worms

worm

WordNet

1. slender yellow-flowered European mustard often troublesome as a weed; formerly used as an anthelmintic (同)Erysimum cheiranthoides
2. rank-smelling tropical American pigweed (同)Mexican tea, Spanish tea, wormseed, Chenopodium_ambrosioides
3. a source of unpredictable trouble and complexity
4. any of numerous relatively small elongated soft-bodied animals especially of the phyla Annelida and Chaetognatha and Nematoda and Nemertea and Platyhelminthes; also many insect larvae
5. screw thread on a gear with the teeth of a worm wheel or rack
6. a person who has a nasty or unethical character undeserving of respect (同)louse, insect, dirt ball
7. a software program capable of reproducing itself that can spread from one computer to the next over a network; "worms take advantage of automatic file sending and receiving features found on many computers"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉(細長く柔らかい)『虫』(毛虫・うじ虫・ミミズ・回虫など) / 〈C〉(形・動きが)ミミズなどに似たもの,(いも虫状の)ねじのらせん / 〈C〉虫けらのような人間;哀れな(下劣な)人 / 《複数形で;単数扱い》寄生虫病 / (虫のように)体をくねらせて進む / …から寄生虫を駆除する

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/10 16:26:38」(JST)

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Worms
Nibelungen Bridge over the Rhine at Worms
Coat of arms
Worms
Coordinates: 49°37′55″N 08°21′55″E
Country	Germany
State	Rhineland-Palatinate
District	Urban district
Government
• Lord Mayor	Michael Kissel (SPD)
Area
• Total	108.73 km2 (41.98 sq mi)
Population (2011-12-31)
• Total	81,967
• Density	750/km2 (2,000/sq mi)
Time zone	CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes	67501–67551
Dialling codes	06241, 06242, 06246, 06247
Vehicle registration	WO
Website	www.worms.de

Reconstructed Cathedral of Worms

Town hall of Worms

Worms [vɔʁms] is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Rhine River about 60 kilometres (40 mi) south-southwest of Frankfurt-am-Main. At the end of 2004, it had 85,829 inhabitants.

Established by the Celts, who called it Borbetomagus, Worms today remains embattled with the cities Trier and Cologne over the title of "Oldest City in Germany." Worms is the only German member of the Most Ancient European Towns Network.

Worms is one of the major sites where the ancient German Nibelungenlied took place. A multimedia Nibelungenmuseum was opened in 2001, and a yearly festival right in front of the Dom, the Cathedral of Worms, attempts to recapture the atmosphere of the pre-Christian period.

Worms also played prominently into the Protestant Reformation in the early sixteenth century, the site of Martin Luther's stand before the 1521 Diet of Worms, and also the birthplace of the first Bibles of the Reformation, German and English.

Today, the city is an industrial centre and is famed for the original "Liebfrauenstift-Kirchenstück" epotoponym for the Liebfraumilch wine. Other industries include chemicals and metal goods.

Etymology

Worms' name is of Celtic origin: Borbetomagus meant "settlement in a watery area". This was eventually transformed into the Latin name Vormatia that had been in use since the 6th century, which was preserved in the Medieval Hebrew form Vermayza (ורמיזא) and contemporary Polish form Wormacja. Many fanciful variant names for Worms exist only upon the title pages of books printed when Worms was an early centre of printing.

Geography

Geographic location

Worms is located on the west bank of the Rhine River in between the cities of Ludwigshafen and Mainz. On the northern edge of town the Pfrimm flows into the Rhine, and on the southern edge of the city the Eisbach, or "Ice Stream" in English, flows into the Rhine.

Boroughs of Worms

Worms has 13 boroughs (or "Quarters") that surround the city center. They are as follows:

Name	Population	Distance from Worms city center
Abenheim	2.744	Northwest of City Center (10 km)
Heppenheim	2.073	Southwest of City Center (9 km)
Herrnsheim	6.368	North of City Center (5 km)
Hochheim	3.823	Northwest of City Center
Horchheim	4.770	Southwest of City Center (4.5 km)
Ibersheim	692	North of City Center (13 km)
Leiselheim	1.983	West of City Center (4 km)
Neuhausen	10.633	North of City Center
Pfeddersheim	7.414	West of City Center (7 km)
Pfiffligheim	3.668	West of City Center
Rheindürkheim	3.021	North of City Center (8 km)
Weinsheim	2.800	Southwest of City Center (4 km)
Wiesoppenheim	1.796	South West of City Center (5.5 km)

Climate

The climate in the Rhine River Valley is very temperate in the winter time and quite enjoyable in the summertime. Rainfall is below average for the surrounding areas. Snow accumulation in the winter is very low and often melts within a short period of time.

History

Imperial City of Worms Reichsstadt Worms
Free Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire
← 11th century–1789 →
Capital		Not specified
Government		Republic
Historical era		Middle Ages
-	City founded	before 14 BCE
-	Gained Reichsfreiheit	between 1074 and 1184 11th century
-	Concordat of Worms	1122
-	Reichstag concluded     Imperial Reform	1495
-	Diet of Worms:     Martin Luther banned	1521
-	Sacked by French during     War of Grand Alliance	1689
-	Occupied by France	1789–1816 1789
-	Awarded to Hesse	1816

Jewish Cemetery "Heiliger Sand".

Heylshof Garden.

Vineyards.

Map of Worms in 1630. The Jewish Ghetto is marked in yellow.

Celts and Romans

The city has existed since before Roman times, when it was captured and fortified by the Romans under Drusus in 14 BCE. From that time, a small troop of infantry and cavalry were garrisoned in Augusta Vangionum; this gave the settlement its Romanized but originally Celtic name Borbetomagus. The garrison developed into a small town with the regularized Roman street plan, a forum, and temples for the main gods Jupiter, Juno, Minerva (upon whose temple was built the cathedral) and Mars.

St Martin's Church.

Roman inscriptions and altars and votive offerings can be seen in the archaeological museum, along with one of Europe's largest collections of Roman glass. Local potters worked in the south quarter of the town. Fragments of amphoras show that the olive oil they contained had come from Hispania Baetica, doubtless by sea and then up the Rhine. At Borbetomagus, Gunther king of the Burgundians, set himself up as puppet-emperor, the unfortunate Jovinus, during the disorders of 411–13. The city became the chief city of the first kingdom of the Burgundians, who left few remains; however, a belt clasp from Worms-Abenheim is a museum treasure. They were overwhelmed in 437 by Hun mercenaries called in by the Roman general Aëtius to put an end to Burgundian raids, in an epic disaster that provided the source for the Nibelungenlied.

Middle Ages

Worms was a Roman Catholic bishopric since at least 614 with an earlier mention in 346. In the Frankish Empire, the city was the location of an important palatinate of Charlemagne (Karl der Grosse), who built one of his many administrative palaces here. The bishops administered the city and its territory. The most famous of the early medieval bishops was Burchard of Worms.

Worms Cathedral (Wormser Dom), dedicated to St Peter, is one of the finest examples of Romanesque architecture in Germany. Alongside the nearby Romanesque cathedrals of Speyer and Mainz, it is one of the so-called Kaiserdome (Imperial Cathedrals). Some parts in early Romanesque style from the 10th century still exist, while most parts are from the 11th and 12th century, with some later additions in Gothic style (see the external links below for pictures).

Four other Romanesque churches as well as the Romanesque old city fortification still exist, making the city Germany's second in Romanesque architecture only to Cologne.

Golden Age

Worms prospered in the High Middle Ages. Having received far-reaching privileges from King Henry IV (later Emperor Henry III) as early as 1074, the city later became a Reichsstadt, being independent of a local territory and responsible only to the Emperor himself. As a result, Worms was the site of several important events in the history of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1122 the Concordat of Worms was signed; in 1495, a Reichstag concluded here made an attempt at reforming the disintegrating Imperial Circle Estates of the Reichsreform (Imperial Reform). Most important, among more than a hundred Imperial Diets held at Worms, the Reichstag of 1521 (commonly known as the Diet of Worms) ended with the Edict of Worms in which Martin Luther was declared a heretic after refusing to recant his religious beliefs. Worms was also the birthplace of the first Bibles of the Reformation, both Martin Luther's German Bible, and William Tyndale's first complete English New Testament by 1526.

Modern era

In 1689 during the Nine Years' War, Worms (like the nearby towns and cities of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Oppenheim, Speyer and Bingen) was sacked by troops of King Louis XIV of France, though the French only held the city for a few weeks. In 1743 the Treaty of Worms was signed, ending the Second Silesian war between Prussia and Austria. In 1792 the city was occupied by troops of the French First Republic during the French Revolutionary Wars. The Bishopric of Worms was secularized in 1801, with the city being annexed into the First French Empire. In 1815 Worms passed to the Grand Duchy of Hesse in accordance with the Congress of Vienna and subsequently administered within Rhenish Hesse.

After the Battle of the Bulge, Allied Armies advanced into the Rhineland in preparation for a planned massive assault across the Rhine into the heart of the Reich. Worms was a German strong point in the southern Rhineland on the West bank of the Rhine and the German forces there resisted the Allied advance tenaciously. Worms was thus heavily bombed by the Royal Air Force during the last few months of World War II — in two attacks, on Feb. 21 and March 18, 1945. A post-war survey estimated that 39 per cent of the town's developed area was destroyed. The RAF attack on Feb. 21 was aimed at the main train station, on the edge of the inner city, and at chemical plants southwest of the inner city. The attack, however, also destroyed large areas of the city center. The attack was carried out by 334 bombers that in a few minutes rained 1,100 tons of bombs on the inner city. The Worms Cathedral was among the buildings set afire in the resulting conflagration. The Americans did not enter the city until the Rhine crossings began after the seizure of the Remagen Bridge.

In the attacks, 239 inhabitants were killed and 35,000 (60 percent of the population of 58,000) were rendered homeless. A total of 6,490 buildings were severely damaged or destroyed. After the war, the inner city was rebuilt, mostly in modern style. Postwar, Worms became part of the new state of Rhineland-Palatinate; the borough Rosengarten, on the east bank of the Rhine, was lost to Hesse.

Judaism in Worms

The city, known in Medieval Hebrew under the name Varmayza or Vermaysa (ורמיזא, ורמישא), is known as a former center of Ashkenazic Judaism. The Jewish community was established in the late 10th century, and the first synagogue was erected in 1034. In 1096, 800 Jews were murdered by crusaders and the local mob. The Jewish Cemetery in Worms, dating from the 11th century, is believed to be the oldest surviving in situ in Europe. The Rashi Synagogue, which dates from 1175 and was carefully reconstructed after its desecration on Kristallnacht, is the oldest in Germany. Prominent students, rabbis and scholars of Worms include Shlomo Yitzhaki (Rashi) who studied with R. Yizhak Halevi sgan haleviya, Elazar Rokeach, Maharil and Yair Bacharach. At the Rabbinical Synod held at Worms at the turn of the 11th century, rabbi Gershom ben Judah (Rabbeinu Gershom) explicitly prohibited polygamy for the first time.

For hundreds of years, uninterrupted, the Jewish Quarter was the centre of Jewish life until Kristallnacht in 1938, when much of the Jewish Quarter was destroyed. Worms today has only a very small Jewish population, and a recognizable Jewish community as such no longer exists. However, after renovations in the 1970s and 1980s, many of the buildings of the Quarter can be seen in a close-to-original state, preserved as an outdoor museum.

In 2010 the synagogue was fire bombed. Eight corners of the building were set ablaze, and a Molotov cocktail was thrown at a window. There were no injuries. However Kurt Beck, Minister-President of Rhineland-Palatinate, condemned the attack and vowed to mobilize all necessary resources to find the perpetrators saying, "We will not tolerate such an attack on a synagogue".

Main sights

• The reconstructed (1886–1935)^{[citation needed]} new-Romanesque Cathedral, dedicated to St Peter (12th-13th century)
• St Paul’s Church (Pauluskirche) (13th century)
• St Andrew’s Collegiate Church (Andreaskirche) (13th century)
• St Martin’s Church (Martinskirche) (13th century)
• Liebfrauenkirche (15th century)
• Luther Monument (Lutherdenkmal) (1868) (designed by Ernst Rietschel)
• Rashi Synagogue
• Jewish Museum in the Rashi-House
• Jewish Cemetery
• Nibelungen Museum, celebrating the Middle High German epic poem Das Nibelungenlied (The Song of the Nibelungs)

International relations

Worms' twin towns

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Twin towns — Sister cities

Worms is twinned with:

Auxerre, France Bautzen, Germany Mobile, United States

Parma, Italy St Albans, United Kingdom Tiberias, Israel

Other relations

• Most Ancient European Towns Network

Notable citizens

• Saint Erentrude, or Erentraud, (~650 in Worms –710) is a virgin saint of the Roman Catholic Church
• Heribert of Cologne, born ~ 970 in Worms, Archbishop of Cologne and Chancellor of the Ottoman Empıre.
• Rabbi Meir of Rothenburg, German rabbi and poet, a major author of the tosafot on Rashi's commentary on the Talmud
• Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki (Rashi), who studied in the Worms Yeshiva in 1065 to 1070
• Samuel Adler, a noted Reform rabbi, was born in Worms
• Curtis Bernhardt, German film director
• Hans Diller (1905–1977), German classical scholar specializing in Ancient Greek medicine
• Ludwig Edinger, German anatomist and neurologist
• Hans Folz born 1435/1440 in Worms, a notable medieval German author
• Friedrich Gernsheim, German composer, conductor and pianist
• Petra Gerster, German television journalist
• Hanya Holm, born 1893, choreographer, dancer, educator and one of the founders of American Modern Dance
• Richard Hildebrandt, born 1897, politician in Nazi Germany and member of the Reichstag
• Timo Hildebrand, German national footballer, born in Worms
• Vladimir Kagan, born 1927 in Worms, furniture designer
• Johann Nikolaus Götz, poet from Worms
• Hermann Staudinger, born 16 August 1889 in Worms, chemist who demonstrated the existence of macromolecules which he characterized as polymers
• Hugo Sinzheimer, German legal scholar, member of the Constitutional Convention of 1919
• Rudi Stephan, German composer
• Ida Straus, wife of Isidor Straus, co-owner of the Macy's department store, and famously loyal to her husband on board the RMS Titanic
• Emil Stumpp, cartoonist, died in jail after doing an unflattering portrait of Adolf Hitler

References

Further reading

• Roemer, Nils H. German City, Jewish Memory: The Story of Worms (Brandeis University Press, 2010) ISBN 978-1-58465-922-8 online review

External links

• The Official website of the city of Worms (English)
• Nibelungenmuseum website (English)
• wormser-dom.de, website of the Worms Cathedral with pictures (German) (click on the "Bilder" link in the left panel)
• Wormatia, the famous football club of Worms (German)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 腸管条虫 intestinal tapeworms
• 2. 蟯虫症および鞭虫症 enterobiasis pinworm and trichuriasis whipworm
• 3. 集団寄生虫駆除 population deworming
• 4. 鉤虫感染 hookworm infection
• 5. 回虫症 ascariasis

English Journal

• Physiological control of germline development.

• Hubbard EJ, Korta DZ, Dalfó D.SourceSkirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, and Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA, jane.hubbard@med.nyu.edu.
• Advances in experimental medicine and biology.Adv Exp Med Biol.2013;757:101-31.
• The intersection between developmental programs and environmental conditions that alter physiology is a growing area of research interest. The C. elegans germ line is emerging as a particularly sensitive and powerful model for these studies. The germ line is subject to environmentally regulated diap
• PMID 22872476

• Prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in humans and fish in Kratie Province, Cambodia.

• Sohn WM, Yong TS, Eom KS, Pyo KH, Lee MY, Lim H, Choe S, Jeong HG, Sinuon M, Socheat D, Chai JY.SourceDepartment of Parasitology and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: wmsohn@gnu.ac.kr.
• Acta tropica.Acta Trop.2012 Dec;124(3):215-20. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.08.011. Epub 2012 Aug 20.
• Opisthorchis viverrini is a medically important foodborne parasite in the Indochina Peninsula. In Cambodia, the prevalence of this trematode has been reported in Takeo Province, but not in other areas. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of O. viverrini infection among people in seven ripa
• PMID 22935318

Japanese Journal

• As You Like It におけるRosalindのmelancholy

• 村上 世津子,Murakami Setsuko
• 新潟工科大学研究紀要 (17), 95-105, 2012-12
• … The following lines are most indicative: “Men have died from time to time and worms have eaten them, but not for love”(4.1.97-99). …
• NAID 120005207761

• 齋藤報恩会博物館から移管された古い時代のミミズ類標本(貧毛類,フトミミズ科)について

• Blakemore Robert J.
• Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology 38(3), 95-124, 2012-08
• NAID 40019531057

Related Links

• Worms

offizielle Site der Stadt. Mit Informationen über Wirtschaft, Museen, Sehenswürdigkeiten, Geschichte und Stadtverwaltung, einem Ämterführer, Angaben zu Vereinen, Kirchen und Sozialeinrichtungen, Bildungsstätten, Freizeitmöglichkeiten, ...

• WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Cumacea

Authority, Krøyer, 1846. Status, accepted. Record status, Checked by Taxonomic Editor: included in ERMS 1.1. Rank, Order. Parent, Peracarida. Sources, basis of record: Brusca, R.C.; Brusca, G.J. (1990). Invertebrates. Sinauer Associates: ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「蠕虫」
拡張検索	「pinworms」「tapeworms」「flatworms」
関連記事	「worm」

「蠕虫」

　　[★]

英

helminth, worms

ラ

helminthen

関

微生物学、蠕虫症、家畜伝染病予防法

蠕虫類

• 吸虫類 trematoda
• 条虫類 cestoda
• 線虫類 nematoda
• 鉤頭虫類 acanthocephala

蠕虫類と感染症

蠕虫類	病原体名		病名	感染経路	寄生部位	症状	診断	治療
線虫類	Ancylostoma duodenale	ズビニ鉤虫	鈎虫症/十二指腸虫症	F型幼虫経口感染、経皮	空腸上部	皮膚炎、若菜病、貧血	飽和食塩水浮遊法、遠心沈降法	pyrantel pamoate、鉄剤
	Necator americanus	アメリカ鉤虫
	Strongyloides stercoralis	糞線虫	糞線虫症	F型幼虫経皮感染	小腸上部	Loffler症候群	糞便塗沫、普通寒天平板培養による R型、F型幼虫の検出	thiabendazole, ivermectin
	Enterobius vermicularis	蟯虫	蟯虫症	虫卵経口感染	盲腸～大腸	夜間の掻痒、不眠、情緒不安定	肛囲検査法「柿の種」	pyrantel pamoate
	Ascaris lumbricoides	回虫	回虫症	虫卵経口感染	小腸孵化→門脈→ 肺発育→食道嚥下→小腸	Loffler症候群。急性腹痛	糞便虫の虫卵の証明	pyrantel pamoate
	Toxocara canis	イヌ回虫	幼虫移行症	生後1-2ヶ月の感染犬の 糞から経口感染	なし	幼虫移行症→失明	免疫診断	治療法無し？
	Wuchereria bancrofti	バンクロフト糸状虫	フィラリア症/糸状虫症	アカイエカ	リンパ系	急性期：リンパ肝炎、リンパ腺炎を伴う熱発作(filarial fever) 慢性期：乳糜尿、リンパ管瘤、陰嚢水腫、象皮病	急性期：夜間のmicrofilariaの検出 慢性期：特有の症状を考慮	diethylcarbamazine & ivermectin
	Brugia malayi	マレー糸状虫
	Dirofilaria immitis	イヌ糸状虫		アカイエカ	なし	幼虫移行症→肺血管閉塞→胸部X線画像銭形陰影
	Gnathostoma spinigerum	有棘顎口虫	顎口虫症	ドジョウ、雷魚、ヘビの生食		消化管壁貫通→皮下移動による腫瘤や線状皮膚炎	移動性腫瘤、皮膚爬行疹 雷魚やドジョウの生殖の問診 免疫血清診断	なし
	Gnathostoma hispidum	剛棘顎口虫
	Gnathostoma doloresi	ドロレス顎口虫
	Gnathostoma nipponicum	日本顎口虫
	Anisakis simplex, larva	アニキサス幼虫	アニサキス症 (1)胃アニサキス症、 (2)腸アニサキス症、 (3)異所性アニサキス症	経口感染 終宿主：クジラ、イルカ。 中間宿主：オキアミ。 待機宿主：サバ、ニシン、アジ、タラなど	胃や腸	(1)急激な上腹部痛"胃けいれん" (2)腹痛、急性虫垂炎、イレウス様。劇症型と緩和型がある (3)腹腔内の炎症性肉芽腫	胃内視鏡検査	内視鏡による虫体摘出
	Pseudoterranova decipiens
	Trichinella spiralis	旋毛虫	旋毛虫症	経口感染 豚肉、クマ肉の生食		(1)成虫侵襲期：下痢、腹痛 (2)幼虫筋肉移行期：顔面浮腫、心筋障害など (3)幼虫被嚢期：全身浮腫、衰弱		急性期：ステロイド 殺虫：mebendazole
			鞭虫症		盲腸	慢性下痢、腹痛、異食症、貧血	セロファン重層塗沫法、 ホルマリンエーテル法	mebendazole
	Spirurin nematode larva	旋尾線虫	旋尾線虫幼虫	ホタルイカの生食	なし	皮膚爬行疹、イレウス様症状	予防：-30℃24時間。 生食には-30℃4日間以上	摘出
吸虫類	Shistosoma japonicum	日本住血吸虫	日本住血吸虫症	糞便虫の虫卵→ミラシジウム→ ミヤイリガイ体内でセルカリア→ 人畜の皮膚より浸入→循環系→ 門脈に寄生	門脈	(1)潜伏期：侵入部の掻痒性皮膚炎。肺移行期：咳、発熱 (2)急性期：虫卵の門脈系寄生、産卵。住血吸虫性赤痢。 (3)慢性期：虫卵の肝、脳などの塞栓。肝硬変。脾腫、腹水	糞便虫の虫卵の検出。 直腸粘膜層掻爬法、 肝穿刺による組織内虫卵の検出。 補助診断として免疫血清学的検査。	praziquantel
	Paragonimus westermani	ウェステルマン肺吸虫	肺吸虫症/肺ジストマ症	経口感染 淡水産のカニ、イノシシ肉の生食	肺	痰、咳、胸痛、時に喀血	痰や便の虫卵検査、 胸部写真、 断層写真で明らかな虫嚢。 免疫学血清検査
	Paragonimus miyazakii	宮崎肺吸虫			肺	気胸、胸水貯留、膿胸、好酸球増加		praziquantel
	Clonorchis sinensis	肝吸虫	肝吸虫症/肝ジストマ症	経口感染 虫卵→(マメタニシ:セルカリア)→ セルカリア→(魚:メタセルカリア)→ 摂取→(ヒト:成虫)→虫卵	胆管	胆汁流出障害による肝障害→肝硬変	糞便、胆汁(十二指腸ゾンデ法)。 肝吸虫卵の検出。CT像。エコー検査。	praziquantel
			横川吸虫症	淡水魚(アユ、フナ、ウグイ、シラウオ)の生食	小腸粘膜	下痢、腹痛	糞便虫の虫卵	praziquantel
条虫類	Taeniarhynchus saginatus	無鉤条虫	腸管条虫症	経口感染。中間宿主：ウシ	小腸	無症状。下痢。 広節裂頭条虫感染では悪性貧血。	糞便虫の虫卵と体節により診断	praziquantel。 有鉤条虫の場合はガストログラフィン。 有鉤条虫の駆虫の際、 虫体を破壊しない →虫体の融解による嚢虫症
	Taenia solium	有鉤条虫		経口感染。中間宿主：ブタ
	Diphyllobothrium latum	広節裂頭条虫		経口感染。中間宿主：サケ、マス
		日本海裂頭条虫		経口感染。中間宿主：サケ
			腸管外条虫症
			有鉤嚢虫症	有鉤条虫の虫卵の経口摂取	皮下、筋肉内 脳、脊髄、眼球	皮下、筋肉内：小指頭大の無症状腫瘤 脳、脊髄、眼球：Jacksonてんかん。痙性麻痺など	皮下の虫嚢	外科的摘出。 成虫寄生がなければ、praziquantel, albendazole + ステロイド
	Echinococcus granulosus	単包虫	包虫症/ エキノコックス症 (単包虫症)	終宿主：イヌ、キツネなど。 中間宿主：ヒト、ブタ、野ネズミなど。 終宿主の糞便虫の虫卵を中間宿主が接種して発症	肝、肺、まれに脳、腎、筋肉	肝寄生：肝部疼痛、満腹、時に黄疸、下肢浮腫 肺寄生：胸部圧迫感、胸痛、咳、血痰、時に喀血	肝や肺の嚢胞形成から疑う。 早期に診断に皮内反応→ CT、エコー→ 生検。免疫血清学的診断法	外科的切除。 albendazoleの長期投与
	Echinococcus multilocularis	多包虫	包虫症/ エキノコックス症 (多包虫症)

「pinworms」

　　[★]

関

enterobiasis

関

enterobiasis

「tapeworms」

　　[★] 条虫類

関

Cestodes, Flukes

「flatworms」

　　[★]

関

flukes

関

flukes

「worm」

　　[★]

• n.

• (蠕虫や寄生虫など)虫、寄生虫

関

bug、parasite、parasitic、parasitic worm、vermin