cross

• クロス、交雑種、横断する、通過する、交雑させる、交差する

関

crossbred、crossbreeding、crossing、crossing over、crosslink、crossreact、decussation、hybridization、hybridize、intersect、intersection、pass、pass through、passage、transect、transit、transversal、transverse

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. trace a line through or across; "cross your `t"
2. any affliction that causes great suffering; "that is his cross to bear"; "he bears his afflictions like a crown of thorns" (同)crown_of_thorns
3. a wooden structure consisting of an upright post with a transverse piece
4. extending or lying across; in a crosswise direction; at right angles to the long axis; "cross members should be all steel"; "from the transverse hall the stairway ascends gracefully"; "transversal vibrations"; "transverse colon" (同)transverse, transversal, thwartwise
5. to cover or extend over an area or time period; "Rivers traverse the valley floor", "The parking lot spans 3 acres"; "The novel spans three centuries" (同)traverse, span, sweep
6. fold so as to resemble a cross; "she crossed her legs"
7. meet and pass; "the trains crossed"
8. transfer to another; of rights or property; "Our house passed under his official control"
9. a bad or difficult situation or state of affairs (同)strait, straits
10. (military) a written leave of absence; "he had a pass for three days"
11. (American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate; "the coach sent in a passing play on third and long" (同)passing play, passing game, passing
12. (sports) the act of throwing the ball to another member of your team; "the pass was fumbled" (同)toss, flip
13. a flight or run by an aircraft over a target; "the plane turned to make a second pass"
14. a difficult juncture; "a pretty pass"; "matters came to a head yesterday" (同)head, straits
15. a document indicating permission to do something without restrictions; "the media representatives had special passes" (同)laissez passer
16. a permit to enter or leave a military installation; "he had to show his pass in order to get out" (同)liberty chit
17. the location in a range of mountains of a geological formation that is lower than the surrounding peaks; "we got through the pass before it started to snow" (同)mountain pass, notch
18. any authorization to pass or go somewhere; "the pass to visit had a strict time limit" (同)passport
19. a complimentary ticket; "the star got passes for his family"
20. one complete cycle of operations (as by a computer); "it was not possible to complete the computation in a single pass"
21. go unchallenged; be approved; "The bill cleared the House" (同)clear
22. go across or through; "We passed the point where the police car had parked"; "A terrible thought went through his mind" (同)go_through, go across
23. place into the hands or custody of; "hand me the spoon, please"; "Turn the files over to me, please"; "He turned over the prisoner to his lawyers" (同)hand, reach, pass_on, turn_over, give
24. go successfully through a test or a selection process; "She passed the new Jersey Bar Exam and can practice law now" (同)make it
25. cause to pass; "She passed around the plates" (同)make pass
26. travel past; "The sports car passed all the trucks" (同)overtake, overhaul
27. accept or judge as acceptable; "The teacher passed the student although he was weak"
28. allow to go without comment or censure; "the insult passed as if unnoticed"
29. throw (a ball) to another player; "Smith passed"
30. the act of passing something to another person (同)handing over
31. a bodily reaction of changing from one place or stage to another; "the passage of air from the lungs"; "the passing of flatus" (同)passing
32. a journey usually by ship; "the outward passage took 10 days" (同)transit
33. the act of passing from one state or place to the next (同)transition
34. a way through or along which someone or something may pass
35. a short section of a musical composition (同)musical passage
36. a path or channel or duct through or along which something may pass; "the nasal passages" (同)passageway
37. a section of text; particularly a section of medium length
38. revolve (the telescope of a surveying transit) about its horizontal transverse axis in order to reverse its direction
39. make a passage or journey from one place to another; "The tourists moved through the town and bought up all the souvenirs;" "Some travelers pass through the desert" (同)pass_through, move through, pass across, pass_over
40. cause or enable to pass through; "The canal will transit hundreds of ships every day"
41. pass across (a sign or house of the zodiac) or pass across (the disk of a celestial body or the meridian of a place); "The comet will transit on September 11"
42. a point or set of points common to two or more geometric configurations
43. a junction where one street or road crosses another (同)crossroad, crossway, crossing, carrefour
44. the act of intersecting (as joining by causing your path to intersect your targets path)
45. a point where lines intersect (同)intersection point, point of intersection
46. the set of elements common to two or more sets; "the set of red hats is the intersection of the set of hats and the set of red things" (同)product, Cartesian product
47. (genetics) the act of mixing different species or varieties of animals or plants and thus to produce hybrids (同)hybridisation, crossbreeding, crossing, cross, interbreeding, hybridizing
48. a long race run over open country
49. a cross with three crossbars
50. a path (often marked) where something (as a street or railroad) can be crossed to get from one side to the other (同)crosswalk, crossover
51. a voyage across a body of water (usually across the Atlantic Ocean)
52. traveling across
53. a point where two lines (paths or arcs etc.) intersect
54. placed crosswise; "spoken with a straight face but crossed fingers"; "crossed forks"; "seated with arms across"
55. (of a check) marked for deposit only as indicated by having two lines drawn across it
56. a representation of the structure on which Jesus was crucified; used as an emblem of Christianity or in heraldry

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉(昔,罪人のはりつけの刑に用いた)『十字架』 / 《the C-》キリストがはりつけになった十字架;キリスト教の象徴としての十字架 / 〈C〉十字(キリスト教徒が右手で切る) / 〈C〉イエスのために耐える苦しみ,受難 / 〈C〉十字架像;(紋章などの)十字形 / 〈C〉キリスト教信仰;《集合的に》キリスト教徒 / 〈C〉十字記号(crisscross)(+または×) / 〈C〉《修飾語を伴って》十字勲章 / 《『the Cross』》南十字星(the Southern Cross) / 〈C〉(動物・植物の)(…間の)異種交配;雑種《+『between』+『名』+『and』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(ボクシングの)クロスパンチ / (信仰のしるしとして)〈人・自分〉‘に'『十字を切る』 / …'を'『交差させる』(『する』) / …‘に'『交差させて線を引く』;《英》〈小切手〉‘に'線引きする;…'を'横線(×印)をつけて消す《+『名』+『out』(『off』),+『out』(『off』)+『名』》 / …'を'『横切る』,横断する,渡る / 〈心〉'を'よぎる,‘に'ふと浮かぶ / …‘と'すれ違う,行き違う / …'を'妨げる,‘の'じゃまをする / …'を'交配する / 『交差する』,交わる / (…へ)『横切る』,渡る《+『over to』+『名』》 / すれ違いになる / 〈動物・植物が〉交配する,雑種になる / おこりっぽい,ふきげんな / (風が)反対の / 十文字に交差した,横切った
2. 『通り過ぎる』,通る / 〈時間が〉『過ぎる』,過ぎ去る / 〈交通機関・道などが〉通っている / 消え去る,なくなる:《遠回しに》死ぬ / (障害・試験などで)『通過する』,『合格する』 / 〈法案などが〉通過する,可決される / 〈事が〉起こる / 移る,変わる / 〈言葉などが〉交わされる,やりとりされる / (…として)通用する《+『as』(『for』)+『名』》 / (球技で)パスする / (カードゲームで)パスする,自分の番を見送る / …‘を'『通り過ぎる』,‘の'そばを通る / 〈試験など〉‘に'『合格する』;〈人〉‘を'『合格させる』 / …‘を'『手渡す』,回す;…‘を'伝える / …‘を'『通過させる』,動かす / 〈ある点・程度など〉‘を'『越える』;〈歩行者・車など〉‘を'『追い抜く』 / 〈時〉‘を'『過ごす』;…‘を'経験する / 〈法案など〉‘を'『通す』;〈法案などが〉〈議会など〉‘を'通過する / (…に対して)〈判決・批評など〉‘を'下す,述べる《+『名』+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》 / 〈ボール・パック〉‘を'味方の選手に送る,パスする / 出入許可[証];無料入場券;(鉄道などの)[フリー]パス / (試験の)合格,及第 / 山道,峠;細道,抜け道 / 《話》《a~》困った状況,危機 / (奇術・ふき掃除などの)手の動き,手つき / (球技で)送球,パス;(野球で)四球による出塁 / (カードゲームで)パス
3. 〈C〉(文章・演説の一つの)『節』,句 / 〈C〉楽節,楽句,パッセージ / 〈C〉通路;細道 / 〈C〉《おもに英》廊下;ロビー(《米》hall) / 〈U〉(…が)『通過すること』;通行の権利(許可,自由)《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(特に,海・空の)『旅』 / 〈U〉乗客となる権利 / 〈U〉(事の)経過,推移,(時の)経過《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(議案の)通過,可決,成立
4. 通過,通行 / (…の)輸送,運搬《+of+名》 / 天体が子午線を横切ること,(小天体が)他の天体を横切ること / 〈天体が〉〈太陽面〉‘を'通過する
5. 〈C〉(特に道路の)交差点 / 〈U〉交差
6. しゃれこうべと十字骨(海賊の旗印,または毒薬びんの印)
7. 横断,横切ること;渡航 / 交差点,十字路;踏切,《英》横断歩道(《米》crosswalk),(河川・水路の)横断場所 / 異種交配(crossbreeding)
8. (十字形に)交差した / 十字を引いてある,線引きの

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/31 00:44:31」(JST)

wiki ja

[Wiki ja表示]

CROSS（クロス）

• CROSS (映画) - 2001年公開の、日本の映画。監督：大森美香、主演：金子統昭。
• CROSS (アダルトビデオ) - 2005年設立の、日本のアダルトビデオメーカー。
• Cross〜never say die〜 - 2002年発表の、日本の音楽ユニットEXILEの5thシングル。

関連項目

• クロス

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wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For information on the Christian symbol, see Christian cross. For other uses, see Cross (disambiguation).

A Greek cross (all arms of equal length) above a saltire, a cross whose limbs are slanted

A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two lines or bars perpendicular to each other, dividing one or two of the lines in half. The lines usually run vertically and horizontally; if they run obliquely, the design is technically termed a saltire, although the arms of a saltire need not meet at right angles.

The cross is one of the most ancient human symbols, and has been used by many religions, most notably Christianity. It may be seen as a division of the world into four elements (Chevalier, 1997) or cardinal points, or alternately as the union of the concepts of divinity, the vertical line, and the world, the horizontal line (Koch, 1955).

Etymology

The word cross comes ultimately from Latin crux, a Roman torture device used for crucifixion, via Old Irish cros. The word was introduced to English in the 10th century as the term for the instrument of the torturous execution of Jesus as described in the New Testament, gradually replacing the earlier word rood. Crux is possibly derived from Phoenician. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia cross does not come from crux but form the Latin curio, "to torment".

History

Cross Hieroglyphics carved on the tomb of the vizier Ankhamahor

A famous Armenian khachkar at Goshavank.

Due to the simplicity of the design (two crossing lines), cross-shaped incisions make their appearance from deep prehistory; as petroglyphs in European cult caves, dating back to the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic, and throughout prehistory to the Iron Age.

Prior to 2000 B.C. the cross symbol, †, was already in use in ancient alphabets (Paleo-Hebrew [✗], Canaanite, Phoenician) as the letter 'Tau' ('Taw'/'Tav') which corresponds to the modern letter 'T' and meant 'Mark' (Its literal usage in the Torah denotes a wound). It is probably derived from two sticks crossed to mark a place similar to the Egyptian hieroglyph.

Use of the cross as a Christian symbol may be as early as the 1st century, and is certain for the 3rd century. A wide variation of cross symbols is introduced for the purposes of heraldry beginning in the age of the Crusades.

The earliest depiction of the cross as a Christian symbol may be as early as 200 A.D. when it was used to mock the faith in the Alexamenos graffito.

As markings

1600 BC marble sacral cross from the Temple Repositories of Knossos.

(Heraclion Archaeological Museum, Greece)

Written crosses are used for many different purposes, particularly in mathematics.

• The addition (or plus) sign (+) and the multiplication (or times) sign (×) are cross shapes.
• A cross is often used as a check mark because it can be clearer, easier to create with an ordinary pen or pencil, and less obscuring of any text or image that is already present than a large dot. It also allows marking a position more accurately than a large dot.
• The Chinese character for ten is 十 (see Chinese numerals).
• The dagger or obelus (†) is a cross
• The Georgian letters ქ and ჯ are crosses.
• In the Latin alphabet, the letter X and the minuscule form of t are crosses.
• The Roman numeral for ten is X.
• A large cross through a text often means that it is wrong or should be considered deleted. A cross is also used stand-alone (✗) to denote rejection.

Cross-like emblems

For variants of the Christian cross symbol, see Christian cross variants and Crosses in heraldry.

Crosses as emblems and symbols

Picture	Cross name	Description
	Ankh	Also known as the Egyptian Cross, the Key of the Nile, the Looped Tau Cross, and the Ansate Cross. It was an Ancient Egyptian symbol of life and fertility, pre-dating the modern cross. Sometimes given a Latin name if it appears in specifically Christian contexts, such as the crux ansata ("handled cross").
	ndj, Cross-ndj (hieroglyph)	An Egyptian Cross, pre-dating the modern cross. Uses for the hieroglyph: 1— "to protect, guard, avenge", and "protector, advocate, avenger" 2— "homage to thee", (a form of salutation to gods) 3— "discuss a matter with someone", "to converse", "to take counsel"
	crossed-sticks	Hieroglyph of two crossed sticks.
	Basque cross	The lauburu.
#	Double Cross	Used by doctors and veterinarians as an introduction on medical prescriptions in Denmark and Norway. It is read "in nomine Dei" and followed by "rp": recipe
	the Sun cross (or "Bolgar cross")	Also known as the Bolgar cross, Sunwheel, solar cross or Woden's cross. Used in Europe since the Neolithic era and by ancient and contemporary Native American culture to represent respectively Neopagan beliefs and the great Medicine Wheel of life. Was used by the Bulgarian Tzars (emperors) as a symbol of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church.
	Swastika	The swastika is an equilateral cross with its arms bent at right angles, in either right-facing (卐) form or its mirrored left-facing (卍) form. The fylfot is a similar version. Archaeological evidence of swastika-shaped ornaments dates from the Neolithic period. It occurs mainly in the modern day culture of India, sometimes as a geometrical motif and sometimes as a religious symbol. It remains widely used in Eastern and Dharmic religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. Though once commonly used all over much of the world without stigma, because of its right-facing variant's iconic usage in National Socialist Germany, the symbol has become stigmatized in the Western world.

As a design element

Picture	Cross name	Description
	Compass rose	A compass rose, sometimes called a windrose, is a figure on a compass, map, nautical chart or monument used to display the orientation of the cardinal directions and often appears as a cross tapering to triangular points.
	Crossed keys	Symbol of the Papacy used in various emblems representing the keys to heaven.
	Crossed swords	The crossed swords symbol (⚔ at Unicode U+2694) is used to represent battlegrounds on maps. It is also used to show that person died in battle or that a war machine was lost in action. Two crossed swords also look like a Christian cross and the mixed symbolism has been used in military decorations. It is also a popular way to display swords on a wall often with a shield in the center
	Dagger/Obelisk	A typographical symbol or glyph. The term "obelisk" derives from Greek ὀβελίσκος (obeliskos), which means "little obelus"; from Ancient Greek: ὀβελός (obelos) meaning "roasting spit". It was originally represented by the ÷ symbol and was first used by Ancient Greek scholars as critical marks in manuscripts.
	Four-leaf clover	Used as a symbol for luck as well as a stand in for a cross in various works.
	Isometric illusion	Crosses frame this cube that appears to be hollow or solid and projected either inward or outward. A similar design was photographed in a crop circle. This design can be made by repeating the central hexagon outward once on all 6 sides then erasing some inner line segments and filling in the voids.
	Skull and crossbones	Traditionally used to mark Spanish cemeteries; the symbol evolved to represent death/danger, poison, and pirates.

Other noteworthy crosses

Crux, or the Southern Cross, is a cross-shaped constellation in the Southern Hemisphere. It appears on the national flags of Australia, Brazil, New Zealand, Niue, Papua New Guinea and Samoa.

The tallest cross, at 152.4 metres high, is part of Francisco Franco's monumental "Valley of the Fallen", the Monumento Nacional de Santa Cruz del Valle de los Caidos in Spain.

A cross at the junction of Interstates 57 and 70 in Effingham, Illinois, is purportedly the tallest in the United States, at 198 feet (60.3 m) tall.

The tallest freestanding cross in the United States is located in Saint Augustine, FL and stands 208 feet.

The tombs at Naqsh-e Rustam, Iran, made in the 5th century BC, are carved into the cliffside in the shape of a cross. They are known as the "Persian crosses".

As physical gestures

Cross shapes are made by a variety of physical gestures. Crossing the fingers of one hand is a common invocation of the symbol. The sign of the cross associated with Christian genuflection is made with one hand: in Eastern Orthodox tradition the sequence is head-heart-right shoulder-left shoulder, while in Oriental Orthodox, Catholic and Anglican tradition the sequence is head-heart-left-right. Crossing the index fingers of both hands represents the number 10 in Chinese-speaking societies and a charm against evil in European folklore (hence its frequent appearance in vampire movies). Other gestures involving more than one hand include the "cross my heart" movement associated with making a promise and the Tau shape of the referee's "time out" hand signal.

See also

• Astrological symbols -the cross symbolically represents matter in many of these glyphs.
• Astronomical symbols -the crossmark may have been added to Christianize pagan god symbols.
• Cleché
• Cross-ndj (hieroglyph)
• Cross and Crown
• Cross burning
• Cross necklace
• Crossbuck
• Crossroads (mythology)

References

Notes

Sources

• Chevalier, Jean (1997). The Penguin Dictionary of Symbols. Penguin ISBN 0-14-051254-3.
• Drury, Nevill (1985). Dictionary of Mysticism and the Occult. Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-062093-5.
• Koch, Rudolf (1955). The Book of Signs. Dover, NY. ISBN 0-486-20162-7.
• Webber, F. R. (1927, rev. 1938). Church Symbolism: an explanation of the more important symbols of the Old and New Testament, the primitive, the mediaeval and the modern church. Cleveland, OH. OCLC 236708.

External links

• Seiyaku.com, all Crosses - probably the largest collection on the Internet
• Lutheransonline.com, variations of Crosses—images and meanings
• Cross & Crucifix - Glossary: Forms and Topics
• Nasrani.net, Indian Cross
• Freetattoodesigns.org, The Cross in Tattoo Art
• The Christian Cross of Jesus Christ: Symbols of Christianity, Images, Designs and representations of it as objects of devotion

UpToDate Contents

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Related Links

• クロス・オブ・ジャパン Welcome to Cross of Japan

CROSS 170年の変遷をたどる 1846 年、CROSS はリチャード・クロス一家によりロードアイランド州・プロビデンスで創業。2016 年、米国最古の筆記具メーカーとして創業170 周年を迎えました。CROSSが今日、世界140か国で展開する筆記具 ...

• クロス CROSS ボールペン、万年筆のプレゼント、ギフト用名入れ ...

肩肘張らない大人の為の高級ボールペン筆記具クロス＜CROSS＞。専門店ですので名入彫刻もメーカー指定工場と提携しており安心です。プレゼント向け専用ラッピング付。5000円以上の商品お買い上げで名入れも無料。

• CROSS ボールペン｜クロス ボールペン 【通販】

CROSS クロスの高級ボールペン等を機構上永久保証付きで販売。タウンゼント・センチュリーボールペンや万年筆を始め、世界の筆記具ペンハウスは一流品を取り扱う【日本最大級文具通販サイト】。名入れ・替え芯・送料無料等 ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「交雑」「transect」「hybridization」「transit」「pass」
拡張検索	「cross-sectional」「cross-hybridization」「crossreactivity」「cross-reactivity」
関連記事	「crossing」「crossed」

「交雑」

　　[★]

英

crossbreeding、crossing、hybridization、crossbred、cross、hybridize

関

横断、クロス、交差、交差性、交雑種、雑種、雑種形成、通過、ハイブリ、ハイブリダイズ、ハイブリダイゼーション、ハイブリッド形成、ハイブリッド形成法、混成、交叉性、ハイブリダイゼーション法

「transect」

　　[★]

• 横切する、横断する、切除する、横切開する

関

ablate、ablation、ablative、cross、crossing、excise、excision、excisional、extirpation、horizontal incision、resect、resection、resective、transection、transversal、transverse、transverse incision

　

「hybridization」

　　[★]

• n.

• ハイブリダイゼーション、ハイブリダイゼーション法、ハイブリッド形成法、(細胞や動物個体の)交雑、雑種形成、(化学)混成

関

cross、crossbred、crossbreeding、crossing、hybrid、hybridisation、hybridize、interbreed

　

「transit」

　　[★]

• n.

• 移行、通過、遷移、トランジット

• v.

• 通過する、移行する

関

cross、entry、immigration、pass、pass through、passage、shift、succession、transfer、transition、transitional、translocation、travel

　 　 　 　 　

「pass」

　　[★]

• n.

• 流路、通過、通過する、通す、経過する

関

course、cross、elapse、flow pass、lapse、pass through、passage、thread、transit

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「cross-sectional」

　　[★]

• 横断面の

関

axial section、cross section、cross-section、transection、transverse section

　

「cross-hybridization」

　　[★]

• クロスハイブリダイゼーション、交差ハイブリッド形成、クロスハイブリ

「crossreactivity」

　　[★]

• 交差反応性

関

cross-reactive、cross-reactivity、crossreactive

「cross-reactivity」

　　[★]

• 交差反応性

関

cross-reactive、crossreactive、crossreactivity

「crossing」

　　[★]

• 横断、交雑、交差性の、交叉性の

関

cross、crossbred、crossbreeding、crossed、hybridization、hybridize、transect、transversal、transverse

　 　 　 　 　

「crossed」

　　[★]

• 交差性の、交叉性の

関

crossing