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the 7th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)g

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/07/30 10:54:00」(JST)

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Not to be confused with Guanine, Guanidine, or Guanfacine.

Guanosine is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N₉-glycosidic bond. Guanosine can be phosphorylated to become guanosine monophosphate (GMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), guanosine diphosphate (GDP), and guanosine triphosphate (GTP). These forms play important roles in various biochemical processes such as synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, photosynthesis, muscle contraction and intracellular signal transduction (cGMP). When guanine is attached by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of a deoxyribose ring it is known as deoxyguanosine.

The antiviral drug aciclovir, often used in herpes treatment, is structurally similar to guanosine.

Guanosine is required for an RNA splicing reaction in mRNA, when a "self-splicing" intron removes itself from the mRNA message by cutting at both ends, re-ligating, and leaving just the exons on either side to be translated into protein.^[1]

Guanosine with numbered carbons

References

^ Splicing (JPG)^{[dead link]}

UpToDate Contents

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1. 血友病患者における第VIIIおよび第IX因子阻害物質 factor viii and factor ix inhibitors in patients with hemophilia
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3. 乳酸アシドーシスにおける重炭酸療法 bicarbonate therapy in lactic acidosis
4. 続発性性腺機能低下を呈する男性における生殖能の誘導 induction of fertility in men with secondary hypogonadism
5. 薬理ゲノム学の概要 overview of pharmacogenomics

English Journal

Unconjugated bilirubin restricts oligodendrocyte differentiation and axonal myelination.

Barateiro A, Miron VE, Santos SD, Relvas JB, Fernandes A, Ffrench-Constant C, Brites D.SourceResearch Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
Molecular neurobiology.Mol Neurobiol.2013 Apr;47(2):632-44. doi: 10.1007/s12035-012-8364-8. Epub 2012 Oct 21.
High levels of serum unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) in newborns are associated with axonal damage and glial reactivity that may contribute to subsequent neurologic injury and encephalopathy (kernicterus). Impairments in myelination and white matter damage were observed at autopsy in kernicteric infant
PMID 23086523

The vasorelaxant effects of 1-nitro-2-phenylethane involve stimulation of the soluble guanylate cyclase-cGMP pathway.

Brito TS, Lima FJ, Aragão KS, de Siqueira RJ, Sousa PJ, Maia JG, Filho JD, Lahlou S, Magalhães PJ.SourceDepartamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Biochemical pharmacology.Biochem Pharmacol.2013 Mar 15;85(6):780-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.12.012. Epub 2012 Dec 24.
1-Nitro-2-phenylethane is the first organic NO(2)-containing molecule isolated from plants. It possesses interesting hypotensive, bradycardic, and vasodilator properties, but the mode by which it induces vasorelaxation is still unknown. The underlying mechanism involved in the vasodilator effect of
PMID 23270994

Natriuretic peptides induce weak VASP phosphorylation at Serine 239 in platelets.

Borgognone A, Lowe KL, Watson SP, Madhani M.SourceCentre for Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.
Platelets.Platelets.2013 Mar 7. [Epub ahead of print]
Cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophoshate (cGMP) is the common second messenger for the cardiovascular effects of nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NP; e.g. atrial NP [ANP]), which activate soluble and particulate guanylyl cyclases, respectively. The role of NO in regulating cGMP and platelet fu
PMID 23469931

Japanese Journal

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 protects against anaphylactic shock through suppression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in mice

Cui Hong,Okamoto Yasuo,Yoshioka Kazuaki,Du Wa,Takuwa Noriko,Zhang Wei,Asano Masahide,Shibamoto Toshishige,Takuwa Yoh
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 132(5), 1205-1214, 2013-11
… Consistently, PAF-induced increase in cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels in the aorta was enhanced in S1pr-null mice. …
NAID 120005349160

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 protects against anaphylactic shock through suppression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in mice

Cui Hong,Okamoto Yasuo,Yoshioka Kazuaki,Du Wa,Takuwa Noriko,Zhang Wei,Asano Masahide,Shibamoto Toshishige,Takuwa Yoh
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 132(5), 1205-1214, 2013-11
… Consistently, PAF-induced increase in cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels in the aorta was enhanced in S1pr-null mice. …
NAID 120005327252

27aDF-1 SiOH基板に支持されたグアノシン薄膜における表面モルフォロジーと水和反応のその場観察(分子性個体・高圧物性,領域7(分子性個体・有機導体))

昆田栄二,大野慶貴,志摩祐介,高橋功
日本物理学会講演概要集 68(2-4), 763, 2013-08-26
NAID 110009756103

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「G」「グアノシン」
拡張検索	「deoxyguanosine monophosphate」「guanosine monophosphate」「guanosine diphosphate sugar」

「G」

Guanosine
	IUPAC name 2-Amino-9-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3H-purin-6-one
	Other names Guanine riboside
Identifiers
CAS number	118-00-3
PubChem	765
ChemSpider	6544
UNII	12133JR80S
DrugBank	DB02857
KEGG	C00387
MeSH	Guanosine
ChEBI	CHEBI:16750
ChEMBL	CHEMBL375655
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES c1nc2c(=O)[nH]c(nc2n1[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)N ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C10H13N5O5/c11-10-13-7-4(8(19)14-10)12-2-15(7)9-6(18)5(17)3(1-16)20-9/h2-3,5-6,9,16-18H,1H2,(H3,11,13,14,19)/t3-,5-,6-,9-/m1/s1 ; Key: NYHBQMYGNKIUIF-UUOKFMHZSA-N InChI=1/C10H13N5O5/c11-10-13-7-4(8(19)14-10)12-2-15(7)9-6(18)5(17)3(1-16)20-9/h2-3,5-6,9,16-18H,1H2,(H3,11,13,14,19)/t3-,5-,6-,9-/m1/s1; Key: NYHBQMYGNKIUIF-UUOKFMHZBU ;
Properties
Molecular formula	C10H13N5O5
Molar mass	283.241
	(verify) (what is: /?); Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
	Infobox references