WordNet

undergo meiosis; "The cells reduce"
cook until very little liquid is left; "The cook reduced the sauce by boiling it for a long time" (同)boil_down, concentrate
be the essential element; "The proposal boils down to a compromise" (同)come_down, boil_down
take off weight (同)melt off, lose weight, slim, slenderize, thin, slim down
make smaller; "reduce an image" (同)scale_down
narrow or limit; "reduce the influx of foreigners" (同)tighten
make less complex; "reduce a problem to a single question"
cut down on; make a reduction in; "reduce your daily fat intake"; "The employer wants to cut back health benefits" (同)cut_down, cut_back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut, bring_down
bring to humbler or weaker state or condition; "He reduced the population to slavery"
destress and thus weaken a sound when pronouncing it
lessen and make more modest; "reduce ones standard of living"
lower in grade or rank or force somebody into an undignified situation; "She reduced her niece to a servant"
reposition (a broken bone after surgery) back to its normal site
simplify the form of a mathematical equation of expression by substituting one term for another
of a later stage in the development of a language or literature; used especially of dead languages; "Late Greek"
later than usual or than expected; "the train arrived late"; "we awoke late"; "the children came late to school"; "notice came so tardily that we almost missed the deadline"; "I belatedly wished her a happy birthday" (同)belatedly, tardily
at or toward an end or late period or stage of development; "the late phase of feudalism"; "a later symptom of the disease"; "later medical science could have saved the child" (同)later
of the immediate past or just previous to the present time; "a late development"; "their late quarrel"; "his recent trip to Africa"; "in recent months"; "a recent issue of the journal" (同)recent
at an advanced age or stage; "she married late"; "undertook the project late in her career"
being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time; "late evening"; "late 18th century"; "a late movie"; "took a late flight"; "had a late breakfast"
having died recently; "her late husband"
of critical importance and consequence; "an acute (or critical) lack of research funds"
having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions; "an acute observer of politics and politicians"; "incisive comments"; "icy knifelike reasoning"; "as sharp and incisive as the stroke of a fang"; "penetrating insight"; "frequent penetrative observations" (同)discriminating, incisive, keen, knifelike, penetrating, penetrative, piercing, sharp
extremely sharp or intense; "acute pain"; "felt acute annoyance"; "intense itching and burning" (同)intense
having or experiencing a rapid onset and short but severe course; "acute appendicitis"; "the acute phase of the illness"; "acute patients"
of an angle; less than 90 degrees

PrepTutorEJDIC

(あるところまで)〈数量など〉‘を'『減らす』,小さくする;〈程度・地位など〉‘を'『下げる』《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / 《しばしば受動態で》(ある状態・形に)…‘を'『する,』変える,至らせる《+『名』+『to』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / (単純な要素・部分に)…‘を'分解する,還元する《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / …‘を'(…に)換算する,約分する《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / 《話》〈人が〉減量する / 〈数量などが〉減る;〈程度・位などが〉下がる
(定刻・通常・予定の時間より)『遅れた』,遅い / (時刻が)『遅い』,遅く始まる,遅くまで続く;夜更けの / (時期が)『遅い』,終りごろの,後期の / 『最近の』,最新の(recent) / 《the~,one's~》『前の』,先の,前任の(former) / 《the~,one's~》『故』…,つい先ごろ死んだ / (定刻などより)『遅れて』,遅く / (時刻が)『遅く』,遅くまで,(特に)夜更けに;(時期が)遅く,終りごろに / 『最近』,近ごろ(recently)
(先の)『鋭い』,とがった / (痛み・感情などが)『激しい』,強い / (知力・感覚などが)『鋭い』,鋭敏な / (事態が)重大な / (病気が)急性の / (音が)高い,鋭い / 鋭角の
《語・句・節を対等に結んで》…『と』…,…や…,および / 《数詞を結合して》…『足す』…,…に加えて / …『しかも』…,…して,同時に… / 《時間的に》『そして』,それから,すると(and then) / 《当然の帰結として》…『ので』,…だから(and so) / 《おもに話》《命令文などの後で》『そうすれば』,そうしたら / 《追加・強調して》それに,しかも / 《対照的な内容を導いて》ところが,しかし(but) / 《譲歩的に》それなのに,それでいながら / 《A and Bで一体の関係を表して》《単数扱い》 / 《同一語を反復して多数・継続などを表して》 / 《同一の複数名詞を結合して変化・種類などを表して》 / 《話》《「形容詞+and+形容詞」の形で前の形容詞が後に副詞的に働く》 / 《話》《「動詞come, goなど+and+動詞」の形でandとその後の動詞が不定詞の働きをして》 / 《「動詞+and+動詞」の形で後の動詞が現在分詞の意を表して》 / 《話》《文頭において前の質問・意見などに同意を示して》そうとも,そして(Yes!and) / 《話》《文頭に置いて驚き・疑念・非難などを表して》ほんとうに;…なのに
《随伴・協調》…『と』,と共に,といっしょに / 《所有・所持》…『を持っている』,がある,の付いた / 《道具・手段》…『で』,を使って / 《財料・供給物》…『で』,を与えて / …を支持して,に賛成して / …『に反対(敵対)して』,を相手として / …『と同時に』,と同様に / …『に比べて』,に比例して / 《様態》《名詞を伴い副詞句として》『…で』,を示して,をもって / 《付帯状競》…『して』,しながら / 《譲歩》…がありながら,にもかかわらず / 『…が原因で』,のために,…で / …に任せて,のもとにあずけて,のところに / …に関して,について / …から離れて / 《連結・混合》…と / 《副詞と共に命令文で》

UpToDate Contents

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1. 新生児脳症の病因および発症機序 etiology and pathogenesis of neonatal encephalopathy
2. 成人に生じる初回痙攣発作の評価とマネージメント evaluation and management of the first seizure in adults
3. 高齢者の痙攣発作とてんかん：病因、臨床症状、診断 seizures and epilepsy in older adults etiology clinical presentation and diagnosis
4. 新生児脳症の臨床的特徴、診断、および治療 clinical features diagnosis and treatment of neonatal encephalopathy
5. 成人における急性肝不全：マネージメントおよび予後 acute liver failure in adults management and prognosis

English Journal

Cytokine and chemokine responses in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with human herpesvirus 6B-associated acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion.

Kawamura Y, Yamazaki Y, Ohashi M, Ihira M, Yoshikawa T.Author information Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.AbstractAcute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion has become increasingly common among various types of human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) encephalitis at the time of primary viral infection. The aim of the present study is to explore the pathophysiology of HHV-6B-associated acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion. Five cytokines and five chemokines were measured in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from 12 HHV-6B-associated acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion patients and 19 control exanthem subitum (without complications) patients. Serum interleukin (IL)-10 (P = 0.007) and IL-8 (P = 0.025) were significantly higher in the patients with the disease than controls. Serum IL-1β (P = 0.034) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (P = 0.002) were significantly higher in the controls than patients with the disease. In patients with the disease, IL-10 (P = 0.012), regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES; P = 0.001), and monokine induced by interferon γ (MIG; P = 0.001) were significantly higher in serum than CSF, meanwhile IL-6 (P = 0.034), IL-8 (P = 0.034), and MCP-1 (P = 0.001) were significantly higher in CSF than serum. Additionally, serum IL-10 was significantly higher in the disease patients with sequelae than those without sequelae (P = 0.016). Several cytokines and chemokines may be associated with the pathogenesis of acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion. Moreover, the regulation of cytokine networks appears to be different between peripheral blood (systemic) and central nervous system. J. Med. Virol. 86:512-518, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Journal of medical virology.J Med Virol.2014 Mar;86(3):512-8. doi: 10.1002/jmv.23788. Epub 2013 Oct 16.
Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion has become increasingly common among various types of human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) encephalitis at the time of primary viral infection. The aim of the present study is to explore the pathophysiology of HHV-6B-associated acute en
PMID 24132547

Cyclosporine for acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion.

Watanabe Y, Motoi H, Oyama Y, Ichikawa K, Takeshita S, Mori M, Nezu A, Yokota S.Author information Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.AbstractBACKGROUND: Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) is the most common syndrome among acute encephalopathies, and is associated with a high incidence of neurologic sequelae. This study examined the efficacy of cyclosporine (CsA) for the treatment of AESD.
Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society.Pediatr Int.2014 Jan 13. doi: 10.1111/ped.12288. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) is the most common syndrome among acute encephalopathies, and is associated with a high incidence of neurologic sequelae. This study examined the efficacy of cyclosporine (CsA) for the treatment of AESD.METHODS
PMID 24418041

Two cases of traumatic head injury mimicking acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion.

Nishiyama M1, Fujita K1, Maruyama A1, Nagase H2.Author information 1Department of Neurology, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, Japan.2Department of Neurology, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, Japan. Electronic address: nagasehiroaki@msn.com.AbstractAcute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) presents a distinct clinical course of biphasic seizures and impaired consciousness. These symptoms are followed by reduced diffusion in the subcortical white matter on magnetic resonance imaging that is typically observed between 3 and 9days after illness onset. Here, we report two cases of traumatic head injury with clinical and radiological features similar to those for AESD. The similarities between our cases and AESD may be useful in understanding the pathogenesis of AESD.
Brain & development.Brain Dev.2014 Jan 7. pii: S0387-7604(13)00349-5. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2013.12.006. [Epub ahead of print]
Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) presents a distinct clinical course of biphasic seizures and impaired consciousness. These symptoms are followed by reduced diffusion in the subcortical white matter on magnetic resonance imaging that is typically observed
PMID 24411946