job

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. work occasionally; "As a student I jobbed during the semester breaks"
2. a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee; "estimates of the citys loss on that job ranged as high as a million dollars"; "the job of repairing the engine took several hours"; "the endless task of classifying the samples"; "the farmers morning chores" (同)task, chore
3. a damaging piece of work; "dry rot did the job of destroying the barn"; "the barber did a real job on my hair"
4. a workplace; as in the expression "on the job";
5. an object worked on; a result produced by working; "he held the job in his left hand and worked on it with his right"
6. the performance of a piece of work; "she did an outstanding job as Ophelia"; "he gave it up as a bad job"
7. the responsibility to do something; "it is their job to print the truth"
8. (computer science) a program application that may consist of several steps but is a single logical unit
9. profit privately from public office and official business
10. provoke or excite; "The rock musician worked the crowd of young girls into a frenzy"
11. (physics) a manifestation of energy; the transfer of energy from one physical system to another expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which it moves a body in the direction of that force; "work equals force times distance"
12. arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion; "The stitches of the hem worked loose after she wore the skirt many times"
13. a product produced or accomplished through the effort or activity or agency of a person or thing; "it is not regarded as one of his more memorable works"; "the symphony was hailed as an ingenious work"; "he was indebted to the pioneering work of John Dewey"; "the work of an active imagination"; "erosion is the work of wind or water over time" (同)piece of work
14. activity directed toward making or doing something; "she checked several points needing further work"
15. have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected; "The voting process doesnt work as well as people thought"; "How does your idea work in practice?"; "This method doesnt work"; "The breaks of my new car act quickly"; "The medicine works only if you take it with a lot of water" (同)act
16. be employed; "Is your husband working again?"; "My wife never worked"; "Do you want to work after the age of 60?"; "She never did any work because she inherited a lot of money"; "She works as a waitress to put herself through college" (同)do work
17. cause to work; "he is working his servants hard" (同)put to work
18. shape, form, or improve a material; "work stone into tools"; "process iron"; "work the metal" (同)work on, process
19. behave in a certain way when handled; "This dough does not work easily"; "The soft metal works well"
20. cause to operate or function; "This pilot works the controls"; "Can you work an electric drill?"
21. exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity; "I will work hard to improve my grades"; "she worked hard for better living conditions for the poor"
22. gratify and charm, usually in order to influence; "the political candidate worked the crowds"
23. move in an agitated manner; "His fingers worked with tension"
24. move into or onto; "work the raisins into the dough"; "the student worked a few jokes into his presentation"; "work the body onto the flatbed truck"
25. operate in a certain place, area, or specialty; "She works the night clubs"; "The salesman works the Midwest"; "This artist works mostly in acrylics"
26. operate in or through; "Work the phones"
27. proceed towards a goal or along a path or through an activity; "work your way through every problem or task"; "She was working on her second martini when the guests arrived"; "Start from the bottom and work towards the top"
28. destroy completely or make ugly or useless; "The dog did a job on my pillow"; "The seamstress did a job on my wedding gown"
29. relating to or associated with a job or employment; "on-the-job training"; "on-the-job requirements"
30. a problem-oriented language used to describe job requirements to an operating system
31. a Jewish hero in the Old Testament who maintained his faith in God in spite of afflictions that tested him
32. a book in the Old Testament containing Jobs pleas to God about his afflictions and Gods reply (同)Book of Job
33. any long-suffering person who withstands affliction without despairing

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『職』,勤め口;(職としての)仕事 / (しなければならない)『仕事』;職務 / 難しい(骨の折れる)仕事 / 手間(賃)仕事をする / (株の)仲買をする / (公職を利用して)私腹を肥やす / 〈商品〉‘を'卸売りする;〈株〉‘を'仲買する / (…に)…‘を'下請けに出す《+『out』+『名』+『to』+『名』》
2. 〈U〉(一般的な)『仕事,』労働;努力,勉強 / 〈U〉(実際にやっている具体的な)『仕事』,作業,勉強 / 〈U〉《定冠詞なしで》『仕事の口,』職[業],(工場・会社などの)勤め先 / 〈U〉制作,細工;《比喩(ひゆ)的に》しわざ / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》(文学・芸術の)『作品,』著作,(ある人の)作品 / 〈U〉《集合的に》(材料・道具などを含めて)作っているもの(今しているもの)全部 / 《複数形で》(機械の)動く部分,仕掛け / 《複数形で》《単数・複数扱い》《しばしば複合語を作って》『工場』 / 《複数形で》(宗教・道徳的な)行為,行い / 〈U〉(物理学で)仕事量 / 『働く』,仕事をする;(…に)取り組む,(…を)勉強する《+『at』(『on』)+『名』》 / (…に)『勤める』,勤務する《+『at』(『on, for』)+『名』》 / 《しばしば副詞[句]を伴って》〈機械・道具などが〉『ぐあいよく動く,』作動する,〈計画などが〉うまくいく,〈薬などが〉効く / 《副詞[句]を伴って》(ある方向に)少しずつ進む / 〈顔などが〉ぴくぴく動く,〈波などが〉揺れる / 《通例副詞を伴って》細工される,こねられる / 発酵する / 〈機械・道具など〉‘を'『動かす』,運転する / 〈人・牛馬など〉‘を'『働かせる』 / 〈工場・鉱山・農場など〉‘を'操業(経営)する,〈土地〉‘を'耕作する / 〈ある地域〉‘を'活動場所にする,受け持つ / 〈結果・効果など〉‘を'もたらす,生じさせる / (手で)…‘を'細工する,加工する;…‘に'手を加えて(…を)作る《+名+into+名》 / 《副詞[句]を伴って》(苦労して)…‘を'進む,(努力して)…‘を'得る / 〈人・物〉‘を'動かして(…に)する《+名+to(into)+名》 / …‘を'刺しゅうする,縫い付ける
3. 仕事のない,失業している / 失業者[たち]
4. はんぱ仕事,雑役
5. ヨブ(旧約聖書で苦難に耐える人の典型とされる) / ヨブ記(旧約聖書の一書)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/11/21 11:08:09」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

This article is about occupations. For the biblical figure, see Job (biblical figure). For other uses, see Job (disambiguation).

A person's job is their role in society. A job is an activity, often regular and often performed in exchange for payment. Many people have multiple jobs, such as those of parent, homemaker, and employee. A person can begin a job by becoming an employee, volunteering, starting a business, or becoming a parent. The duration of a job may range from an hour (in the case of odd jobs) to a lifetime (in the case of some judges).

An activity that requires a person's mental or physical effort is work (as in "a day's work"). If a person is trained for a certain type of job, they may have a profession. The series of jobs a person holds in their life is their career.

Jobs for people

Most people spend up to forty, or more hours each week in paid employment. Some exceptions are children, those who are retired, and people with certain types of disability, but within these groups many will work part-time or occasionally, will work in one or more volunteer positions, or will work as a homemaker. From the age of 5 or so, many children's primary role in society—and therefore their 'job'—is to learn and study as a student.

Types of jobs

Jobs can be categorized by the hours per week into full time or part time. They can be categorized as temporary, odd jobs, seasonal, self-employment, consulting, or contract employment.

Jobs can be categorized as paid or unpaid. Examples of unpaid jobs include volunteer, homemaker, mentor, student, and sometimes intern.

Jobs can be categorized by the level of experience required: entry level, intern, and co-op.

Some jobs require specific training or an academic degree.

Those without paid full-time employment may be categorized as unemployed or underemployed if they are seeking a full-time paid job.

Moonlighting is the practice of holding an additional job or jobs, often at night, in addition to one's main job, usually to earn extra income. A person who moonlights may have little time left for sleep or leisure activities.

The Office for National Statistics in the United Kingdom lists 27,966 different job titles, within a website published 2015.

Day job

The expression day job is often used for a job one works in to make ends meet while performing low-paying (or non-paying) work in their preferred vocation. Archetypal examples of this are the woman who works as a waitress (her day job) while she tries to become an actress, and the professional athlete who works as a laborer in the off season because he is currently only able to make the roster of a semi-professional team.

While many people do hold a full-time occupation, "day job" specifically refers to those who hold the position solely to pay living expenses so they can pursue, through low paying entry work, the job they really want (which may also be during the day). The phrase strongly implies that the day job would be quit, if only the real vocation paid a living wage.

The phrase "don't quit your day job" is a humorous response to a poor or mediocre performance not up to professional caliber. The phrase implies that the performer is not talented enough in that activity to be able to make a career out of it.

Getting a job

Further information: Job hunting and Employment

Getting a first job is an important rite of passage in many cultures. The youth may start by doing household work, odd jobs, or working for a family business. In many countries, school children get summer jobs during the longer summer vacation. Students enrolled in higher education can apply for internships or coops to further enhance the probability of securing an entry level job upon graduation.

Résumés summarize a person's education and job experience for potential employers. Employers read job candidate résumés to decide whom to interview for an open position.

Use of the word

Workers often talk of "getting a job", or "having a job". This conceptual metaphor of a "job" as a possession has led to its use in slogans such as "money for jobs, not bombs". Similar conceptions are that of "land" as a possession (real estate) or intellectual rights as a possession (intellectual property).

Job opening

In economics, a vacancy or job opening refers to a job offered by a firm that wishes to hire a worker. Ideally, the right person is hired at the right time in the right place to work for the organization. The planning, or lead time, necessary to fill the job opening is worked out in advance to allow sufficient time for recruitment, offer, acceptance, notice period and start date.

Occupation and life expectancy

Manual work seems to shorten the lifespan. High rank (a higher position at the pecking order) has a positive effect. Professions that cause anxiety have a direct negative impact on health and lifespan. Some data are more complex to interpret due to the various reasons of long life expectancy; thus skilled professionals, employees with secure jobs and low anxiety occupants may live a long life for variant reasons. The more positive characteristics a job has, the more it attributes on a longer lifespan. Gender, country and actual (what statistics reveal, not what people believe) danger are also notable parameters.

See also

• Employment
• Job analysis
• Job interview
• Job performance
• Job satisfaction
• Labor economics
• Unemployment
• Wage labor

References

Citations

Sources

• Davis, Steven; Haltiwanger, John; Schuh, Scott (1998), Job Creation and Destruction, MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-54093-3 
• Granovetter, Mark (1995), Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-30581-3 
• Joshel, Sandra (1992), Work, Identity, and Legal Status at Rome: A Study of the Occupational Inscriptions, University of Oklahoma Press, ISBN 978-0-8061-2444-5 
• Kranzberg, Melvin; Gies, Joseph (1986), By the Sweat of Thy Brow: Work in the Western World, Greenwood Press, ISBN 978-0-313-25323-2 
• Miller, Ann Ratner; Treiman, Donald; Cain, Pamela; Roos, Pamela (1980), Work, Jobs, and Occupations: a critical review of the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, National Academy Press 
• Orr, Julian Edgerton (1996), Talking about Machines: An Ethnography of a Modern Job, Cornell University Press, ISBN 978-0-8014-8390-5 
• Robinson, Tony; Willcock, David (2005), The Worst Jobs in History: Two Thousand Years of Miserable Employment, Pan Macmillan, ISBN 978-0-330-43857-5 
• Roebuck, Carl (1969), The Muses at Work: arts, crafts, and professions in ancient Greece and Rome, MIT Press 
• Morse, Nancy; Weiss, Robert (1955). "The Function and Meaning of Work and the Job". American Sociological Review. 20 (2): 191–198. doi:10.2307/2088325. JSTOR 2088325. 

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English Journal

• Achieving Kaiser Permanente quality.

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• Health care management review.Health Care Manage Rev.2016 Jul 1. [Epub ahead of print]
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• Characteristics of emerging adulthood and e-cigarette use: Findings from a pilot study.

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• Addictive behaviors.Addict Behav.2015 Nov;50:40-4. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.06.023. Epub 2015 Jun 11.
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• When is job rotation perceived useful and easy to use to prevent work-related musculoskeletal complaints?

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Japanese Journal

• 大学病院に勤務する看護職員のワーク・エンゲイジメントに影響する要因

• 米子医学雑誌 67(1-2), 17-28, 2016-03-31
• NAID 120005746482

• ワルシャワ・ゲットーにおける「闘い」（５） : イツハク・カツェネルソンの戯曲「ヨブ」をめぐって

• 人間科学 : 大阪府立大学紀要 11, 25-54, 2016-03-31
• NAID 120005744591

• 介護職員の生活満足感と職務満足感に関する一考察

• 保健福祉学研究 = Journal of health and social services 14, 1-7, 2016-03-31
• NAID 120005742639

• 他者のためになると思うことで意欲は上昇するか : 仮想場面を用いた検討

• 広島大学心理学研究 (15), 195-202, 2016-03-31
• NAID 120005733293

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Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「work」「仕事」

「work」

　　[★]

• n.

• 研究、作業、仕事、働く

関

act、investigate、investigation、investigational、investigative、job、laboratory research、research、research activity、research and development、research priority、research technique、study、summary report、working

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「仕事」

　　[★]

英

work、job

関

研究、働く、作業