make-work

　

WordNet

1. undergo fabrication or creation; "This wool makes into a nice sweater"
2. give certain properties to something; "get someone mad"; "She made us look silly"; "He made a fool of himself at the meeting"; "Dont make this into a big deal"; "This invention will make you a millionaire"; "Make yourself clear" (同)get
3. put in order or neaten; "make the bed"; "make up a room" (同)make_up
4. eliminate urine; "Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug" (同)urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee, pee-pee, make water, relieve oneself, take a leak, spend a penny, wee, wee-wee, pass water
5. act in a certain way so as to acquire; "make friends"; "make enemies"
6. behave in a certain way; "make merry"
7. make or cause to be or to become; "make a mess in ones office"; "create a furor" (同)create
8. engage in; "make love, not war"; "make an effort"; "do research"; "do nothing"; "make revolution" (同)do
9. represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like; "She makes like an actress" (同)pretend, make believe
10. proceed along a path; "work ones way through the crowd"; "make ones way into the forest" (同)work
11. add up to; "four and four make eight"
12. amount to; "This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living"
13. appear to begin an activity; "He made to speak but said nothing in the end"; "She made as if to say hello to us"
14. assure the success of; "A good review by this critic will make your play!"
15. be or be capable of being changed or made into; "He makes a great host"; "He will make a fine father"
16. be suitable for; "Wood makes good furniture"
17. calculate as being; "I make the height about 100 feet"
18. carry out or commit; "make a mistake"; "commit a faux-pas"
19. cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable; "make my day"
20. change from one form into another; "make water into wine"; "make lead into gold"; "make clay into bricks"
21. compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way; "People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!"; "Heat makes you sweat"
22. consider as being; "It wasnt the problem some people made it"
23. constitute the essence of; "Clothes make the man"
24. develop into; "He will make a splendid father!"
25. favor the development of; "Practice makes the winner"
26. form by assembling individuals or constituents; "Make a quorum"
27. gather and light the materials for; "make a fire"
28. make by shaping or bringing together constituents; "make a dress"; "make a cake"; "make a wall of stones"
29. perform or carry out; "make a decision"; "make a move"; "make advances"; "make a phone call"
30. reach in time; "We barely made the plane"
31. provoke or excite; "The rock musician worked the crowd of young girls into a frenzy"
32. (physics) a manifestation of energy; the transfer of energy from one physical system to another expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which it moves a body in the direction of that force; "work equals force times distance"
33. arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion; "The stitches of the hem worked loose after she wore the skirt many times"
34. a product produced or accomplished through the effort or activity or agency of a person or thing; "it is not regarded as one of his more memorable works"; "the symphony was hailed as an ingenious work"; "he was indebted to the pioneering work of John Dewey"; "the work of an active imagination"; "erosion is the work of wind or water over time" (同)piece of work
35. activity directed toward making or doing something; "she checked several points needing further work"
36. have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected; "The voting process doesnt work as well as people thought"; "How does your idea work in practice?"; "This method doesnt work"; "The breaks of my new car act quickly"; "The medicine works only if you take it with a lot of water" (同)act
37. be employed; "Is your husband working again?"; "My wife never worked"; "Do you want to work after the age of 60?"; "She never did any work because she inherited a lot of money"; "She works as a waitress to put herself through college" (同)do work
38. cause to work; "he is working his servants hard" (同)put to work
39. shape, form, or improve a material; "work stone into tools"; "process iron"; "work the metal" (同)work on, process
40. behave in a certain way when handled; "This dough does not work easily"; "The soft metal works well"
41. cause to operate or function; "This pilot works the controls"; "Can you work an electric drill?"
42. exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity; "I will work hard to improve my grades"; "she worked hard for better living conditions for the poor"
43. gratify and charm, usually in order to influence; "the political candidate worked the crowds"
44. move in an agitated manner; "His fingers worked with tension"
45. move into or onto; "work the raisins into the dough"; "the student worked a few jokes into his presentation"; "work the body onto the flatbed truck"
46. operate in a certain place, area, or specialty; "She works the night clubs"; "The salesman works the Midwest"; "This artist works mostly in acrylics"
47. operate in or through; "Work the phones"
48. proceed towards a goal or along a path or through an activity; "work your way through every problem or task"; "She was working on her second martini when the guests arrived"; "Start from the bottom and work towards the top"
49. serving to permit or facilitate further work or activity; "discussed the working draft of a peace treaty"; "they need working agreements with their neighbor states on interstate projects"
50. a mine or quarry that is being or has been worked (同)workings
51. actively engaged in paid work; "the working population"; "the ratio of working men to unemployed"; "a working mother"; "robots can be on the job day and night" (同)on the job
52. adequate for practical use; especially sufficient in strength or numbers to accomplish something; "the party has a working majority in the House"; "a working knowledge of Spanish"
53. adopted as a temporary basis for further work; "a working draft"; "a working hypothesis"
54. (usually plural) the components needed for making or doing something; "the recipe listed all the makings for a chocolate cake"
55. performance of moral or religious acts; "salvation by deeds"; "the reward for good works" (同)deeds
56. the internal mechanism of a device (同)workings

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (労働者を怠けさせないための)不必要な仕事,余分な仕事
2. …‘を'『作る』,製造する,建造する / …‘を'『整える』,用意する / …‘を'生じさせる,もたらす,引き起こす / 〈金など〉‘を'得る,もうける,〈財産など〉‘を'作る / 《行為・動作を表す名詞を目的語にして》…‘を'『する』,行う / (ある状態・形態に)…‘を'『する』 / 《『make』+『名』+do》〈人・動物など〉‘に'強制して(…)させる / …‘を'判断する,解釈する,思う / …‘を'構成する,(計算・合計が)…‘に'なる / …‘に'『なる』,‘と'なる,‘の'資格(素質)がある / 《話》〈ある距離〉‘を'行く,〈ある速さ〉‘で'進む / 〈目的地など〉‘に'到着する,着く / 〈会社・集会など〉‘に'間に合う;《話》〈乗物〉‘に'間に合う / 〈人・企画〉‘を'成功させる,‘の'成功(幸運,出世)を確実にする / 《話》…‘の'一員になる / (ある状態・形態に)なる,ふるまう / (…の方へ)進む,向かう《+『for』(『to, toward』)+『名』) / 《まれ》《副詞[句]の伴って》作られる,できる / 《まれ》《副詞を伴って》〈かさなどが〉増す,〈雪が〉積もる / 作り,型;製造;種類,銘柄 / 性格,気質;体つき
3. 〈U〉(一般的な)『仕事,』労働;努力,勉強 / 〈U〉(実際にやっている具体的な)『仕事』,作業,勉強 / 〈U〉《定冠詞なしで》『仕事の口,』職[業],(工場・会社などの)勤め先 / 〈U〉制作,細工;《比喩(ひゆ)的に》しわざ / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》(文学・芸術の)『作品,』著作,(ある人の)作品 / 〈U〉《集合的に》(材料・道具などを含めて)作っているもの(今しているもの)全部 / 《複数形で》(機械の)動く部分,仕掛け / 《複数形で》《単数・複数扱い》《しばしば複合語を作って》『工場』 / 《複数形で》(宗教・道徳的な)行為,行い / 〈U〉(物理学で)仕事量 / 『働く』,仕事をする;(…に)取り組む,(…を)勉強する《+『at』(『on』)+『名』》 / (…に)『勤める』,勤務する《+『at』(『on, for』)+『名』》 / 《しばしば副詞[句]を伴って》〈機械・道具などが〉『ぐあいよく動く,』作動する,〈計画などが〉うまくいく,〈薬などが〉効く / 《副詞[句]を伴って》(ある方向に)少しずつ進む / 〈顔などが〉ぴくぴく動く,〈波などが〉揺れる / 《通例副詞を伴って》細工される,こねられる / 発酵する / 〈機械・道具など〉‘を'『動かす』,運転する / 〈人・牛馬など〉‘を'『働かせる』 / 〈工場・鉱山・農場など〉‘を'操業(経営)する,〈土地〉‘を'耕作する / 〈ある地域〉‘を'活動場所にする,受け持つ / 〈結果・効果など〉‘を'もたらす,生じさせる / (手で)…‘を'細工する,加工する;…‘に'手を加えて(…を)作る《+名+into+名》 / 《副詞[句]を伴って》(苦労して)…‘を'進む,(努力して)…‘を'得る / 〈人・物〉‘を'動かして(…に)する《+名+to(into)+名》 / …‘を'刺しゅうする,縫い付ける
4. (機械・器具などが)『動く』,使える / (特に生活にために)『働く』,[肉体]労働に従事する / (知識などが)『実際に役立つ』,実用的な / 『労働(仕事)上の』,労働(仕事)用の / (機械などの)動き方,動かし方《+of+名》 / (鉱山などの)作業場,現場
5. 〈U〉作ること,でき上がること;(…の)製造《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉《the~》(人を)成功(進歩)させる原因《+『of』+『名』〈人〉》 / 《the makings》(…の)適性,素資;(…の)材料,原料《+『of』+『名』》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/04/21 12:48:12」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

A make-work job is a job that has less immediate financial benefit to the economy than the job costs to support. Make-work jobs are similar to workfare but are publicly offered on the job market and have otherwise normal employment requirements (workfare jobs, in contrast, may be handed out to a randomly selected applicant or have special requirements such as continuing to search for a non-workfare job).

Make-work jobs are considered to be harmful when they provide very little practical experience and training so that they can´t work as a bridge to careers.

As a part of New Deal, the Federal Emergency Relief Administration provided $500 million for relief operations by states and cities, while the short-lived CWA (Civil Works Administration) gave localities money to operate make-work projects in 1933-34. Economists like Milton Friedman considered those programs like the CCC and WPA as a justified temporary response to an emergency. Friedman gave Roosevelt considerable credit for relieving immediate distress and restoring confidence.

In a socialist nationalised economy, several of the nationalized sectors of work can be considered as make work jobs, whereby the industry being worked in does not necessarily make a profit, but is considered essential by the state to the national interest. In practice, however, the phrase "make-work" is more commonly only used for work that is both of negative financial benefit and also not considered to be of any other particular benefit to the national interest.

Make-work jobs have been introduced during periods of high unemployment to provide a substitute for a regular job. In many European countries the social welfare system provides cash transfers for those unable to secure employment. These programs often require the recipient to undertake job training, internships, or job rotations. A make-work job can have the benefit of giving the employee a chance to meet new people, and learn how to work with others. The job can also help the worker to learn the importance of being on time to work and taking responsibility for their actions. Many of these skills could be transferred into regular jobs or educational training in the future. Some of the jobs being introduced in Denmark in 2014 are working in gardens, beach cleanups, reading to the elderly or disabled, washing toys in daycares, working with local bike programs, counting cars, or removing dog poops from sidewalks. These jobs can last for 4 to 13 weeks and the workers are essentially working for their social welfare benefits.

See also

• Cash assistance
• Busy work

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 5. 労働衛生および環境衛生の概要 overview of occupational and environmental health

English Journal

• The role of the organisational psychologist in disasters and emergency situations.

• San Juan Guillén C.SourceDepartment of Social Psychology, University of Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain. cesar.sanjuan@ehu.es
• Disasters.Disasters.2011 Apr;35(2):346-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.2010.01215.x. Epub 2010 Nov 12.
• Interventions in extreme situations, such as natural or technological disasters, terrorist attacks or emergencies in general, take place in settings of great uncertainty and are always accompanied by extraordinary circumstances. For this reason, there are various processes related to implementing in
• PMID 21073507

• A longitudinal qualitative study of the experience of working following treatment for gynaecological cancer.

• Grunfeld EA, Cooper AF.SourceKing's College London, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
• Psycho-oncology.Psychooncology.2010 Nov 24. [Epub ahead of print]
• Objective: There are an increasing number of gynaecological cancer survivors for whom returning to work is a realistic outcome. There is little research to date specifically examining the return to work experience of survivors of gynaecological cancers. The aim of this study was to explore gynaecolo
• PMID 21105181

Japanese Journal

• 美術大学におけるプログラミング初心者のための情報教育の実践と報告

• 研究報告コンピュータと教育（CE） 2012-CE-114(4), 1-7, 2012-03-09
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• 海士町にみる「地域づくり」の本質

• 地域イノベーション (5), 65-78, 2012
• NAID 120005294186

• システム開発プロジェクトにおけるWBS作成手順(提案型エンタプライズモデリング ワークショップ)

• 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. SWIM, ソフトウェアインタプライズモデリング 111(308), 1-6, 2011-11-11
• NAID 110009466328

Related Links

• make-workの意味 - 英和辞書 - goo辞書

make-workとは。意味や和訳。[名][U]((米))（生徒・余剰人員などにさせておく）つまらない課題[仕事]. ⇒BUSYWORK - goo辞書は国語、英和、和英、中国語、百科事典等からまとめて探せる辞書検索サービスです。

• Make-work | Define Make-work at Dictionary.com

noun work, usually of little importance, created to keep a person from being idle or unemployed. ... "busy-work, activity of no value," 1937, Amer.Eng., from make (v.) + work.

Related Pictures

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関連記事	「make」「work」「working」

「make」

　　[★]

• v.

(過去-過去分詞made)作る、産生する、製造する、製作する、(実験などを)行う

関

carry out、conduct、create、do、elaborate、execute、fabricate、fabrication、generate、generation、manufacture、manufacturing、perform、practice、produce、production、raise、undertake、yield

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「work」

　　[★]

• n.

• 研究、作業、仕事、働く

関

act、investigate、investigation、investigational、investigative、job、laboratory research、research、research activity、research and development、research priority、research technique、study、summary report、working

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「working」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 作業の

関

work