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an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole
the abstract separation of a whole into its constituent parts in order to study the parts and their relations (同)analytic thinking
a branch of mathematics involving calculus and the theory of limits; sequences and series and integration and differentiation
a form of literary criticism in which the structure of a piece of writing is analyzed
the use of closed-class words instead of inflections: e.g., `the father of the bride instead of `the brides father

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(内容・状況などの)『分析』,分解;(詳細な)検討 / (化学・物理で)分析;《米》(心理学で)[精神]分析;(数学で)解析

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/02/25 07:05:56」(JST)

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A Venn diagram outlining and contrasting some aspects of the fields of bio-MEMS, lab-on-a-chip, μTAS.

A microarray is a multiplex lab-on-a-chip. It is a 2D array on a solid substrate (usually a glass slide or silicon thin-film cell) that assays large amounts of biological material using high-throughput screening miniaturized, multiplexed and parallel processing and detection methods. The concept and methodology of microarrays was first introduced and illustrated in antibody microarrays (also referred to as antibody matrix) by Tse Wen Chang in 1983 in a scientific publication^[1] and a series of patents.^[2] The "gene chip" industry started to grow significantly after the 1995 Science Paper by the Ron Davis and Pat Brown labs at Stanford University.^[3] With the establishment of companies, such as Affymetrix, Agilent, Applied Microarrays, Arrayit, Illumina, and others, the technology of DNA microarrays has become the most sophisticated and the most widely used, while the use of protein, peptide and carbohydrate microarrays^[4] is expanding.

Types of microarrays include:

DNA microarrays, such as cDNA microarrays, oligonucleotide microarrays, BAC microarrays and SNP microarrays
MMChips, for surveillance of microRNA populations
Protein microarrays
Peptide microarrays, for detailed analyses or optimization of protein–protein interactions
Tissue microarrays
Cellular microarrays (also called transfection microarrays)
Chemical compound microarrays
Antibody microarrays
Carbohydrate arrays (glycoarrays)
Phenotype microarrays
Reverse Phase Protein Microarrays, microarrays of lysates or serum
Interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (IRIS)

People in the field of CMOS biotechnology are developing new kinds of microarrays. Once fed magnetic nanoparticles, individual cells can be moved independently and simultaneously on a microarray of magnetic coils. A microarray of nuclear magnetic resonance microcoils is under development.^[5]

Notes

^ Tse-Wen Chang, TW (1983). "Binding of cells to matrixes of distinct antibodies coated on solid surface". Journal of Immunological Methods. 65 (1–2): 217–23. doi:10.1016/0022-1759(83)90318-6. PMID 6606681.
^ http://www.google.com/patents/US4591570; http://www.google.com/patents/US4829010; http://www.google.com/patents/US5100777.^{[full citation needed]}
^ Schena, M.; Shalon, D.; Davis, R. W.; Brown, P. O. (1995). "Quantitative Monitoring of Gene Expression Patterns with a Complementary DNA Microarray". Science. 270 (5235): 467–70. doi:10.1126/science.270.5235.467. PMID 7569999.
^ "Photogenerated glycan arrays identify immunogenic sugar moieties of Bacillus anthracis exosporium". Proteomics. 7 (2): 180–184. 2007. doi:10.1002/pmic.200600478.
^ Ham, Donhee; Westervelt, Robert M. (2007). "The silicon that Moves and Feels Small Living Things". IEEE Solid-State Circuits Newsletter. 12 (4): 4–9. doi:10.1109/N-SSC.2007.4785650.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 産科におけるアレイ比較ゲノムハイブリダイゼーション（aCGH）の利用 use of array comparative genomic hybridization acgh in obstetrics
2. 細胞遺伝学的および分子遺伝学的診断ツール cytogenetic and molecular genetic diagnostic tools
3. ゲノム疾患：概要 genomic disorders an overview
4. 異数性診断のための着床前遺伝子スクリーニング（PGS） preimplantation genetic screening pgs for aneuploidy
5. 小児における知的障害（精神遅滞）：評価 intellectual disability mental retardation in children evaluation

English Journal

Induction of Dopaminergic Neurons From Human Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell by Forskolin.

Paldino E, Cenciarelli C, Giampaolo A, Milazzo L, Pescatori M, Hassan HJ, Casalbore P.SourceInstitute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2014 Feb;229(2):232-44. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24442.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells differentiation ability toward neuronal fate. Human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJMSC) have been isolated from human umbilical cord of full-term births and characterized by flow cytometry analysis fo
PMID 23893793

Identification of staphylococcal species based on variations in protein sequences (mass spectrometry) and DNA sequence (sodA microarray).

Kooken J, Fox K, Fox A, Altomare D, Creek K, Wunschel D, Pajares-Merino S, Martínez-Ballesteros I, Garaizar J, Oyarzabal O, Samadpour M.SourceDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
Molecular and cellular probes.Mol Cell Probes.2014 Feb;28(1):41-50. doi: 10.1016/j.mcp.2013.10.003. Epub 2013 Oct 30.
This report is among the first using sequence variation in newly discovered protein markers for staphylococcal (or indeed any other bacterial) speciation. Variation, at the DNA sequence level, in the sodA gene (commonly used for staphylococcal speciation) provided excellent correlation. Relatedness
PMID 24184563

Cancer-related genes transcriptionally induced by the fungicide penconazole.

Perdichizzi S, Mascolo MG, Silingardi P, Morandi E, Rotondo F, Guerrini A, Prete L, Vaccari M, Colacci A.SourceCenter for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency - Emilia-Romagna Region (ER-EPA), Viale Filopanti 22, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA.Toxicol In Vitro.2014 Feb;28(1):125-30. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.06.006. Epub 2013 Jun 27.
Penconazole is a systemic triazole fungicide mainly used on grapes. The UE Maximum Residue Level (MRL) for penconazole is set at 0.2ppm in wine and grapes. In the aim of identifying potential biomarkers of exposure to penconazole and possibly highlighting its endocrine disrupting mode of action, we
PMID 23811263

Japanese Journal

Development of a practical NF1 genetic testing method through the pilot analysis of five Japanese families with neurofibromatosis type 1

Okumura Akiko,Ozaki Mamoru,Niida Yo
Brain and Development 37(7), 677-689, 2015-08-01
… Objective: Mutation analysis of NF1, the responsible gene for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), is still difficult due to its large size, lack of mutational hotspots, the presence of many pseudogenes, and its wide spectrum of mutations. … Also, we employed DNA microarray analysis to evaluate the break points of the large deletion. …
NAID 120005593951

Microarray Analysis for the Screening of Genes Inducible by Light or Low Temperature in Post-veraison Grape Berries

Azuma Akifumi,Fujii Hiroshi,Shimada Takehiko [他]
The horticulture journal 84(3), 214-226, 2015-07
NAID 40020524048

Mannose-recognition mutant of the galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine-specific C-type lectin CEL-I engineered by site-directed mutagenesis

Moriuchi Hiromi,Unno Hideaki,Goda Shuichiro,Tateno Hiroaki,Hirabayashi Jun,Hatakeyama Tomomitsu
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 1850(7), 1457-1465, 2015-07
… Methods Trp105 of EPN-CEL-I was replaced by a histidine residue using site-directed mutagenesis, and the binding affinity of the resulting mutant, EPNH-CEL-I, was examined by sugar-polyamidoamine dendrimer assay, isothermal titration calorimetry, and glycoconjugate microarray analysis. … Tertiary structure of the EPNH-CEL-I/mannose complex was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. …
NAID 120005611344