basement membrane

基底膜

WordNet

1. the lowermost portion of a structure partly or wholly below ground level; often used for storage (同)cellar
2. the ground floor facade or interior in Renaissance architecture
3. a thin pliable sheet of material
4. a pliable sheet of tissue that covers or lines or connects the organs or cells of animals or plants (同)tissue layer

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. basal metabolism基礎代謝
2. 地階,地下室
3. (生物の)膜,皮膜

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/01/28 21:59:34」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Basement membrane
Illustration depicting basement membrane in relation to epithelium and endothelium. Also seen are other extracellular matrix components
Latin	membrana basalis
Code	TH H2.00.00.0.00005

The basement membrane is a thin sheet of fibers that underlies the epithelium, which lines the cavities and surfaces of organs including skin, or the endothelium, which lines the interior surface of blood vessels.

Composition

The basement membrane is the fusion of two lamina, the basal lamina and the reticular lamina (or lamina reticularis). The lamina reticularis is attached to the basal lamina with anchoring fibrils (type VII collagen fibers) and microfibrils (fibrillin). The two layers are collectively known as the basement membrane.

The basal lamina layer can further be divided into two layers. The clear layer closer to the epithelium is called the lamina lucida, while the dense layer closer to the connective tissue is called the lamina densa. The electron-dense lamina densa membrane is about 30–70 nanometers in thickness, and consists of an underlying network of reticular collagen (type IV) fibrils (fibroblast precursors) which average 30 nanometers in diameter and 0.1–2 micrometers in thickness. In addition to collagen, this supportive matrix contains intrinsic macromolecular components.

The Lamina Densa (which is made up of type IV collagen fibers; perlecan (a heparan sulfate proteoglycan) coats these fibers and they are high in heparan sulfate) and the Lamina Lucida (made up of laminin, integrins, entactins, and dystroglycans) together make up the basal lamina.

Integrins are not part of the basal lamina, they are part of desmosomes which are in the basement membrane but not the basal lamina. To represent the above in a visually organised manner, the basement membrane is organized as follows:

• Epithelial Tissue (outer)

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• Basement Membrane
  • Basal Lamina
    • Lamina Lucida
      • laminin
      • integrins
      • entactins
      • dystroglycans
    • Lamina Densa
      • Type IV collagen (coated with perlecan, rich in heparan sulfate)
  • Attaching proteins (between Basal and Reticular Laminae)
    • Type VII collagen (anchoring fibrils)
    • fibrillin (microfibrils)
  • Lamina Reticularis
    • Type III collagen

---

• Connective Tissue (inner)

Function and importance

The primary function of the basement membrane is to anchor down the epithelium to its loose connective tissue (the dermis) underneath. This is achieved by cell-matrix adhesions through substrate adhesion molecules (SAMs).

The basement membrane acts as a mechanical barrier, preventing malignant cells from invading the deeper tissues. Early stages of malignancy that are thus limited to the epithelial layer by the basement membrane are called carcinoma in situ.

The basement membrane is also essential for angiogenesis (development of new blood vessels). Basement membrane proteins have been found to accelerate differentiation of endothelial cells.

The most notable examples of basement membranes is in the glomerular filtration of the kidney, by the fusion of the basal lamina from the endothelium of glomerular capillaries and the basal lamina of the epithelium of the Bowman's capsule, and between lung alveoli and pulmonary capillaries, by the fusion of the basal lamina of the lung alveoli and of the basal lamina of the lung capillaries, which is where oxygen and CO₂ diffusion happens.

Diseases

Some diseases result from a poorly functioning basement membrane. The cause can be genetic defects, injuries by the body's own immune system, or other mechanisms.

Genetic defects in the collagen fibers of the basement membrane cause Alport syndrome.

Non-collagenous domain basement membrane collagen type IV is autoantigen (target antigen) of autoantibodies in the autoimmune disease Goodpasture's syndrome.

A group of diseases stemming from improper function of basement membrane zone are united under the name epidermolysis bullosa.

See also

• Intima

References

Further reading

• Kefalides, Nicholas A. & Borel, Jacques P., ed. (2005). Basement membranes: cell and molecular biology. Gulf Professional Publishing. ISBN 978-0-12-153356-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=RM-FVY47NEgC.

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 抗GBM抗体（グッドパスチャー）病の病因および診断 pathogenesis and diagnosis of anti gbm antibody goodpastures disease
• 2. 菲薄基底膜腎症（良性家族性血尿） thin basement membrane nephropathy benign familial hematuria
• 3. 糸球体の免疫障害の機序 mechanisms of immune injury of the glomerulus
• 4. 弧発性および持続性糸球体性血尿：IgA腎症、アルポート症候群、菲薄基底膜腎症 isolated and persistent glomerular hematuria iga alport thin basement membrane nephropathy
• 5. 抗GBM抗体病：移植後の再発 anti gbm antibody disease recurrence after transplantation

English Journal

• Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis: Early treatment is a must.

• Moroni G1, Ponticelli C2.
• Autoimmunity reviews.Autoimmun Rev.2014 Jul;13(7):723-729. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.02.007. Epub 2014 Mar 19.
• The term crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) refers to a pathologic condition characterized by extracapillary proliferation in >50% of glomeruli. Clinically crescentic GN is characterized by a nephritic syndrome rapidly progressing to end stage renal disease (ESRD). Three types of crescentic GN ha
• PMID 24657897

• Sorafenib resistance and JNK signaling in carcinoma during extracellular matrix stiffening.

• Nguyen TV1, Sleiman M1, Moriarty T1, Herrick WG1, Peyton SR2.
• Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2014 Jul;35(22):5749-59. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.058. Epub 2014 Apr 13.
• Tumor progression is coincident with mechanochemical changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM). We hypothesized that tumor stroma stiffening, alongside a shift in the ECM composition from a basement membrane-like microenvironment toward a dense network of collagen-rich fibers during tumorigenesis, c
• PMID 24726537

• Urinary peptidomics identifies potential biomarkers for major depressive disorder.

• Wang Y1, Chen J2, Chen L1, Zheng P1, Xu HB1, Lu J1, Zhong J1, Lei Y1, Zhou C1, Ma Q3, Li Y3, Xie P4.
• Psychiatry research.Psychiatry Res.2014 Jun 30;217(1-2):25-33. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.02.029. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
• Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating psychiatric illness with no available objective laboratory-based diagnostic test. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based peptidomics was applied to identify potential urinary d
• PMID 24661976

Japanese Journal

• In situ tissue engineering with synthetic self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffolds, PuraMatrix, for mucosal regeneration in the rat middle-ear

• Akiyama Notaro,Yamamoto-Fukuda Tomomi,Takahashi Haruo,Koji Takehiko
• International Journal of Nanomedicine 2013(8), 2629-2640, 2013-07-24
• … These cells retained normal morphology and function, as confirmed by histological examination, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy, and multiplied to form new epithelial and subepithelial layers together with basement membrane. …
• NAID 120005323699

• 〈Original Papers〉異種異所移植によるウシ精巣様構造の再構築と精子形成の誘導

• 喜多 章太,森木 甲子郎,谷口 俊仁,安齋 政幸,加藤 博己,佐伯 和弘,細井 美彦,三谷 匡
• Memoirs of Institute of Advanced Technology, Kinki University 18, 29-38, 2013-03
• … Basement Membrane Matrix（Matrigel）. … However, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that bovine germ cells failed to colonize along the basement membrane of reconstructed seminiferous tubules and to proliferate thereafter. …
• NAID 120005260089

• 分類学に基づいた動物学 : 海綿動物を例に,"海綿動物門第4の綱 : 同骨海綿綱" (JSSZ SYMPOSIUM 2012)

• 伊勢 優史
• タクサ : 日本動物分類学会誌 (34), 18-24, 2013-02-28
• NAID 40019630347

Related Links

• basement membraneの意味 - goo辞書 英和和英

basement membraneとは。意味や和訳。〔細胞〕 基底膜：上皮組織の下の境界面にある薄い細胞外の膜状構造.[語源]1847 - 80万項目以上収録、例文・コロケーションが豊富な無料英和和英辞典。

• Basement Membranes: Cell Scaffoldings and Signaling Platforms

BASEMENT MEMBRANE SELF-ASSEMBLY AND RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS Basement membranes have been deduced to assemble (Fig. 2) through a multistep process that is substantially mass action-driven (self-assembly ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「基底膜」「細胞外マトリックス」「BM」「basal laminae」「basement lamina」
拡張検索	「anti-glomerular basement membrane disease」「anti-glomerular basement-membrane antibody disease」「thin glomerular basement membrane disease」
関連記事	「basement」「membrane」

「基底膜」

　　[★]

英

basilar membrane (Z), basement membrane, BM

ラ

membrana basalis

同

基底板× basal lamina×

• 図：NDE.6(シェーマ)

• 表皮直下に存在。光学顕微鏡下でPAS染色に赤色に染まり、ジアスターゼ抵抗性を示す。電顕的には複雑な構造を示す。(NDE.6)

基底膜近傍の構造

• ヘミデスモソーム

• ケラチン5
• ケラチン14
• BP230
• プレクチン
• インテグリンα6
• インテグリンβ4

• 透明帯

• BP180

• 基底板

• ラミニン5
• VII型コラーゲン

• 真皮

• I型コラーゲン
• III型コラーゲン

「細胞外マトリックス」

　　[★]

英

extracellular matrix, ECM

同

細胞外基質、細胞外間質物質、細胞間マトリックス intercellular matrix

関

細胞間質

種類

• 間在するマトリックス interstitial matrix

結合組織や上皮細胞の間、血管や平滑筋の支持構造に存在

• コラーゲン
• フィブロネクチン
• エラスチン
• プロテオグリカン
• ヒアルロン酸

など

• 基底膜 basement membrane

上皮細胞と間質細胞の間にあって、それぞれの細胞が合成している。

• IV型コラーゲン
• ラミニン

「BM」

　　[★]

• 骨髄、基底膜

関

basal lamina、basal laminae、basal membrane、basement membrane、bone marrow、myelo、myeloid

　

「basal laminae」

　　[★]

基底層、基底膜

関

basal lamina、basal layer、basal membrane、basement lamina、basement membrane、BM

「basement lamina」

　　[★]

• 基底層

関

basal lamina、basal laminae、basal layer、basement membrane

「anti-glomerular basement membrane disease」

　　[★] 抗糸球体基底膜抗体病

「anti-glomerular basement-membrane antibody disease」

　　[★] 抗糸球体基底膜抗体病

「thin glomerular basement membrane disease」

　　[★] 菲薄基底膜病 TGBMD

「basement」

　　[★]

• n.

• 基底、地階

関

basal、bases、basis、fundus、ground

　 　 　

「membrane」

　　[★]

• n.

• 膜、メンブラン