ablate

• vt.vi.

• (～を)切除(融除、溶除、溶発、浸食)する

関

ablation、ablative、amputate、amputation、break、breakage、cleavage、cleave、excise、excision、excisional、extirpation、resect、resection、resective、scission、sever、transect、transection、truncate、truncation

　 　 　

WordNet

1. remove an organ or bodily structure
2. wear away through erosion or vaporization
3. prevent completion; "stop the project"; "break off the negotiations" (同)break off, discontinue, stop
4. happen; "Report the news as it develops"; "These political movements recrudesce from time to time" (同)recrudesce, develop
5. become separated into pieces or fragments; "The figurine broke"; "The freshly baked loaf fell apart" (同)separate, split up, fall_apart, come apart
6. be broken in; "If the new teacher wont break, well add some stress"
7. crack; of the male voice in puberty; "his voice is breaking--he should no longer sing in the choir"
8. destroy the integrity of; usually by force; cause to separate into pieces or fragments; "He broke the glass plate"; "She broke the match"
9. diminish or discontinue abruptly; "The patients fever broke last night"
10. fall sharply; "stock prices broke"
11. render inoperable or ineffective; "You broke the alarm clock when you took it apart!"
12. weaken or destroy in spirit or body; "His resistance was broken"; "a man broken by the terrible experience of near-death"
13. vary or interrupt a uniformity or continuity; "The flat plain was broken by tall mesas"
14. (tennis) a score consisting of winning a game when your opponent was serving; "he was up two breaks in the second set" (同)break of serve
15. an escape from jail; "the breakout was carefully planned" (同)breakout, jailbreak, gaolbreak, prisonbreak, prison-breaking
16. an act of delaying or interrupting the continuity; "it was presented without commercial breaks"; "there was a gap in his account" (同)interruption, disruption, gap
17. a sudden dash; "he made a break for the open door"
18. the opening shot that scatters the balls in billiards or pool
19. an unexpected piece of good luck; "he finally got his big break" (同)good_luck, happy chance
20. an abrupt change in the tone or register of the voice (as at puberty or due to emotion); "then there was a break in her voice"
21. the occurrence of breaking; "the break in the dam threatened the valley"
22. interrupt a continued activity; "She had broken with the traditional patterns" (同)break away
23. break a piece from a whole; "break a branch from a tree" (同)break off, snap off
24. move away or escape suddenly; "The horses broke from the stable"; "Three inmates broke jail"; "Nobody can break out--this prison is high security" (同)break_out, break away
25. destroy the completeness of a set of related items; "The book dealer would not break the set" (同)break_up
26. force out or release suddenly and often violently something pent up; "break into tears"; "erupt in anger" (同)burst, erupt
27. ruin completely; "He busted my radio!" (同)bust
28. be released or become known; of news; "News of her death broke in the morning" (同)get_out, get_around
29. go to pieces; "The lawn mower finally broke"; "The gears wore out"; "The old chair finally fell apart completely" (同)wear, wear_out, bust, fall_apart
30. become punctured or penetrated; "The skin broke"
31. cause the failure or ruin of; "His peccadilloes finally broke his marriage"; "This play will either make or break the playwright"
32. cause to give up a habit; "She finally broke herself of smoking cigarettes"
33. change directions suddenly
34. change suddenly from one tone quality or register to another; "Her voice broke to a whisper when she started to talk about her children"
35. come forth or begin from a state of latency; "The first winter storm broke over New York"
36. come into being; "light broke over the horizon"; "Voices broke in the air"
37. come to an end; "The heat wave finally broke yesterday"
38. curl over and fall apart in surf or foam, of waves; "The surf broke"
39. emerge from the surface of a body of water; "The whales broke"
40. exchange for smaller units of money; "I had to break a $100 bill just to buy the candy"
41. find a flaw in; "break an alibi"; "break down a proof"
42. find the solution or key to; "break the code"
43. give up; "break cigarette smoking"
44. happen or take place; "Things have been breaking pretty well for us in the past few months"
45. interrupt the flow of current in; "break a circuit"
46. invalidate by judicial action; "The will was broken"
47. make a rupture in the ranks of the enemy or ones own by quitting or fleeing; "The ranks broke"
48. make the opening shot that scatters the balls
49. pierce or penetrate; "The blade broke her skin"
50. scatter or part; "The clouds broke after the heavy downpour"
51. separate from a clinch, in boxing; "The referee broke the boxers"
52. undergo breaking; "The simple vowels broke in many Germanic languages"
53. replace a corner by a plane
54. make shorter as if by cutting off; "truncate a word"; "Erosion has truncated the ridges of the mountains" (同)cut_short
55. terminating abruptly by having or as if having an end or point cut off; "a truncate leaf"; "truncated volcanic mountains"; "a truncated pyramid" (同)truncated
56. approximate by ignoring all terms beyond a chosen one; "truncate a series"
57. make by cutting into; "The water is going to cleave a channel into the rock"
58. separate or cut with a tool, such as a sharp instrument; "cleave the bone" (同)split, rive
59. surgical removal of a body part or tissue (同)extirpation, cutting out, excision
60. the erosive process that reduces the size of glaciers
61. remove by cutting; "The surgeon excised the tumor"
62. a tax that is measured by the amount of business done (not on property or income from real estate) (同)excise tax
63. levy an excise tax on
64. made smaller or less by melting or erosion or vaporization; "the rockets ablated head shield"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (手術・溶解・腐食などで)…'を'除去する / 除去される
2. …'を'『壊す』,割る,砕く;…'を'折る / …'を'擦りむく / …'を'『役に立たなくする』,壊す / (小さな物に)〈組になった物〉'を'分ける,ばらす,〈お金〉'を'くずす《+『名』+『into』+『名』》 / 〈垣・へいなど〉'を'破って出る / 〈法律・規則・約束など〉'を'『破る』,犯す / 〈均整・秩序・配列など〉'を'破る,くずす;〈持続しているもの〉'を'中止する,妨げる / 〈記録〉'を'破る,更新する / (…に)…'を'打ち明ける,知らせる《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / …'を'破産させる,倒産させる / 〈気力・抵抗など〉'を'くじく;〈力・効果・強度〉'を'弱める / (…に)…‘の'位を下げる,…'を'降等させる《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / 〈動物〉'を'ならす / 〈人〉‘の'(…の)癖を直す《+『名』〈人〉+『of』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈暗号など〉'を'解読する;〈事件・問題など〉を解決する,解く / 《しばしば副詞[句]を伴って》『壊れる』,砕ける,割れる;破れる,破裂する / ぷっつりと切れる;中断する,途切れる;《米》仕事を中断する / はずれる,離れる,分離する《+『off』(『away』)》 / 故障する,壊れる,動かなくなる / 突然始まる;突然変化する / 夜が明ける / 〈健康・気力などが〉衰える,弱る;〈心が〉悲しみに打ちひしがれる / 〈株・価格などが〉急落する,暴落する / 壊れた箇所,裂け目,割れ目 / 中断,途切れ;不和,仲たがい / 休憩時間,小休止 / 逃亡計画,脱獄 / (…に向かっての)突進 / 急な変化,顕著な変化 / 夜明け / 《話》運,機会
3. 〈円錐・樹木など〉‘の'頭(端)を切る / 〈文章など〉‘を'切って詰める / 切り取られた / (生物の形態が)切形の(先端を切り取ったような形をしていること)
4. …'を'まっぷたつに割る,裂く / 〈人垣・やぶ・波など〉'を'かき分けて突き進む;〈道〉を'を'切り開く / (木目などに沿って)割れる,裂ける / 切り分けて突き進む
5. 〈物が〉(…に)くっつく,固着する《+『to』+『名』》 / 《文》《古》(…への)忠誠を守る,(…を)固守する《+『to』+『名』》
6. 切除,除去;融除 / 溶発(ロケットの先端が大気圏突入で溶解すること)
7. (酒・たばこなどの)物品税,国内消費税
8. (体などから)〈できたものなど〉‘を'切り取る《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / (原文から)〈文章など〉‘を'削除する《+『名』+『from』+『名』》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/20 22:45:38」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Not to be confused with oblation or ablution (disambiguation).

Ablation is removal of material from the surface of an object by vaporization, chipping, or other erosive processes. Examples of ablative materials are described below, and include spacecraft material for ascent and atmospheric reentry, ice and snow in glaciology, biological tissues in medicine and passive fire protection materials.

Ablation near the electrode in a flashtube. The high-energy electrical arc slowly erodes the glass, leaving a frosted appearance.

Biology

Biological ablation is the removal of a biological structure or functionality.

Genetic ablation is another term for gene silencing, in which gene expression is abolished through the alteration or deletion of genetic sequence information. In cell ablation, individual cells in a population or culture are destroyed or removed. Both can be used as experimental tools, as in loss-of-function experiments.

Glaciology

In glaciology and meteorology, ablation—the opposite of accumulation—refers to all processes that remove snow, ice, or water from a glacier or snowfield. Ablation refers to the melting of snow or ice that runs off the glacier, evaporation, sublimation, calving, or erosive removal of snow by wind. Air temperature is typically the dominant control of ablation, with precipitation exercising secondary control. In a temperate climate during ablation season, ablation rates typically average around 2 mm/h. Where solar radiation is the dominant cause of snow ablation (e.g., if air temperatures are low under clear skies), characteristic ablation textures such as suncups and penitentes may develop on the snow surface.

Ablation can refer either to the processes removing ice and snow or to the quantity of ice and snow removed.

Laser ablation

Main article: laser ablation

An Nd:YAG laser drills a hole through a block of nitrile. The intense burst of infrared radiation ablates the highly absorbing rubber, releasing an eruption of plasma.

Laser ablation is greatly affected by the nature of the material and its ability to absorb energy, therefore the wavelength of the ablation laser should have a minimum absorption depth. While these lasers can average a low power, they can offer peak intensity and fluence given by:

while the peak power is

Surface ablation of the cornea for several types of eye refractive surgery is now common, using an excimer laser system (LASIK and LASEK). Since the cornea does not grow back, laser is used to remodel the cornea refractive properties to correct refraction errors, such as astigmatism, myopia, and hyperopia. Laser ablation is also used to remove part of the uterine wall in women with menstruation and adenomyosis problems in a process called endometrial ablation.

Recently, researchers have demonstrated a successful technique for ablating subsurface tumors with minimal thermal damage to surrounding healthy tissue, by using a focused laser beam from an ultra-short pulse diode laser source.

Marine surface coatings

Antifouling paints and other related coatings are routinely used to prevent the buildup of microorganisms and other animals, such as barnacles for the bottom hull surfaces of recreational, commercial and military sea vessels. Ablative paints are often utilized for this purpose to prevent the dilution or deactivation of the antifouling agent. Over time, the paint will slowly decompose in the water, exposing fresh antifouling compounds on the surface. Engineering the antifouling agents and the ablation rate can produce long-lived protection from the deleterious effects of biofouling.

Medicine

In medicine, ablation is the same as removal of a part of biological tissue, usually by surgery. Surface ablation of the skin (dermabrasion, also called resurfacing because it induces regeneration) can be carried out by chemicals (which cause peeling) or by lasers. Its purpose is to remove skin spots, aged skin, wrinkles, thus rejuvenating it. Surface ablation is also employed in otolaryngology for several kinds of surgery, such as for snoring. Ablation therapy using radio frequency waves on the heart is used to cure a variety of cardiac arrhythmiae such as supraventricular tachycardia, Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome (WPW), ventricular tachycardia, and more recently as management of atrial fibrillation. The term is often used in the context of laser ablation, a process in which a laser dissolves a material's molecular bonds. For a laser to ablate tissues, the power density or fluence must be high, otherwise thermocoagulation occurs, which is simply thermal vaporization of the tissues.

Rotoablation is a type of arterial cleansing that consists of inserting a tiny, diamond-tipped, drill-like device into the affected artery to remove fatty deposits or plaque. The procedure is used in the treatment of coronary heart disease to restore blood flow.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a method of removing aberrant tissue from within the body via minimally invasive procedures. I.e., RFA in an electrophysiology study to remove cells that are issuing abnormal electrical activity leading to arrhythmia.

Bone marrow ablation is a process whereby the human bone marrow cells are eliminated in preparation for a bone marrow transplant. This is performed using high-intensity chemotherapy and total body irradiation. As such, it has nothing to do with the vaporization techniques described in the rest of this article.

Ablation of brain tissue is used for treating certain neurological disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease, and sometimes for psychiatric disorders as well.

Recently, some researchers reported successful results with genetic ablation. In particular, genetic ablation is potentially a much more efficient method of removing unwanted cells, such as tumor cells, because large numbers of animals lacking specific cells could be generated. Genetically ablated lines can be maintained for a prolonged period of time and shared within the research community. Researchers at Columbia University report of reconstituted caspases combined from C. elegans and humans, which maintain a high degree of target specificity. The genetic ablation techniques described could prove useful in battling cancer.

Passive fire protection

Firestopping and fireproofing products can be ablative in nature. This can mean endothermic materials, or merely materials that are sacrificial and become "spent" over time while exposed to fire, such as silicone firestop products. Given sufficient time under fire or heat conditions, these products char away, crumble, and disappear. The idea is to put enough of this material in the way of the fire that a level of fire-resistance rating can be maintained, as demonstrated in a fire test. Ablative materials usually have a large concentration of organic matter that is reduced by fire to ashes. In the case of silicone, organic rubber surrounds very finely divided silica dust (up to 380 m² of combined surface area of all the dust particles per gram of this dust). When the organic rubber is exposed to fire, it burns to ash and leaves behind the silica dust with which the product started.

Spaceflight

Main article: atmospheric reentry § Ablative

In spacecraft design, ablation is used to both cool and protect mechanical parts and/or payloads that would otherwise be damaged by extremely high temperatures. Two principal applications are heat shields for spacecraft entering a planetary atmosphere from space and cooling of rocket engine nozzles. Examples include the Apollo Command Module that protected astronauts from the heat of atmospheric reentry and the Kestrel second stage rocket engine designed for exclusive use in an environment of space vacuum since no heat convection is possible.

In a basic sense, ablative material is designed to slowly burn away in a controlled manner, so that heat can be carried away from the spacecraft by the gases generated by the ablative process while the remaining solid material insulates the craft from superheated gases. There is an entire branch of spaceflight research involving the search for new fireproofing materials to achieve the best ablative performance; this function is critical to protect the spacecraft occupants and payload from otherwise excessive heat loading. The same technology is used in some passive fire protection applications, in some cases by the same vendors, who offer different versions of these fireproofing products, some for aerospace and some for structural fire protection.

See also

• Ablative armor
• Sons of Anarchy (season 5) episode 8: "Ablation"

References

External links

• Chemical Peeling. American Society for Dermatological Surgery.
• Heart Arrhythmias Respond to Ablation UCLA Healthcare
• Lasik Laser Eye Surgery. USA Food an Drugs Administration info.
• Physical Modalities, Including Laser. eMedicine index of articles on the subject.
• Physics of laser ablation

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 下肢慢性静脈疾患治療のための血管内レーザー治療 endovenous laser ablation for the treatment of lower extremity chronic venous disease
• 2. 子宮内膜アブレーションまたは切除術：切除用内視鏡手技 endometrial ablation or resection resectoscopic techniques
• 3. 医療用レーザーの基本原則 basic principles of medical lasers
• 4. 子宮頸部上皮内腫瘍：アブレーション治療 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ablative therapies
• 5. 前立腺癌の初回治療における凍結療法およびその他のアブレーション治療 cryotherapy and other ablative techniques for the initial treatment of prostate cancer

English Journal

• Laser ablation sample transfer for mass spectrometry imaging.

• Park SG1, Murray KK.
• Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2015;1203:129-39. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1357-2_13.
• Infrared laser ablation sample transfer (IR-LAST) is a novel ambient sampling technique for mass spectrometry. In this technique, a pulsed mid-IR laser is used to ablate materials that are collected for mass spectrometry analysis; the material can be a solid sample or deposited on a sample target. A
• PMID 25361673

• Probing cell mechanics with subcellular laser dissection of actomyosin networks in the early developing Drosophila embryo.

• Rauzi M1, Lenne PF.
• Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2015;1189:209-18. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1164-6_14.
• Laser dissection is a useful tool in developmental biology to probe mechanical forces from the subcellular to the tissue/embryo scale. During tissue morphogenesis, cells are equipped with networks of actomyosin that generate forces. Here we present a technique based on near-infrared (NIR) femtosecon
• PMID 25245696

• Excess SMAD signaling contributes to heart and muscle dysfunction in muscular dystrophy.

• Goldstein JA1, Bogdanovich S1, Beiriger A2, Wren LM1, Rossi AE1, Gao QQ2, Gardner BB1, Earley JU1, Molkentin JD3, McNally EM4.
• Human molecular genetics.Hum Mol Genet.2014 Dec 20;23(25):6722-31. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddu390. Epub 2014 Jul 28.
• Disruption of the dystrophin complex causes muscle injury, dysfunction, cell death and fibrosis. Excess transforming growth factor (TGF) β signaling has been described in human muscular dystrophy and animal models, where it is thought to relate to the progressive fibrosis that characterizes dystrop
• PMID 25070948

• A multi-channel device for high-density target-selective stimulation and long-term monitoring of cells and subcellular features in C. elegans.

• Lee H1, Kim SA, Coakley S, Mugno P, Hammarlund M, Hilliard MA, Lu H.
• Lab on a chip.Lab Chip.2014 Dec 7;14(23):4513-22. doi: 10.1039/c4lc00789a. Epub 2014 Sep 26.
• Selective cell ablation can be used to identify neuronal functions in multicellular model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans. The optogenetic tool KillerRed facilitates selective ablation by enabling light-activated damage of cell or subcellular components in a temporally and spatially precise
• PMID 25257026

Japanese Journal

• Irradiation Experiments on a Mouse Using a Mild-Plasma Generator for Medical Applications

• SAKAKITA Hajime,IKEHARA Yuzuru
• Plasma and Fusion Research 5(0), S2117-S2117, 2010
• … Plasma technologies using an argon plasma coagulator have been used in endoscopic therapy to induce blood coagulation and ablate residual tumors. …
• NAID 130000669107

• Micromachining of Silica Glass Using EUV Radiation of Laser-Produced Plasma (特集 量子ビームによるナノバイオエレクトロニクス)

• Takahashi Akihiko,Torii Shuichi,Makimura Tetsuya,Murakami Kouichi,Okazaki Kota,Nakamura Daisuke,Okada Tatsuo,Niino Hiroyuki
• 電気学会論文誌Ｃ（電子・情報・システム部門誌） 130(10), 1779-1783, 2010
• … On the other hand, EUV radiation from the CO2-LPP did not ablate the silica glass. …
• NAID 130000415111

• G1301-1-1 単結晶ダイヤモンドのレーザ加工メカニズムに関する研究(生産加工・工作機械一般)

• 大村 悦二,原野 佳津子,綿谷 研一,江畑 惠司
• 年次大会講演論文集 : JSME annual meeting 2009(4), 209-210, 2009-09-12
• … On the other hand, if we assume single crystal diamond has the temperature dependence of absorption coefficient which is about equal to that of CVD diamond, the temperature rise is not enough to ablate the material. …
• NAID 110007861890

Related Links

• Ablate - definition of ablate by The Free Dictionary

Define ablate. ablate synonyms, ablate pronunciation, ablate translation, English dictionary definition of ablate. v. ab·lat·ed , ab·lat·ing , ab·lates v. tr. 1. Medicine To remove or destroy the function of . 2. To remove by erosion ? ...

• Ablate | Definition of Ablate by Merriam-Webster

Seen and Heard What made you want to look up ablate? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).

• ablateの意味 - goo辞書 英和和英

ablateとは。意味や和訳。[他動詞]1 …を(融解・蒸発・腐食・切除などによって)除去する，消散させるablate a metal surface with intense heat強い熱で金属の表面を融除する.2 〔航空宇宙〕 (外部保護材の融除により)〈宇宙船などを〉過熱から ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「break」「ablation」「transection」「切断」「切除」

「break」

　　[★]

• n.

• 中断

• v.

• (過去broke-過去分詞broken)
• 破壊する、壊す、破損する、切断する

関

ablate、ablation、abolish、abort、amputate、amputation、breakage、cleavage、cleave、damage、destroy、destruction、discontinuance、discontinuation、discontinue、discontinuity、dismantle、disrupt、disruptant、disruption、interrupt、interruption、lesion、rupture、scission、sever、subversion、subvert、transection、truncate、truncation

PHP

• for, while, foreach, switchからの脱出

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「ablation」

　　[★]

• n.

• 切除、切断、消失、アブレーション、焼灼、焼灼術
• (一部の)除去、(手術による)除去、切断
• (医)剥離

関

(vt.)ablate

ablate、ablative、amputate、amputation、break、breakage、cauterization、cauterize、cautery、cleavage、cleave、disappear、disappearance、elimination、excise、excision、excisional、extirpation、regress、resect、resection、resective、scission、sever、transect、transection、truncate、truncation

　 　 　

「transection」

　　[★]

• n.

• 切断、切除、離断、横切、横切開、横断面

関

ablate、ablation、ablative、amputate、amputation、axial section、break、breakage、cleavage、cleave、cross section、cross-section、cross-sectional、excise、excision、excisional、extirpation、horizontal incision、mutilation、resect、resection、resective、scission、sever、transect、transverse incision、transverse section、truncate、truncation

「切断」

　　[★]

英

cleavage、ablation、truncation、breakage、transection、amputation、scission、cleave、break、truncate、ablate、sever、amputate

関

横切、横切開、横断面、開裂、消失、切除、切断術、中断、破壊、破損、分割、卵割、離断、切り詰める、切り詰め、アブレーション、焼灼、トランケート、焼灼術、壊す

同

amputation

「切除」

　　[★]

英

• excision、resection、ablation、transection、extirpation、excise、ablate、resect、transect、excisional、ablative、resective

関

横切、横切開、横断、横断面、消失、切除術、切除法、切断、摘出、摘出術、摘除、摘除術、離断、アブレーション、切り取る、焼灼、焼灼術