Chenopodium ambrosioides

ケアリタソウ

WordNet

1. goosefoot; pigweed (同)genus Chenopodium

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/09/21 09:24:58」(JST)

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Epazote
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Core eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Amaranthaceae
Subfamily:	Chenopodioideae
Tribe:	Dysphanieae
Genus:	Dysphania
Species:	D. ambrosioides
Binomial name
Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants
Synonyms
Chenopodium ambrosioides, Chenopodium ambrosiodes

Epazote, wormseed, Jesuit's tea, Mexican tea, Paico or Herba Sancti Mariæ (Dysphania ambrosioides, formerly Chenopodium ambrosioides) is an herb native to Central America, South America, and southern Mexico.

Growth

It is an annual or short-lived perennial plant, growing to 1.2 m tall, irregularly branched, with oblong-lanceolate leaves up to 12 cm long. The flowers are small and green, produced in a branched panicle at the apex of the stem.

As well as in its native areas, it is grown in warm temperate to subtropical areas of Europe and the United States (Missouri, New England, Eastern United States), sometimes becoming an invasive weed.

Etymology

The common Spanish name, epazote (sometimes spelled and pronounced ipasote or ypasote), is derived from Nahuatl: epazōtl (pronounced [eˈpasoːt͡ɬ]).

Usage

Culinary uses

Epazote is used as a leaf vegetable and herb for its pungent flavor. Raw, it has a resinous, medicinal pungency, similar to anise, fennel, or even tarragon, but stronger. Epazote's fragrance is strong but difficult to describe. It has been compared to citrus, savory, or mint.

Although it is traditionally used with black beans for flavor and its carminative properties, it is also sometimes used to flavor other traditional Mexican dishes as well: it can be used to season quesadillas and sopes (especially those containing huitlacoche), soups, mole de olla, tamales with cheese and chile, chilaquiles, eggs and potatoes and enchiladas.

Medicinal uses

Epazote is commonly believed to prevent flatulence caused by eating beans and is therefore used to season them. It is also used in the treatment of amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, malaria, chorea, hysteria, catarrh, and asthma.

Although it is used as an anti-cancer herb,^{[citation needed]} and some of its chemical constituents have been shown in the laboratory to affect certain cancer cell lines, it has also been reported to be highly carcinogenic in rats. A Nigerian group, however, concluded in 2007 that it is neither mutagenic nor cytotoxic.

Oil of chenopodium is derived from this plant. It is antihelminthic,^{[citation needed]} that is, it kills intestinal worms, and was once listed for this use in the US Pharmacopeia. It is also cited as an antispasmodic and abortifacient.^{[citation needed]}

Epazote essential oil contains ascaridole (up to 70%), limonene, p-cymene, and smaller amounts of numerous other monoterpenes and monoterpene derivatives (α-pinene, myrcene, terpinene, thymol, camphor and trans-isocarveol). Ascaridole (1,4-peroxido-p-menth-2-ene) is rather an uncommon constituent of spices; another plant owing much of its character to this monoterpene peroxide is boldo. Ascaridole is toxic and has a pungent, not very pleasant flavor; in pure form, it is an explosive sensitive to shock. Allegedly, ascaridole content is lower in epazote from Mexico than in epazote grown in Europe or Asia.

Agricultural use

The essential oils of Epazote contain Terpene compounds, some of which have natural pesticide capabilities. The company AgraQuest Inc. of Davis, California, synthetically manufactures a proprietary blend of identical compounds for use in their agricultural pesticide product Requiem. It is not licensed for residential use.

Companion plant

Epazote not only contains terpene compounds, also delivers partial protection to nearby plants simply by masking their scent to some insects, making it a useful companion plant. Its small flowers may also attract some predatory wasps and flies.

References

External links

• Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages
• Treating Livestock with Medicinal Plants: Beneficial or Toxic? Chenopodium ambrosioides
• Tropical Plant database: Chenopodium ambrosioides
• Flora of North America
• Chenopodium ambrosioides anthelminticum (L.) A. Gray

English Journal

• Antileishmanial activity of essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides and its main components against experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice.

• Monzote L1, Pastor J2, Scull R3, Gille L4.
• Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology.Phytomedicine.2014 Jul-Aug;21(8-9):1048-52. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.03.002. Epub 2014 Apr 24.
• Chenopodium ambrosioides have been used during centuries by native people to treat parasitic diseases.AIMS OF THE STUDY: To compare the in vivo anti-leishmanial activity of the essential oil (EO) from C. ambrosioides and its major components (ascaridole, carvacrol and caryophyllene oxide).MATERIALS
• PMID 24768411

• Acute and Sub-Chronic Toxicity of Aqueous Extracts of Chenopodium ambrosioides Leaves in Rats.

• da Silva MG1, Amorim RN, Câmara CC, Fontenele Neto JD, Soto-Blanco B.
• Journal of medicinal food.J Med Food.2014 Jun 3. [Epub ahead of print]
• Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of aqueous extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides leaves. To measure acute toxicity, rats were administered 0, 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 g/kg of aqueous extract from C. ambrosioides leaves by gavage. To analyze sub-chronic toxicity, rats were treated b
• PMID 24892475

• Hypotensive property of Chenopodium ambrosioides in anesthetized normotensive rats.

• Assaidi A, Legssyer A, Berrichi A, Aziz M, Mekhfi H, Bnouham M, Ziyyat A.
• Journal of complementary & integrative medicine.J Complement Integr Med.2014 Feb 20;11:1-7. doi: 10.1515/jcim-2013-0045.
• BACKGROUND: The leaves of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Chenopodiaceae) are widely used in Moroccan traditional medicine to treat diabetes and hypertension. The goal of the present work is to investigate the hypotensive properties of different extract and fractions of the plant in anesthetized normot
• PMID 24552968

Japanese Journal

• Monoterpene hydroperoxides with trypanocidal activity from Chenopodium ambrosioides

• KIUCHI F.
• J. Nat. Prod. 65, 509-512, 2002
• NAID 80015313074

• Ascaridole as a Pharmacologically Active Principle of "Paico", a Medicinal Peruvian Plant

• 奥山 恵美,梅山 一大,斎藤 由紀恵,山崎 幹夫,佐竹 元吉
• Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin 41(7), 1309-1311, 1993-07-15
• … "Paico, " Chenopodium ambrosioides L., is a traditional Peruvian medicine which is considered to be nervine, antirheumatic, anthelmintic, etc. … ambrosioides). …
• NAID 110003630611

• 「地膚子」および「茺蔚子」の生薬学的研究(第2報): Chenopodiaceae植物由来の「地膚子」について

• 難波 恒雄,御影 雅幸,小松 かつ子
• 生薬学雑誌 39(3), 190-203, 1985-09-20
• … On the other hand, most of "Di-fu-zi" seem to be derived from Chenopodiaceae plants, especially genera Kochia and Chenopodium. … The results were as follows: as to the botanical origin of "Di-fu-zi" from Continental China, those on Beijing and Xian markets were Kochia scoparia (L.) SCHRADER, on Osaka market was the mixture in nearly equal ratio of Chenopodium album L. … ambrosioides L., on Nanjing market was C. …
• NAID 120005373583

Related Links

• Chenopodium ambrosioides - Earth Medicine

Plant name: Chenopodium ambrosioides Family: Chenopodiaceae Common names: Tu Jing Jie [China], Mexican Tea, Worm Seed, Worm Grass, Goosefoot [USA] Dungarachirombo [Zimbabwe] Rato Latte [Nepal] Simen Contra ...

• Chenopodium ambrosioides - BioWeb Home

Medicinal Uses This plant, as I’ve mentioned before, has some very unique characteristics and that is certainly true once one begins to explore the medicinal properties of Chenopodium ambrosioides. There are a couple things that ...

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