insulin-like growth factor I

インスリン様成長因子-I

WordNet

1. want to have; "Id like a beer now!"
2. a kind of person; "Well not see his like again"; "I cant tolerate people of his ilk" (同)ilk
3. a similar kind; "dogs, foxes, and the like", "we dont want the likes of you around here" (同)the like, the likes of
4. equal in amount or value; "like amounts"; "equivalent amounts"; "the same amount"; "gave one six blows and the other a like number"; "the same number" (同)same
5. resembling or similar; having the same or some of the same characteristics; often used in combination; "suits of like design"; "a limited circle of like minds"; "members of the cat family have like dispositions"; "as like as two peas in a pod"; "doglike devotion"; "a dreamlike quality" (同)similar
6. be fond of; "I like my nephews"
7. feel about or towards; consider, evaluate, or regard; "How did you like the Presidents speech last night?"
8. find enjoyable or agreeable; "I like jogging"; "She likes to read Russian novels"
9. cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques; "The Bordeaux region produces great red wines"; "They produce good ham in Parma"; "We grow wheat here"; "We raise hogs here" (同)raise, farm, produce
10. come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes); "He grew a beard"; "The patient developed abdominal pains"; "I got funny spots all over my body"; "Well-developed breasts" (同)develop, produce, get, acquire
11. become attached by or as if by the process of growth; "The tree trunks had grown together"
12. become larger, greater, or bigger; expand or gain; "The problem grew too large for me"; "Her business grew fast"
13. cause to grow or develop; "He grows vegetables in his backyard"
14. increase in size by natural process; "Corn doesnt grow here"; "In these forests, mushrooms grow under the trees"; "her hair doesnt grow much anymore"
15. (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level; "he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children" (同)growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis
16. (pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
17. a progression from simpler to more complex forms; "the growth of culture"
18. something grown or growing; "a growth of hair"
19. vegetation that has grown; "a growth of trees"; "the only growth was some salt grass"
20. be a contributing factor; "make things factor into a companys profitability"
21. any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
22. an independent variable in statistics
23. anything that contributes causally to a result; "a number of factors determined the outcome"
24. consider as relevant when making a decision; "You must factor in the recent developments" (同)factor in, factor out
25. resolve into factors; "a quantum computer can factor the number 15" (同)factor in, factor out
26. an event known to have happened or something known to have existed; "your fears have no basis in fact"; "how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell"
27. a concept whose truth can be proved; "scientific hypotheses are not facts"
28. a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred; "first you must collect all the facts of the case"
29. a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; "he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. …‘を'『好む』,‘が'好きである / 《しばしば否定文で,またwould,《英》shouldと共に用いて》…‘を'望む,…したい / 『好む』;望む / 《複数形で》好み,好きな事
2. (外観・性質などが)…『に似た』,のような / (やり方,程度などが)…『と同じように』 / …『らしい』,にふさわいし / 《おもに話》たとえば…のような / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(性質・外観などが)同じの,(数量が)等しい / 《補語にのみ用いて》似ている,そっくりで / たぶん,おそらく(probably) / (…に)似た人(物),(…と)同等の人(物),匹敵する人(物)《+『of』+『名』》 / …のように / あたかも…のように
3. 『成長する』,育つ,〈植物が〉生える,茂る / (類・量・程などにおいて)『増大する』,大きくなる / 『しだいになる』 / …‘を'成長させる,大きくする,育てる / …から生じる(起こる)
4. 〈U〉(…の)『成長』,発育;『発達』,発展《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(数・量,重要性・力などの)『増加』,増大,拡張《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉《修飾語[句]を伴って》栽培,生産,…産 / 〈C〉成育した物,(草,木,髪,ひげなどの)生えたもの / 〈C〉腫瘍(しゅよう)
5. (…の)『要因』,(…を生み出す)要素《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 囲数,約数 / 代理人,《おもに英》仲買人 / =factorize
6. 〈C〉『事実』,実際にある(あった)事 / 〈U〉真相,真実(truth) / 《the~》(法律用語で)犯行

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/20 16:42:58」(JST)

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Insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C)
PDB rendering based on 1bqt.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1B9G, 1BQT, 1GF1, 1GZR, 1GZY, 1GZZ, 1H02, 1H59, 1IMX, 1PMX, 1TGR, 1WQJ, 2DSP, 2DSQ, 2DSR, 2GF1, 3GF1, 3LRI
Identifiers
Symbols	IGF1 ; IGF-I; IGF1A; IGFI
External IDs	OMIM: 147440 MGI: 96432 HomoloGene: 515 GeneCards: IGF1 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • insulin receptor binding • insulin-like growth factor receptor binding • integrin binding • hormone activity • protein binding • growth factor activity Cellular component • extracellular region • extracellular space • plasma membrane • insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex • platelet alpha granule lumen • insulin-like growth factor ternary complex Biological process • skeletal system development • cell activation • blood vessel remodeling • platelet degranulation • DNA replication • movement of cell or subcellular component • signal transduction • Ras protein signal transduction • muscle organ development • blood coagulation • cell proliferation • positive regulation of cell proliferation • negative regulation of cell proliferation • response to heat • glycolate metabolic process • glial cell differentiation • regulation of gene expression • positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process • positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy • phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling • positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling • skeletal muscle satellite cell maintenance involved in skeletal muscle regeneration • muscle hypertrophy • myotube cell development • positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration • positive regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation • water homeostasis • proteoglycan biosynthetic process • platelet activation • positive regulation of cell migration • mammary gland development • exocrine pancreas development • regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity • positive regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation • negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process • multicellular organism growth • bone mineralization involved in bone maturation • regulation of multicellular organism growth • positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation • positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein • negative regulation of apoptotic process • positive regulation of DNA binding • positive regulation of MAPK cascade • protein kinase B signaling • positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway • cellular protein metabolic process • myoblast differentiation • positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation • positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process • positive regulation of DNA replication • positive regulation of glycolytic process • positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • positive regulation of glucose import • positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction • insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway • phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling • positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation • lung alveolus development • positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation • branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube • inner ear development • chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process • positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation • positive regulation of protein secretion • positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation • protein stabilization • myoblast proliferation • positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling • negative regulation of oocyte development • lung vasculature development • lung lobe morphogenesis • Type I pneumocyte differentiation • Type II pneumocyte differentiation • prostate epithelial cord arborization involved in prostate glandular acinus morphogenesis • prostate gland growth • prostate gland stromal morphogenesis • negative regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway • ERK1 and ERK2 cascade • negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade • positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade • negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria • extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand • positive regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation • positive regulation of myoblast proliferation • negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	3479	16000
Ensembl	ENSG00000017427	ENSMUSG00000020053
UniProt	P05019	P05017
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000618	NM_001111274
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000609	NP_001104744
Location (UCSC)	Chr 12: 102.4 – 102.48 Mb	Chr 10: 87.86 – 87.94 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), also called somatomedin C, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGF1 gene. IGF-1 has also been referred to as a "sulfation factor" and its effects were termed "nonsuppressible insulin-like activity" (NSILA) in the 1970s.

IGF-1 is a hormone similar in molecular structure to insulin. It plays an important role in childhood growth and continues to have anabolic effects in adults. A synthetic analog of IGF-1, mecasermin, is used for the treatment of growth failure.

IGF-1 consists of 70 amino acids in a single chain with three intramolecular disulfide bridges. IGF-1 has a molecular weight of 7,649 daltons.

Synthesis and circulation

See also: Neurobiological effects of physical exercise § IGF-1 signaling

IGF-1 is produced primarily by the liver as an endocrine hormone as well as in target tissues in a paracrine/autocrine fashion. Production is stimulated by growth hormone (GH) and can be retarded by undernutrition, growth hormone insensitivity, lack of growth hormone receptors, or failures of the downstream signalling pathway post GH receptor including SHP2 and STAT5B. Approximately 98% of IGF-1 is always bound to one of 6 binding proteins (IGF-BP). IGFBP-3, the most abundant protein, accounts for 80% of all IGF binding. IGF-1 binds to IGFBP-3 in a 1:1 molar ratio.IGFBP-1 is regulated by insulin.

IGF-1 is produced throughout life. The highest rates of IGF-1 production occur during the pubertal growth spurt. The lowest levels occur in infancy and old age.

3-d model of IGF-1

Protein intake increases IGF-1 levels in humans, independent of total calorie consumption. Factors that are known to cause variation in the levels of growth hormone (GH) and IGF-1 in the circulation include: insulin levels, genetic make-up, the time of day, age, sex, exercise status, stress levels, nutrition level and body mass index (BMI), disease state, race, estrogen status and xenobiotic intake.

Mechanism of action

Its primary action is mediated by binding to its specific receptor, the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), which is present on many cell types in many tissues. Binding to the IGF1R, a receptor tyrosine kinase, initiates intracellular signaling; IGF-1 is one of the most potent natural activators of the AKT signaling pathway, a stimulator of cell growth and proliferation, and a potent inhibitor of programmed cell death . IGF-1 binds to at least two cell surface receptors: the IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R), and the insulin receptor. The IGF-1 receptor seems to be the "physiologic" receptor – it binds IGF-1 at significantly higher affinity than the IGF-1 that is bound to the insulin receptor. Like the insulin receptor, the IGF-1 receptor is a receptor tyrosine kinase – meaning it signals by causing the addition of a phosphate molecule on particular tyrosines. IGF-1 activates the insulin receptor at approximately 0.1 times the potency of insulin. Part of this signaling may be via IGF1R/Insulin Receptor heterodimers (the reason for the confusion is that binding studies show that IGF1 binds the insulin receptor 100-fold less well than insulin, yet that does not correlate with the actual potency of IGF1 in vivo at inducing phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, and hypoglycemia).

IGF-1 is a primary mediator of the effects of growth hormone (GH). Growth hormone is made in the anterior pituitary gland, is released into the blood stream, and then stimulates the liver to produce IGF-1. IGF-1 then stimulates systemic body growth, and has growth-promoting effects on almost every cell in the body, especially skeletal muscle, cartilage, bone, liver, kidney, nerves, skin, hematopoietic cell, and lungs. In addition to the insulin-like effects, IGF-1 can also regulate cell growth and development, especially in nerve cells, as well as cellular DNA synthesis.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and other tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors signal through multiple pathways. A key pathway is regulated by phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and its downstream partner, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Rapamycins complex with FKBPP12 to inhibit the mTORC1 complex. mTORC2 remains unaffected and responds by upregulating Akt, driving signals through the inhibited mTORC1. Phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4e (eif-4E) [4EBP] by mTOR inhibits the capacity of 4EBP to inhibit eif-4E and slow metabolism.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 has been shown to bind and interact with all the IGF-1 binding proteins (IGFBPs), of which there are seven: IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGFBP4, IGFBP5, IGFBP6, and IGFBP7. Some IGFBPs are inhibitory. For example, both IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-5 bind IGF-1 at a higher affinity than it binds its receptor. Therefore, increases in serum levels of these two IGFBPs result in a decrease in IGF-1 activity.

Related growth factors

IGF-1 is closely related to a second protein called "IGF-2". IGF-2 also binds the IGF-1 receptor. However, IGF-2 alone binds a receptor called the "IGF-2 receptor" (also called the mannose-6 phosphate receptor). The insulin-like growth factor-II receptor (IGF2R) lacks signal transduction capacity, and its main role is to act as a sink for IGF-2 and make less IGF-2 available for binding with IGF-1R. As the name "insulin-like growth factor 1" implies, IGF-1 is structurally related to insulin, and is even capable of binding the insulin receptor, albeit at lower affinity than insulin.

A splice variant of IGF-1 sharing an identical mature region, but with a different E domain is known as mechano-growth factor (MGF).

Clinical significance

Dwarfism

Rare diseases characterized by inability to make or respond to IGF-1 produce a distinctive type of growth failure. One such disorder, termed Laron dwarfism does not respond at all to growth hormone treatment due to a lack of GH receptors. The FDA has grouped these diseases into a disorder called severe primary IGF deficiency. Patients with severe primary IGFD typically present with normal to high GH levels, height below 3 standard deviations (SD), and IGF-1 levels below 3 SD. Severe primary IGFD includes patients with mutations in the GH receptor, post-receptor mutations or IGF mutations, as previously described. As a result, these patients cannot be expected to respond to GH treatment.

People with Laron syndrome have strikingly low rates of cancer and diabetes.

Acromegaly

Acromegaly is a syndrome that results when the anterior pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone (GH). A number of disorders may increase the pituitary's GH output, although most commonly it involves a tumor called pituitary adenoma, derived from a distinct type of cell (somatotrophs). It leads to anatomical changes and metabolic dysfunction caused by elevated GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels.

Diagnostic test

IGF-1 levels can be measured in the blood in 10-1000 ng/ml amounts. As levels do not fluctuate greatly throughout the day for an individual person, IGF-1 is used by physicians as a screening test for growth hormone deficiency and excess in acromegaly and gigantism.

Interpretation of IGF-1 levels is complicated by the wide normal ranges, and marked variations by age, sex, and pubertal stage. Clinically significant conditions and changes may be masked by the wide normal ranges. Sequential management over time is often useful for the management of several types of pituitary disease, undernutrition, and growth problems.

As a therapeutic agent

Patients with severe primary insulin-like growth factor-1 deficiency (IGFD) may be treated with either IGF-1 alone or in combination with IGFBP-3. Mecasermin (brand name Increlex) is a synthetic analog of IGF-1 which is approved for the treatment of growth failure. IGF-1 has been manufactured recombinantly on a large scale using both yeast and E. coli.

Research

Aging

Signaling through the insulin/IGF-1-like receptor pathway is a significant contributor to biological aging in many organisms. Cynthia Kenyon showed that mutations in the daf-2 gene double the lifespan of the roundworm, C. elegans. Daf-2 encodes the worm's unified insulin/IGF-1-like receptor. Despite the impact of IGF1-like on C. elegans longevity, direct application to mammalian aging is not as clear as mammals lack dauer developmental stages. It is also inconsistent with evidence in humans.

There are mixed reports that IGF-1 signaling modulates the aging process in humans and about whether the direction of its effect is positive or negative.

Neuropathy

Therapeutic administration of neurotrophic proteins (IGF I) is associated with potential reversal of degeneration of spinal cord motor neuron axons in certain peripheral neuropathies.

Cancer

The IGF signaling pathway is implicated in some cancers. People with Laron syndrome have a lessened risk of developing cancer. Dietary interventions and modifications such as vegan diets shown to down regulate IGF-1 activity, has been associated with lower risk of cancer. However, despite considerable research, perturbations specific to cancer are incompletely delineated and clinical trials have been unsuccessful.

Stroke

IGF-1 has also been shown to be effective in animal models of stroke when combined with erythropoietin. Both behavioural and cellular improvements were found.

Clinical trials

Recombinant protein

Several companies have evaluated IGF-1 in clinical trials for a variety of indications, including type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS aka "Lou Gehrig's Disease"), severe burn injury and myotonic muscular dystrophy (MMD). Results of clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of IGF-1 in type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes showed great promise in reducing hemoglobin A1C levels, as well as daily insulin consumption. However, the sponsor, Genentech, discontinued the program due to an exacerbation of diabetic retinopathy in patients coupled with a shift in corporate focus towards oncology. Cephalon and Chiron conducted two pivotal clinical studies of IGF-1 for ALS, and although one study demonstrated efficacy, the second was equivocal, and the product has never been approved by the FDA.

Small molecules that upregulate IGF-1

In a clinical trial of an investigational compound ibutamoren, which raises IGF-1 in patients, did not result in an improvement in patients' Alzheimer's symptoms. Another clinical demonstrated that Cephalon's IGF-1 does not slow the progression of weakness in ALS patients, but other studies shown strong beneficial effects of IGF-I replacement therapy in ALS patients, and therefore IGF-I may have the potential to be an effective and safe medicine against ALS, however other studies had conflicting results.

Society and culture

Insmed was found to infringe on patents licensed by Tercica, which then sought to get a U.S. district court judge to ban sales of Iplex. To settle patent infringement charges and resolve all litigation between the two companies, in March 2007 Insmed agreed to withdraw Iplex from the U.S. market, leaving Tercica's Increlex as the sole version of IGF-1 available in the United States.

Numerous sources have claimed that Deer Antler Spray, purportedly extracted from cervid sources, contains IGF-1. Credence to this claim comes from the fact that deer's antlers grow extremely rapidly and that the associated cellular factors can similarly aid in skeletal healing in humans. IGF-1 is currently banned by various sporting bodies. However, sprays and pills claiming to be 'deer antler velvet extracts' are freely available on the market. As IGF-1 is a protein, it cannot be absorbed orally since it is rapidly broken down in the gastrointestinal tract. In September 2013, the headquarters of SWATS, an infamous distributor of deer antler spray and other controversial products, was raided and ordered to shut down by Alabama's attorney general citing "numerous serious and willful violations of Alabama’s deceptive trade practices act".

References

Further reading

• Butler AA, Yakar S, LeRoith D (2002). "Insulin-like growth factor-I: compartmentalization within the somatotropic axis?". News Physiol. Sci. 17: 82–5. PMID 11909998. 
• Maccario M, Tassone F, Grottoli S, Rossetto R, Gauna C, Ghigo E (2002). "Neuroendocrine and metabolic determinants of the adaptation of GH/IGF-I axis to obesity". Ann. Endocrinol. (Paris) 63 (2 Pt 1): 140–4. PMID 11994678. 
• Camacho-Hübner C, Woods KA, Clark AJ, Savage MO (2003). "Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I gene deletion". Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders 3 (4): 357–61. doi:10.1023/A:1020957809082. PMID 12424437. 
• Dantzer B, Swanson EM (2012). "Mediation of vertebrate life histories via insulin-like growth factor-1". Biological Reviews 87 (2): 414–429. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00204.x. PMID 21981025. 
• Trojan LA, Kopinski P, Wei MX, Ly A, Glogowska A, Czarny J, Shevelev A, Przewlocki R, Henin D, Trojan J (2004). "IGF-I: from diagnostic to triple-helix gene therapy of solid tumors". Acta Biochim. Pol. 49 (4): 979–90. PMID 12545204. 
• Winn N, Paul A, Musaró A, Rosenthal N (2003). "Insulin-like growth factor isoforms in skeletal muscle aging, regeneration, and disease". Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 67: 507–18. doi:10.1101/sqb.2002.67.507. PMID 12858577. 
• Delafontaine P, Song YH, Li Y (2005). "Expression, regulation, and function of IGF-1, IGF-1R, and IGF-1 binding proteins in blood vessels". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 24 (3): 435–44. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000105902.89459.09. PMID 14604834. 
• Trejo JL, Carro E, Garcia-Galloway E, Torres-Aleman I (2004). "Role of insulin-like growth factor I signaling in neurodegenerative diseases". J. Mol. Med. 82 (3): 156–62. doi:10.1007/s00109-003-0499-7. PMID 14647921. 
• Rabinovsky ED (2004). "The multifunctional role of IGF-1 in peripheral nerve regeneration". Neurol. Res. 26 (2): 204–10. doi:10.1179/016164104225013851. PMID 15072640. 
• Rincon M, Muzumdar R, Atzmon G, Barzilai N (2005). "The paradox of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway in longevity". Mech. Ageing Dev. 125 (6): 397–403. doi:10.1016/j.mad.2004.03.006. PMID 15272501. 
• Conti E, Carrozza C, Capoluongo E, Volpe M, Crea F, Zuppi C, Andreotti F (2005). "Insulin-like growth factor-1 as a vascular protective factor". Circulation 110 (15): 2260–5. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000144309.87183.FB. PMID 15477425. 
• Wood AW, Duan C, Bern HA (2005). "Insulin-like growth factor signaling in fish". Int. Rev. Cytol. International Review of Cytology 243: 215–85. doi:10.1016/S0074-7696(05)43004-1. ISBN 9780123646477. PMID 15797461. 
• Sandhu MS (2005). "Insulin-like growth factor-I and risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease: molecular epidemiology". Endocrine development. Endocrine Development 9: 44–54. doi:10.1159/000085755. ISBN 3-8055-7926-8. PMID 15879687. 
• Ye P, D'Ercole AJ (2006). "Insulin-like growth factor actions during development of neural stem cells and progenitors in the central nervous system". J. Neurosci. Res. 83 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1002/jnr.20688. PMID 16294334. 
• Gómez JM (2006). "The role of insulin-like growth factor I components in the regulation of vitamin D". Current pharmaceutical biotechnology 7 (2): 125–32. doi:10.2174/138920106776597621. PMID 16724947. 
• Federico G, Street ME, Maghnie M, Caruso-Nicoletti M, Loche S, Bertelloni S, Cianfarani S (2006). "Assessment of serum IGF-I concentrations in the diagnosis of isolated childhood-onset GH deficiency: a proposal of the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (SIEDP/ISPED)". J. Endocrinol. Invest. 29 (8): 732–7. doi:10.1007/bf03344184. PMID 17033263. 
• Zakula Z, Koricanac G, Putnikovic B, Markovic L, Isenovic ER (2007). "Regulation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase and sodium pump in type 1 diabetes". Med. Hypotheses 69 (2): 302–6. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.11.045. PMID 17289286. 
• Trojan J, Cloix JF, Ardourel MY, Chatel M, Anthony DD (2007). "Insulin-like growth factor type I biology and targeting in malignant gliomas". Neuroscience 145 (3): 795–811. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.01.021. PMID 17320297. 
• Venkatasubramanian G, Chittiprol S, Neelakantachar N, Naveen MN, Thirthall J, Gangadhar BN, Shetty KT (October 2007). "Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 abnormalities in antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia". Am J Psychiatry 164 (10): 1557–60. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07020233. PMID 17898347. 

External links

• Insulin-Like Growth Factor I at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• IGF-1 at Lab Tests Online
• IGF-1 recombinant GFP labeled at Protean Ltd.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. インスリン様成長因子 Iの生理学 physiology of insulin like growth factor i
• 2. 先端巨大症の診断 diagnosis of acromegaly
• 3. 成人における成長ホルモン欠乏症 growth hormone deficiency in adults
• 4. 慢性腎疾患を有する小児における成長障害の病因、評価および診断 pathogenesis evaluation and diagnosis of growth impairment in children with chronic kidney disease
• 5. 小児における成長ホルモン欠乏症の診断 diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in children

English Journal

• The use of cell conditioned medium for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration.

• Veronesi F1, Borsari V2, Sartori M1, Orciani M3, Mattioli-Belmonte M3, Fini M2.
• Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2018 Jun;233(6):4423-4442. doi: 10.1002/jcp.26291. Epub 2017 Dec 29.
• PMID 29159853

• Effects of parity on productive, reproductive, metabolic and hormonal responses of Holstein cows.

• Morales Piñeyrúa JT1, Fariña SR2, Mendoza A2.
• Animal reproduction science.Anim Reprod Sci.2018 Apr;191:9-21. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.01.017. Epub 2018 Feb 2.
• PMID 29471977

• Effects of deficiency and surplus dietary threonine on reproductive performance of primiparous pregnant gilts.

• Shi M1, Liu T1, Li T1, Wang H1, Yuan T1, Li D1, Wang J1.
• Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition.J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl).2018 Apr;102(2):e964-e971. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12866. Epub 2018 Jan 11.
• PMID 29327380

Japanese Journal

• 特別講演 ほ乳類の老化制御機構

• 下川 功
• 西日本泌尿器科 = The Nishinihon journal of urology 81(3), 353-363, 2019-06
• NAID 40021921467

• Breakdown of Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodule Accompanied by Acromegaly After Octreotide Treatment

• Nomoto Hiroshi,Kameda Hiraku,Nakamura Akinobu,Tsuchida Kazuhisa,Nagai So,Atsumi Tatsuya,Miyoshi Hideaki
• Frontiers in Endocrinology (10), 131, 2019-03-01
• … The blood flow around the nodule then decreased and the excess trapping of isotope detected by scintigraphy was reduced, followed by normalization of insulin-like growth factor-1 levels and thyroid function. …
• NAID 120006603705

• Molecular characterization and expression profiles of two insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors during fasting and re-feeding in Siniperca chuatsi

• Chen Xiaoli,Wang Gongpei,Lu Xue,Xu Peng,Zeng Shuang,Chen Zhi,Zhu Qiaoying,Li Guifeng
• Fisheries science 85(2), 349-360, 2019-03
• NAID 40021829614

Related Links

• Insulin-like growth factor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are proteins with high sequence similarity to insulin. IGFs are part of a complex system that cells use to communicate with their physiologic environment. This complex system (often referred to as the IGF ...

• Insulin-like growth factor 1 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), also called somatomedin C, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGF1 gene. IGF-1 has also been referred to as a " sulfation factor" and its effects were termed "nonsuppressible insulin-like activity"  ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「インスリン様成長因子-I」
拡張検索	「insulin-like growth factor II receptor」「insulin-like growth factor II」「growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor I axis」「insulin-like growth factor-I」
関連記事	「like」「grow」「I」「fact」「factor」

「インスリン様成長因子-I」

　　[★]

英

insulin-like growth factor I insuline-like growth factor-I IGF-I IGF-1

同

インスリン様増殖因子I、インスリン様成長因子I。ソマトメジンC somatomedin C, ソマトメジン somatomedin

性状

• ペプチド

産生組織

• 肝臓を始めとする多くの臓器

標的組織

• 血行性にホルモンとして、自己分泌的、傍分泌的に作用。

作用

• IGF-IはGH依存性に種々の組織で合成、分泌され、主にオートクリン作用によって組織の増殖を促進する。

分泌の調整

• 分泌促進：成長ホルモン、インスリン
• 分泌抑制：絶食(GH↑だが)、エストロゲン、コルチゾール

「insulin-like growth factor II receptor」

　　[★]

• インスリン様増殖因子II受容体、インスリン様増殖因子IIレセプター

関

IGF type 2 receptor、IGF-2 receptor、IGF-II receptor、mannose 6-phosphate receptor

「insulin-like growth factor II」

　　[★]

• インスリン様増殖因子II、インスリン様成長因子II

関

IGF-2、IGF-II

「growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor I axis」

　　[★] 成長ホルモン-インスリン様成長因子I系

「insulin-like growth factor-I」

　　[★] インスリン様成長因子-I

「like」

　　[★]

• v.

• 好む

• prep.

• 似ている、同様の

関

alike、as well as、care for、correspond、correspondingly、equally、favor、identically、likewise、prefer、resemble、same、similar、similarly、such

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「grow」

　　[★]

• v.

(過去: grew-過去分詞: grown)

• 成長する、生育する、伸びる

関

extend、growth、outgrow、outgrowth、stretch

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「I」

　　[★]

• イソロイシン isoleucine
• イノシン inosine
• 阻害剤 inhibitor
• iodine
• ヨード iodide
• I因子 factor I

　 　 　

「fact」

　　[★]

• n.

• 事実、現状、実際、実態

関

actual、actually、in fact、in practice、indeed、practically

　 　 　 　 　

「factor」

　　[★]

• n.

• 因子、要因、要素、ファクター

関

element、elementary、factorial、parameter