G-protein-coupled receptor kinase

Gタンパク質共役受容体キナーゼ

関

GRK

WordNet

1. link together; "can we couple these proposals?" (同)couple on, couple up
2. two items of the same kind (同)pair, twosome, twain, brace, span, yoke, couplet, distich, duo, duet, dyad, duad
3. a small indefinite number; "hes coming for a couple of days"
4. a pair of people who live together; "a married couple from Chicago" (同)mates, match
5. a pair who associate with one another; "the engaged couple"; "an inseparable twosome" (同)twosome, duo, duet
6. (physics) something joined by two equal and opposite forces that act along parallel lines
7. any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein"
8. a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response
9. a unit of force equal to the force exerted by gravity; used to indicate the force to which a body is subjected when it is accelerated (同)gee, g-force
10. an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a proenzyme to an active enzyme

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (同種類の物が)『2個』《+『of』+『名』》 / 『夫婦』,男女一組 / 《話》(…の)いくらか,少数《+『of』+『名』》 / …'を'『つなぎ合わせる』;(…に)…'を'連結する《+『名』+『to』(『with』)+『名』》 / …'を'(…と)関連づける《+『名』+『with』(『to』)+『名』》 / …'を'結婚させる,〈動物〉'を'つがわせる / 〈動物〉交尾する
2. 蛋白(たんばく)質
3. =sense organ / 受信装置

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/10/30 17:56:54」(JST)

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G protein-coupled receptor kinase
Crystal structure of G protein coupled receptor kinase 1 (GRK1) bound to ATP.
Identifiers
EC number	2.7.11.16
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology	AmiGO / EGO
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins

G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs, GPCRKs) are a family of protein kinases that regulate the activity of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by phosphorylating their intracellular domains after their associated G proteins have been released and activated.

The phosphorylated serine and threonine residues act as binding sites for arrestin proteins that prevent the reassociation of the G proteins with their receptors, thereby preventing reactivation of the signaling pathway.

GRKs regulate also cellular responses independent of their kinase activity. In particular, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 interacts with a diverse repertoire of non-GPCR substrates.

GRK1 is involved with Rhodopsin phosphorlylation and deactivation. Defects in GRK1 result in Oguchi disease 2.

Types of GRKs

Name	Notes	Gene	OMIM
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 1	Rhodopsin kinase	GRK1	180381
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	β-Adrenergic receptor kinase 1 (BARK1)	GRK2	109635
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3	β-Adrenergic receptor kinase 2 (BARK2)	GRK3	109636
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4	Has been associated with regulation of kidney tubule function	GRK4	137026
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5	Knockout mice have altered core body temperature	GRK5	600870
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6	Knockout mice are supersensitive to dopaminergics	GRK6	600869
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 7	Cone opsin kinase	GRK7	606987

See also

• Downregulation and upregulation
• G protein-coupled receptor
• Phosphorylation
• Protein kinase

References

Further reading

• Sobierajska K, Fabczak H, Fabczak S (2005). "Mechanisms of Regulation and Function of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases]". Postepy Biochemii (in Polish). 51 (4): 421–9. PMID 16676577. 
• Ribas C, Penela P, Murga C, Salcedo A, García-Hoz C, Jurado-Pueyo M, Aymerich I, Mayor F (April 2007). "The G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) interactome: role of GRKs in GPCR regulation and signaling". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1768 (4): 913–22. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.09.019. PMID 17084806. 
• Ma L, Gao J, Chen X (2005). "G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases". In Devi LA. The G Protein-Coupled Receptors Handbook (Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience). Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. ISBN 1-58829-365-3. 
• Kurose H (2000). "G Protein-Coupled Kinases and Desensitization of Receptors". In Bernstein G, Tatsuya H. G protein-coupled receptors. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-3384-9. 

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• G-protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein-1 mediates intima formation by regulating vascular smooth muscle proliferation, apoptosis, and migration.

• Pang J, Xu X, Wang X, Majumder S, Wang J, Korshunov VA, Berk BC.SourceAab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Box CVRI, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642. Jinjiang_pang@URMC.rochester.edu.
• Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol.2013 May;33(5):999-1005. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300966. Epub 2013 Feb 21.
• OBJECTIVE: The G-protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein-1 (GIT1) is a scaffold protein that is important for phospholipase Cγ and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling induced by angiotensin II and epidermal growth factor. Because GIT1 regulates signaling by several vascu
• PMID 23430614

• G protein-coupled receptors engage the mammalian Hippo pathway through F-actin: F-Actin, assembled in response to Galpha12/13 induced RhoA-GTP, promotes dephosphorylation and activation of the YAP oncogene.

• Regué L, Mou F, Avruch J.SourceDepartment of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology.Bioessays.2013 May;35(5):430-5. doi: 10.1002/bies.201200163. Epub 2013 Mar 1.
• The Hippo pathway, a cascade of protein kinases that inhibits the oncogenic transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ, was discovered in Drosophila as a major determinant of organ size in development. Known modes of regulation involve surface proteins that mediate cell-cell contact or determine epith
• PMID 23450633

• Cross-desensitization and cointernalization of h1 and h2 histamine receptors reveal new insights into histamine signal integration.

• Alonso N, Fernandez N, Notcovich C, Monczor F, Simaan M, Baldi A, Gutkind JS, Davio C, Shayo C.SourceInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Vta. de Obligado 2490 (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina. carinashayo@hotmail.com.
• Molecular pharmacology.Mol Pharmacol.2013 May;83(5):1087-98. doi: 10.1124/mol.112.083394. Epub 2013 Mar 5.
• G protein-coupled receptor signaling does not result from sequential activation of a linear pathway of proteins/enzymes, but rather from complex interactions of multiple, branched signaling routes, i.e., signaling networks. In this work we present an exhaustive study of the cross-talk between H1 and
• PMID 23462507

Japanese Journal

• Different phosphorylation rates among vertebrate cone visual pigments with different spectral sensitivities.

• Tsutsui Kei,Tachibanaki Shuji,Shimauchi-Matsukawa Yoshie,Shichida Yoshinori,Kawamura Satoru
• Biochemical and biophysical research communications 440(4), 630-634, 2013-11-01
• … Phosphorylation by G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) is essential for the rapid inactivation of light-activated visual pigment, which is the rate-limiting step of the cone photoresponse recovery in salamander. …
• NAID 120005353493

• Molecular properties of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

• HAGA Tatsuya
• Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B, Physical and Biological Sciences 89(6), 226-256, 2013-06
• NAID 40019673379

• Molecular properties of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

• HAGA Tatsuya
• Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B 89(6), 226-256, 2013
• … M1-M5 receptors are integral membrane proteins with seven transmembrane segments, bind with acetylcholine (ACh) in the extracellular phase, and thereafter interact with and activate GTP-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) in the intracellular phase: M1, M3, and M5 receptors interact with Gq-type G proteins, and M2 and M4 receptors with Gi/Go-type G proteins. … Activated G proteins initiate a number of intracellular signal transduction systems. …
• NAID 130003365120

Related Links

• G protein-coupled receptor kinase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs, GPCRKs) are a family of protein kinases which regulate the activity of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by phosphorylating their intracellular domains after their associated G proteins have been ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「GRK」「Gタンパク質共役受容体キナーゼ」
拡張検索	「G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 1」「G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 3」「G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 4」「G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 5」
関連記事	「couple」「kinase」「G」「G protein」「Gd」

「GRK」

　　[★]

Gタンパク質共役受容体キナーゼ

関

G-protein-coupled receptor kinase

関

G protein receptor kinase

「Gタンパク質共役受容体キナーゼ」

　　[★]

英

G-protein-coupled receptor kinase、GRK

-GRK

関

G protein receptor kinase

「G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 1」

　　[★]

Gタンパク質共役受容体キナーゼ1

関

GRK1、rhodopsin kinase

「G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 3」

　　[★]

Gタンパク質共役受容体キナーゼ3

関

GRK3

「G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 4」

　　[★]

Gタンパク質共役受容体キナーゼ4

関

GRK4

「G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 5」

　　[★]

Gタンパク質共役受容体キナーゼ5

関

GRK5

「couple」

　　[★]

• v.

• 共役する、連関する、結合する、カップルする、

• n.

• 一対

関

associate、association、bind、binding、bond、bonding、combine、conjoin、conjugate、conjugated、conjugation、conjunction、connect、connection、coupling、dock、doublet、engage、engagement、family characteristics、generation、household、join、ligate、linkage、pair、symphysial、union

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「kinase」

　　[★] キナーゼ カイネース リン酸化酵素 phosphoenzyme phosphotransferase 　

「G」

　　[★]

• グアニン guanine
• グアノシン guanosine
• グリシン glycine

　

「G protein」

　　[★]

同

G proteins

同

G proteins

「Gd」

　　[★]

同

ガドリニウム造影MRI