解析、分析、解析法、分析法

関: anal、analyse、analysis、analytical、analyze、assay、dissect、-metry、solve

WordNet

a quantitative or qualitative test of a substance (especially an ore or a drug) to determine its components; frequently used to test for the presence or concentration of infectious agents or antibodies etc.
analyze (chemical substances)
a substance that is undergoing an analysis of its components
an appraisal of the state of affairs; "they made an assay of the contents"; "a check on its dependability under stress" (同)check
a written report of the results of an analysis of the composition of some substance
an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole
the abstract separation of a whole into its constituent parts in order to study the parts and their relations (同)analytic thinking
a branch of mathematics involving calculus and the theory of limits; sequences and series and integration and differentiation
a form of literary criticism in which the structure of a piece of writing is analyzed
the use of closed-class words instead of inflections: e.g., `the father of the bride instead of `the brides father
consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning; "analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare"; "analyze the evidence in a criminal trial"; "analyze your real motives" (同)analyse, study, examine, canvass, canvas
break down into components or essential features; "analyze todays financial market" (同)analyse
make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features; "analyze a specimen"; "analyze a sentence"; "analyze a chemical compound" (同)analyse, break_down, dissect, take apart
subject to psychoanalytic treatment; "I was analyzed in Vienna by a famous psychiatrist" (同)analyse, psychoanalyze, psychoanalyse
find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of; "did you solve the problem?"; "Work out your problems with the boss"; "this unpleasant situation isnt going to work itself out"; "did you get it?"; "Did you get my meaning?"; "He (同)work_out, figure out, puzzle out, lick, work
cut open or cut apart; "dissect the bodies for analysis"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(金属の品質・鉱石の金属含有量・薬品の)分析,試金 / 試金物,分析物 / …'を'試金する,分析する
(内容・状況などの)『分析』,分解;(詳細な)検討 / (化学・物理で)分析;《米》(心理学で)[精神]分析;(数学で)解析
〈問題など〉‘を'『解く』,解明する,解決する
(実験・研究などで)〈人体・動植物など〉‘を'解剖する / …‘を'細かく調べる,分析する
=analyze

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/25 11:49:51」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Analysis is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order to gain a better understanding of it. The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and logic since before Aristotle (384–322 B.C.), though analysis as a formal concept is a relatively recent development.^[1]

The word comes from the Ancient Greek ἀνάλυσις (analusis, "a breaking up", from ana- "up, throughout" and lysis "a loosening").^[2]

As a formal concept, the method has variously been ascribed to Alhazen,^[3] René Descartes (Discourse on the Method), and Galileo Galilei. It has also been ascribed to Isaac Newton, in the form of a practical method of physical discovery (which he did not name).

1 Applicants
- 1.1 Chemistry
  - 1.1.1 Isotopes
- 1.2 Business
- 1.3 Computer science
- 1.4 Economics
- 1.5 Engineering
- 1.6 Intelligence
- 1.7 Linguistics
- 1.8 Literature
- 1.9 Mathematics
- 1.10 Music
- 1.11 Philosophy
- 1.12 Psychotherapy
- 1.13 Signal processing
- 1.14 Statistics
- 1.15 Other
2 See also
3 References
4 External links

Applicants

Chemistry

The field of chemistry uses analysis in at least three ways: to identify the components of a particular chemical compound (qualitative analysis), to identify the proportions of components in a mixture (quantitative analysis), and to break down chemical processes and examine chemical reactions between elements of matter. For an example of its use, analysis of the concentration of elements is important in managing a nuclear reactor, so nuclear scientists will analyze neutron activation to develop discrete measurements within vast samples. A matrix can have a considerable effect on the way a chemical analysis is conducted and the quality of its results. Analysis can be done manually or with a device. Chemical analysis is an important element of national security among the major world powers with materials measurement and signature intelligence (MASINT) capabilities.

Isotopes

Chemists can use isotope analysis to assist analysts with issues in anthropology, archeology, food chemistry, forensics, geology, and a host of other questions of physical science. Analysts can discern the origins of natural and man-made isotopes in the study of environmental radioactivity.

Business

Financial statement analysis – the analysis of the accounts and the economic prospects of a firm
Fundamental analysis – a stock valuation method that uses financial analysis
Technical analysis – the study of price action in securities markets in order to forecast future prices
Business analysis – involves identifying the needs and determining the solutions to business problems
Price analysis – involves the breakdown of a price to a unit figure
Market analysis – consists of suppliers and customers, and price is determined by the interaction of supply and demand
Wireless Opportunity analysis - consists of customers trends within the wireless telephone industry, customer demand and experience determine purchasing behavior

Computer science

Requirements analysis – encompasses those tasks that go into determining the needs or conditions to meet for a new or altered product, taking account of the possibly conflicting requirements of the various stakeholders, such as beneficiaries or users.
Competitive analysis (online algorithm) – shows how online algorithms perform and demonstrates the power of randomization in algorithms
Lexical analysis – the process of processing an input sequence of characters and producing as output a sequence of symbols
Object-oriented analysis and design – à la Booch
Program analysis (computer science) – the process of automatically analyzing the behavior of computer programs
Semantic analysis (computer science) – a pass by a compiler that adds semantical information to the parse tree and performs certain checks
Static code analysis – the analysis of computer software that is performed without actually executing programs built from that
Structured systems analysis and design methodology – à la Yourdon
Syntax analysis – a process in compilers that recognizes the structure of programming languages, also known as parsing
Worst-case execution time – determines the longest time that a piece of software can take to run

Economics

Agroecosystem analysis
Input-output model if applied to a region, is called Regional Impact Multiplier System

Engineering

Analysts in the field of engineering look at requirements, structures, mechanisms, systems and dimensions. Electrical engineers analyse systems in electronics. Life cycles and system failures are broken down and studied by engineers. It is also looking at different factors incorporated within the design.

Intelligence

The field of intelligence employs analysts to break down and understand a wide array of questions. Intelligence agencies may use heuristics, inductive and deductive reasoning, social network analysis, dynamic network analysis, link analysis, and brainstorming to sort through problems they face. Military intelligence may explore issues through the use of game theory, Red Teaming, and wargaming. Signals intelligence applies cryptanalysis and frequency analysis to break codes and ciphers. Business intelligence applies theories of competitive intelligence analysis and competitor analysis to resolve questions in the marketplace. Law enforcement intelligence applies a number of theories in crime analysis.

Linguistics

Linguistics look at individual languages and language in general. It breaks language down and analyses its component parts: theory, sounds and their meaning, utterance usage, word origins, the history of words, the meaning of words and word combinations, sentence construction, basic construction beyond the sentence level, stylistics, and conversation. It examines the above using statistics and modeling, and semantics. It analyses language in context of anthropology, biology, evolution, geography, history, neurology, psychology, and sociology. It also takes the applied approach, looking at individual language development and clinical issues.

Literature

Literary criticism is the analysis of literature. The focus can be as diverse as the analysis of Homer or Freud. While not all literary-critical methods are primarily analytical in nature, the main approach to the teaching of literature in the west since the mid-twentieth century, literary formal analysis or close reading, is. This method, rooted in the academic movement labelled The New Criticism, approaches texts - chiefly short poems such as sonnets, which by virtue of their small size and significant complexity lend themselves well to this type of analysis - as units of discourse that can be understood in themselves, without reference to biographical or historical frameworks. This method of analysis breaks up the text linguistically in a study of prosody (the formal analysis of meter) and phonic effects such as alliteration and rhyme, and cognitively in examination of the interplay of syntactic structures, figurative language, and other elements of the poem that work to produce its larger effects.

Mathematics

Modern mathematical analysis is the study of infinite processes. It is the branch of mathematics that includes calculus. It can be applied in the study of classical concepts of mathematics, such as real numbers, complex variables, trigonometric functions, and algorithms, or of non-classical concepts like constructivism, harmonics, infinity, and vectors.

Florian Cajori explains in A History of Mathematics (1893) the difference between modern and ancient mathematical analysis, as distinct from logical analysis, as follows:

The terms synthesis and analysis are used in mathematics in a more special sense than in logic. In ancient mathematics they had a different meaning from what they now have. The oldest definition of mathematical analysis as opposed to synthesis is that given in [appended to] Euclid, XIII. 5, which in all probability was framed by Eudoxus: "Analysis is the obtaining of the thing sought by assuming it and so reasoning up to an admitted truth; synthesis is the obtaining of the thing sought by reasoning up to the inference and proof of it."

The analytic method is not conclusive, unless all operations involved in it are known to be reversible. To remove all doubt, the Greeks, as a rule, added to the analytic process a synthetic one, consisting of a reversion of all operations occurring in the analysis. Thus the aim of analysis was to aid in the discovery of synthetic proofs or solutions.

James Gow uses a similar argument as Cajori, with the following clarification, in his A Short History of Greek Mathematics (1884):

The synthetic proof proceeds by shewing that the proposed new truth involves certain admitted truths. An analytic proof begins by an assumption, upon which a synthetic reasoning is founded. The Greeks distinguished theoretic from problematic analysis. A theoretic analysis is of the following kind. To prove that A is B, assume first that A is B. If so, then, since B is C and C is D and D is E, therefore A is E. If this be known a falsity, A is not B. But if this be a known truth and all the intermediate propositions be convertible, then the reverse process, A is E, E is D, D is C, C is B, therefore A is B, constitutes a synthetic proof of the original theorem. Problematic analysis is applied in all cases where it is proposed to construct a figure which is assumed to satisfy a given condition. The problem is then converted into some theorem which is involved in the condition and which is proved synthetically, and the steps of this synthetic proof taken backwards are a synthetic solution of the problem.

Music

Musical analysis – a process attempting to answer the question "How does this music work?"
Schenkerian analysis

Philosophy

Philosophical analysis – a general term for the techniques used by philosophers
Analysis is the name of a prominent journal in philosophy.

Psychotherapy

Psychoanalysis – seeks to elucidate connections among unconscious components of patients' mental processes
Transactional analysis

Signal processing

Finite element analysis – a computer simulation technique used in engineering analysis
Independent component analysis
Link quality analysis – the analysis of signal quality
Path quality analysis
Fourier analysis

Statistics

In statistics, the term analysis may refer to any method used for data analysis. Among the many such methods, some are:

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) – a collection of statistical models and their associated procedures which compare means by splitting the overall observed variance into different parts
Boolean analysis – a method to find deterministic dependencies between variables in a sample, mostly used in exploratory data analysis
Cluster analysis – techniques for grouping objects into a collection of groups (called clusters), based on some measure of proximity or similarity
Factor analysis – a method to construct models describing a data set of observed variables in terms of a smaller set of unobserved variables (called factors)
Meta-analysis – combines the results of several studies that address a set of related research hypotheses
Multivariate analysis – analysis of data involving several variables, such as by factor analysis, regression analysis, or principal component analysis
Principal component analysis – transformation of a sample of correlated variables into uncorrelated variables (called principal components), mostly used in exploratory data analysis
Regression analysis – techniques for analyzing the relationships between several variables in the data
Scale analysis (statistics) – methods to analyze survey data by scoring responses on a numeric scale
Sensitivity analysis – the study of how the variation in the output of a model depends on variations in the inputs
Sequential analysis – evaluation of sampled data as it is collected, until the criterion of a stopping rule is met
Spatial analysis – the study of entities using geometric or geographic properties
Time-series analysis – methods that attempt to understand a sequence of data points spaced apart at uniform time intervals

Other

Aura analysis – a technique in which supporters of the method claim that the body's aura, or energy field is analysed
Bowling analysis – Analysis of the performance of cricket players

Lithic analysis – the analysis of stone tools using basic scientific techniques
Protocol analysis – a means for extracting persons' thoughts while they are performing a task

References

^ Michael Beaney (Summer 2012). "Analysis". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Michael Beaney. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
^ Douglas Harper (2001–2012). "analysis (n.)". ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY. Douglas Harper. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
^ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews .

External links

Analysis at the Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project
Analysis entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Analysis at PhilPapers

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リンク元	「assay」「dissect」「分析」「solve」「analysis」
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