour blue is also used in the Mozarabic Rite (Catholic and Anglican), which dates from the 8th century. This colour is often referred to as "Sarum blue".

The Lutheran Book of Worship lists blue as the preferred colour for Advent while the Methodist Book of Worship identifies purple or blue as appropriate for Advent. There has been an increasing trend to supplant purple with blue during Advent as it is a hopeful season of preparation that anticipates both Bethlehem and the consummation of history in the second coming of Jesus Christ.

Proponents of this new liturgical trend argue that purple is traditionally associated with solemnity and somberness, which is fitting to the repentant character of Lent. The Roman Catholic Church retains the traditional purple.

On the 3rd Sunday of Advent, Gaudete Sunday, rose may be used instead, referencing the rose used on Laetare Sunday, the 4th Sunday of Lent.

During the Nativity Fast, red is used by Eastern Christianity, although gold is an alternative color.

Music

Many churches also hold special musical events, such as Nine Lessons and Carols and singing of Handel's Messiah oratorio, Also, the Advent Prose, an antiphonal plainsong, may be sung. The "Late Advent Weekdays", December 17–24, mark the singing of the Great Advent 'O antiphons'. These are the antiphons for the Magnificat at Vespers, or Evening Prayer (in the Roman Catholic and Lutheran churches) and Evensong in Anglican churches each day and mark the forthcoming birth of the Messiah. They form the basis for each verse of the popular Advent hymn, "O come, O come, Emmanuel".

Fasting

From the 4th century the season was kept as a period of fasting as strict as in Lent (commencing in some localities on 11 November; this being the feast day of St. Martin of Tours, the fast became known as "St. Martin's Lent", "St. Martin's Fast" or the "forty days of St. Martin"). The feast day was in many countries a time of frolic and heavy eating, since the 40-day fast began the next day.

In the Anglican and Lutheran churches this fasting rule was later relaxed. The Roman Catholic Church did so later, but kept Advent as a season of penitence. In addition to fasting, dancing and similar festivities were forbidden in these traditions. On Rose Sunday, relaxation of the fast was permitted. Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches still hold the tradition of fasting for 40 days before Christmas.

Folk Traditions

Advent Lanterns

In England, especially in the northern counties, there was a custom (now extinct) for poor women to carry around the "Advent images", two dolls dressed to represent Jesus and the Blessed Virgin Mary. A halfpenny coin was expected from every one to whom these were exhibited and bad luck was thought to menace the household not visited by the doll-bearers before Christmas Eve at the latest.

In Normandy, farmers employed children under twelve to run through the fields and orchards armed with torches, setting fire to bundles of straw, and thus it was believed driving out such vermin as were likely to damage the crops.

In Italy, among other Advent celebrations is the entry into Rome in the last days of Advent of the Calabrian pifferari, or bagpipe players, who play before the shrines of Mary, the mother of Jesus: in Italian tradition, the shepherds played these pipes when they came to the manger at Bethlehem to pay homage to the infant Jesus.

In recent times the most common observance of Advent outside church circles has been the keeping of an advent calendar or advent candle, with one door being opened in the calendar, or one section of the candle being burned, on each day in December leading up to Christmas Eve.

Four Sundays and Candles

Advent wreaths are used to mark the passage of the season.

The keeping of an advent wreath is also a common practice in homes or churches. The readings for the first Sunday in Advent relate to the old testament patriarchs who were Christ's ancestors, so some call the first advent candle that of hope. The readings for the second Sunday concern Christ's birth in a manger and other prophesies, so the candle may be called of Bethlehem, the way or of the prophets. The third Sunday, Gaudete Sunday after the first word of the introit (Philippians 4:4), is celebrated with rose-colored vestments similar to Laetare Sunday at the middle point of Lent.

The readings relate to St. John the Baptist, and the rose candle may be called of joy or of the shepherds. In the Episcopal Church USA, the collect stir up may be read during this week, although before the 1979 revision of the Book of Common Prayer it was sometimes read in the first Sunday of Advent. Even earlier, 'Stir-up Sunday' was once jocularly associated with the stirring of the Christmas mincement, begun before Advent.

The readings for the fourth Sunday relate to the annunciation of Christ's birth, so the candle may be known as the Angel's candle. The Magnificat or Song of Mary may be featured. Where an advent wreath includes a fifth candle, it is known as the Christ candle and lit during the Christmas Eve service.

See also

• Dormition Fast
• Fasting and abstinence in the Roman Catholic Church
• Great Lent
• Mortification of the flesh in Christianity
• Rogation Days

Notes

References

• Book of Common Prayer, 1979 according to the usage of The Episcopal Church

External links

• Advent Sermon Series from the Society of Saint John the Evangelist, a monastic community in the Episcopal Church
• Catholic Encyclopedia: Advent
• American Catholic: Advent to Epiphany Prayers, calendar and activities
• Liturgical Resources for Advent
• Advent FAQ at the Missouri Synod Lutheran web site
• Advent Online Devotional site
• Online Resources for the Season of Advent at The Text This Week

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Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「appear」「occurrence」「appearance」「emergence」「emerge」
拡張検索	「adventitial」「adventitial tissue」

「appear」

　　[★]

• vi.

• 見えてくる、現れる。発生/出現する、出る。出頭/出場/出演する(as)。
• 明白である、はっきりしてくる。見たところ～らしい、～と思われる。

The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome appears to be due to increased capillary permeability triggered by excessive release of one or more vasoactive substances secreted during maturation and luteinization of multiple follicles.(uptodate)(OHSSは、多数の卵胞が成熟し黄体となる過程で放出されるいくつかの血管作動性物質の過剰な放出が引き金となり、毛細血管の透過性が増加することによると思われる。)

関

advent、appearance、arrival、assume、believe、emerge、emergence、feel、look、manifestation、occurrence、seem、suppose、suspect、think

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「occurrence」

　　[★]

• n.

• 発生、発現、生起、出来。(鉱物などの)産出、存在。(生態)出現
• できごと、事件

関

advent, appear, appearance, arrival, develop, development, developmental, emerge, emergence, engender, event, frequency, generate, generation, incidence, incidence rate, incident, manifestation, occur, onset, transpire

　 　

「appearance」

　　[★]

• n.

• 出現、発生。出頭、出廷。出演、出場。出版、発刊
• 外観、うわべ、見かけ、外見、様相、様子、体面、体裁、(人の)風采
• (ものの)感覚的印象、感じ(方)
• (自然の)現象

関

advent, appear, arrival, emerge, emergence, figure, form, look, manifestation, occurrence, shape, situation

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「emergence」

　　[★]

• n.

• 出現、発生、(植物)出芽

関

advent、appear、appearance、arrival、bud、budding、develop、development、developmental、emerge、engender、generate、generation、germinate、germinating、manifestation、occur、occurrence、onset、sprout、sprouting、transpire

　 　 　 　

「emerge」

　　[★]

• vi.

• (水中、暗闇などから)出てくる、現れる(⇔submerge)
• (貧困・低い身分などから)抜け出る、浮かび上がる(from)
• (新事実などが)わかってくる、現れる、明らかになる。(問題・困難などが)持ち上がる

関

advent、appear、appearance、arrival、emergence、manifestation、occurrence

　 　 　 　

「adventitial」

　　[★]

• adj.

(血管)外膜の

関

adventitia、outer membrane

　

「adventitial tissue」

　　[★]

外膜組織

関

adventitia、connective tissue