shed

• v.

• (過去-過去分詞も同形)与える、流す、脱落する

• n.

• 小屋

関

confer、cote、drain、feed、flush、give、hut、inflict、omission、pour、provide、render、shedding

　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. get rid of; "he shed his image as a pushy boss"; "shed your clothes" (同)cast, cast_off, shake_off, throw, throw off, throw away, drop
2. cast off hair, skin, horn, or feathers; "our dog sheds every Spring" (同)molt, exuviate, moult, slough
3. an outbuilding with a single story; used for shelter or storage
4. squarely or solidly; "hit him flush in the face"
5. a sudden rapid flow (as of water); "he heard the flush of a toilet"; "there was a little gush of blood"; "she attacked him with an outpouring of words" (同)gush, outpouring
6. a poker hand with all 5 cards in the same suit
7. make level or straight; "level the ground" (同)level, even out, even
8. rinse, clean, or empty with a liquid; "flush the wound with antibiotics"; "purge the old gas tank" (同)scour, purge
9. cause to flow or flood with or as if with water; "flush the meadows"
10. flow freely; "The garbage flushed down the river"
11. glow or cause to glow with warm color or light; "the sky flushed with rosy splendor"
12. in the same plane; "set it flush with the top of the table"
13. of a surface exactly even with an adjoining one, forming the same plane; "a door flush with the wall"; "the bottom of the window is flush with the floor"
14. empty of liquid; drain the liquid from; "We drained the oil tank"
15. emptying something accomplished by allowing liquid to run out of it (同)drainage
16. a pipe through which liquid is carried away (同)drainpipe, waste_pipe
17. a gradual depletion of energy or resources; "a drain on resources"; "a drain of young talent by emigration"
18. tube inserted into a body cavity (as during surgery) to remove unwanted material
19. flow off gradually; "The rain water drains into this big vat" (同)run_out
20. deplete of resources; "The exercise class drains me of energy"
21. support or promote; "His admiration fed her vanity"
22. introduce continuously; "feed carrots into a food processor" (同)feed in
23. food for domestic livestock (同)provender
24. take in food; used of animals only; "This dog doesnt eat certain kinds of meat"; "What do whales eat?" (同)eat
25. gratify; "feed ones eyes on a gorgeous view" (同)feast
26. give food to; "Feed the starving children in India"; "dont give the child this tough meat" (同)give
27. feed into; supply; "Her success feeds her vanity"
28. provide as food; "Feed the guests the nuts"
29. serve as food for; be the food for; "This dish feeds six"
30. coat with plastic or cement; "render the brick walls in the den"
31. a substance similar to stucco but exclusively applied to masonry walls
32. cause to become; "The shot rendered her immobile"
33. pass down; "render a verdict"; "deliver a judgment" (同)deliver, return
34. give back; "render money" (同)return
35. make over as a return; "They had to render the estate" (同)submit
36. give or supply; "The cow brings in 5 liters of milk"; "This years crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn"; "The estate renders some revenue for the family" (同)yield, return, give, generate
37. take measures in preparation for; "provide for the proper care of the passengers on the cruise ship"
38. supply means of subsistence; earn a living; "He provides for his large family by working three jobs"; "Women nowadays not only take care of the household but also bring home the bacon" (同)bring home the bacon
39. give what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance; "The hostess provided lunch for all the guests" (同)supply, ply, cater
40. determine (what is to happen in certain contingencies), especially by including a proviso condition or stipulation; "The will provides that each child should receive half of the money"; "The Constitution provides for the right to free speech"
41. touched lightly in passing; grazed against; "of all the people brushed against in a normal day on a city street I remember not a one"
42. (of fabrics) having soft nap produced by brushing; "a dress of brushed cotton"; "a fleecy lining"; "napped fabrics" (同)fleecy, napped
43. (of hair or clothing) groomed with a brush; "with shining hair neatly brushed"; "the freshly brushed clothes hung in the closet"
44. perfected or made shiny and smooth; "his polished prose"; "in a freshly ironed dress and polished shoes"; "freshly polished silver"
45. showing a high degree of refinement and the assurance that comes from wide social experience; "his polished manner"; "maintained an urbane tone in his letters" (同)refined, svelte, urbane

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈血・液など〉‘を'『流す』,こぼす / 〈葉・毛・外皮など〉‘を'『自然に落とす』;〈衣服〉‘を'脱ぐ / 〈光・香りなど〉‘を'放つ / 〈布などが〉〈水〉‘を'はじく,通さない / 〈動物などが〉脱毛する,脱皮する / 〈葉が〉落ちる
2. (物をしまうための)『納屋』,物置;(風雨よけの)…置き場,小屋
3. 〈顔が〉『赤らむ』,〈人が〉赤面する《+『up』》 / 〈水などが〉『どっと流れる』;水をどっと流す《+『out』》 / 《しばしば受動態で》〈顔など〉‘を'『赤くさせる』,〈人〉‘を'赤面させる / …‘に'水をどっと流す(流して洗う) / 《受動態で》(成功などで)〈人〉‘を'興奮させる,得意がらせる《+『with』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(顔などの)『紅潮』,赤らみ / 〈C〉(…の)興奮,得意《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉《the~》(…の)はつらつさ,活気《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《単数形で》(水などが)激しく流れること,(…の)殺到《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉洗浄,水洗い;(便所の)水洗
4. 《補語にのみ用いて》(…と)じかに接触している《+『against』+『名』》 / 《補語にのみ用いて》(表面が…と)同一平面の,同じ高さの《+『with』+『名』》 / 《話》《補語にのみ用いて》(特に,金が)たっぷりある《+『of』+『名』》,(金に)気前がよい《+『with』+『名』》 / じかに接触して / (平面が…と)堂一平面に,同じ高さに / 《話》じかに,まともに
5. (隠れ場所から)〈鳥や動物〉‘を'狩り出す,〈隠れている鳥〉‘を'飛び立たせる / (隠れ場所から)〈動物が〉飛び出す,〈鳥が〉ぱっと飛び立つ
6. (カードプームの)手ぞろい,フラッシュ(ポーカーで同種の札がそろうこと)
7. (液体を)…‘から'『排出する』《+『名』+『of』+『名』》;(…から)〈液体〉‘を'『排出する』《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / …‘を'消耗させる,枯渇させる;(…を)〈人〉‘から'消耗させる《+『名』+『of』+『名』》 / 〈酒など〉‘を'飲み干す,空にする / 〈土地〉‘を'干上がらせる / 〈土地などが〉水はけがよい;(液体を)排出する《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈水・液体などが〉徐々に流れ去る / 〈C〉『排水設備』,排水路 / 〈C〉(…を)消耗(枯渇)させるもの《+『on』+『名』》 / 〈U〉《時にa~》(富・力などの)消耗,枯渇
8. 〈人・動物〉‘に'『食物を与える』,‘を'養う;《英》(…で)〈人・動物〉‘を'育てる,飼育する《+『名』+『on』+『名』》 / 《米》(人・動物に)〈食物〉‘を'与える《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / 〈食物ず〉…‘の'食事となる,‘を'まかなう / (必要なものを)…‘に'供給する《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (…に)〈必要なもの〉‘を'供給する,送り込む《+『名』+『into』(『to』)+『名』》 / 〈動物が〉食へる,《話》〈人が〉食べる / 〈U〉『飼料』,えさ;〈C〉1回分の飼料 / 〈C〉《話》《単数形て》食事;ごちそう
9. 《『render』+『名』〈目〉+『形』〈補〉》…‘を'(…の状態に)『する』)make) / …‘を'行う,果たす / (…に対して)…‘を'返す《+『名』+『for』+『名』》 / '‘を'公式に宣言する,言い渡す / (…に)〈計算書など〉‘を'提出する,送付する《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / (文章や絵画で)…‘を'表現する / (…に)…‘を'翻訳する(translate)《+『名』+『into』+『名』》 / ‘を'演奏する,演ずる(perform) / 〈脂肪など〉‘を'溶かす,溶かして精製する《+『名』+『down,』+『down』+『名』》
10. …‘を'『供給する』,提供する,与える / 《『provide』+『that』『節』》(法律などで)…‘と'『規定する』 / (将来の安全・災害などに)『備える』,用意する / (家族などを)扶養する《+『for』+『名』》
11. 磨かれた / 先練された,上品な
12. ニスを塗ってない / (言葉・描写などが)飾りのない,ありのままの
13. 『彼女は』,『彼女が』 / 《月・船・汽車・都市・国などを指して》それは,それが / 女,婦人;(動物の)雌

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/10/11 09:26:10」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Shed (disambiguation).

"Toolshed" redirects here. For the Tool demo album, see 72826.

A rural shed

Modern secure bike sheds

Garden shed with Gambrel roof.

A shed is typically a simple, single-storey structure in a back garden or on an allotment that is used for storage, hobbies, or as a workshop.

Sheds vary considerably in the complexity of their construction and their size, from small open-sided tin-roofed structures to large wood-framed sheds with shingled roofs, windows, and electrical outlets. Sheds used on farms or in industry can be large structures. The main types of shed construction are metal sheathing over a metal frame, plastic sheathing and frame, all-wood construction, and vinyl-sided sheds built over a wooden frame

Types

Small domestic sheds

The simplest and least-expensive sheds are available in kit form. Both shed kits and "do-it-yourself" plans are available for wooden and plastic sheds. Sheds are used to store home and garden tools and equipment such as lawn tractors, and gardening supplies. In addition, sheds can be used to store items that are not suitable for indoor storage, such as petrol (gasoline), pesticides, or herbicides.

For homes with small gardens or modest storage needs, there are several types of very small sheds. The sheds not only use less ground area but also have a low profile less likely to obstruct the view or clash with the landscaping.

A metal garden shed made with sheets of galvanized steel over a steel frame

These small sheds include corner sheds, which fit into a corner (3 ft tall × 3 wide × 2 deep, or 0.91 × 0.91 × 0.61 m), vertical sheds (5 × 3 × 4 ft deep, or 1.52 × 0.91 × 1.22 m), horizontal sheds (3 × 5 × 4 ft or 0.91 × 1.52 × 1.22 m), and toolsheds. When a shed is used for tool storage, shelves and hooks are often used to maximize the storage space. Gambrel-style roofed sheds (sometimes called baby barns), which resemble a Dutch-style barn, have a high sloping roofline which increases storage space in the "loft" area. Some Gambrel-styles have no loft and offer the advantage of reduced overall height. Another style of small shed is the saltbox-style shed.

Larger domestic sheds

A tall shed with windows and a shingled roof

Larger, more-expensive sheds are typically constructed of wood and include features typically found in house construction, such as windows, a shingled roof, and electrical outlets. Larger sheds provide more space for engaging in hobbies such as gardening, small engine repair, or tinkering. Some sheds have small porches or include furniture, which allows them to be used for relaxation purposes. In some cases, teleworkers and homeworkers in general who live in mild climates use small to medium-sized wooden garden sheds as outdoor offices. There is a growing industry in providing "off the peg" garden offices to cater for this demand, particularly in the UK but also in the US.

Shed owners can customize wooden sheds to match the features (e.g., siding, trim, etc.) of the main house. A number of decorative options can be added to sheds, such as dormers, shutters, flowerboxes, finials, and weathervanes. As well, practical options can be added such as benches, ramps, ventilation systems (e.g., in cases where a swimming pool heater is installed in a shed), and electric lighting. Sheds designed for gardening, called "potting sheds", often feature windows or skylights for illumination, ventilation grilles, and a potter's bench for mixing soil and re-potting plants.

Specific-use sheds

• Garden sheds — The vast majority of sheds are garden sheds, including allotment sheds. This class of sheds also includes potting sheds and tool sheds. Most modern gardens are too small for more than a single shed, containing garden tools and lawn mowers.

• Bike sheds (also called bicycle sheds) usually contain a framework on which bikes can be supported and locked. Bike sheds range from little more than a supported roof to more-complex structures with walls and locking doors.

• Boat sheds (also called boatsheds) are lockable wooden sheds built near a body of water to store small private boats, bathing suits, and related items. Boat sheds used for rowing clubs are large structures for storing skiffs.

• Wood sheds are sheds used for storage of large quantities of firewood. Woodsheds help protect firewood from adverse weather and moisture, especially in snowy or wet climates. Woodsheds are commonly in close proximity to buildings heated by a Wood-burning stove, such as a Log Cabin.
  A wood shed in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado.

• Agricultural sheds
  A hay shed typical of Australia and New Zealand (otherwise known as a barn)
  • Farm sheds and other outbuildings are used to store farm equipment, tractors, tools, hay, and supplies, or to house horses, cattle, poultry or other farm animals. Run-in sheds are three-sided structures with an open face used for horses and cattle.
  • Shearing sheds can be large sheds found on sheep stations to accommodate large-scale sheep shearing.

• Railway sheds
  • Engine sheds are structures used for the maintenance or storage of railway locomotives. In Britain these are also called motive power depots.
  • Goods sheds are railway buildings designed for storing goods before or after carriage in a train.
  • Train sheds are buildings adjacent to a railway station where the tracks and platforms are covered by a roof. The first train shed was built in 1830 at Liverpool's Crown Street Station.
  • Snow sheds are strongly built timber or reinforced-concrete tunnels that protect railroad tracks (or roads) from avalanches.

• Miscellaneous sheds
  • In 19th century military barracks, sheds were used as auxiliary buildings for various purposes. The Royal Artillery park barracks in Halifax used sheds as gun sheds, carriage sheds, repair sheds, wheel sheds, wagon sheds and storage sheds.

• Arena
  • A simple open roof structure, or a partially walled or fully enclosed large under-cover area. It can be used for horse-riding equestrian venues, providing all-year usage of the facility, with protection from the weather.

Construction

The main types of shed construction are metal sheathing over a metal frame, plastic sheathing and frame, all-wood construction, and vinyl-sided sheds built over a wooden frame. Each type has various advantages and disadvantages that a homeowner has to consider. For example, while metal sheds are fire and termite-resistant, they can rust over time, or be severely damaged by high winds. The International Building Code(IBC) defines a shed as a building or structure of an accessory character; it classifies them under Utility and Miscellaneous Group U (Chapter 3 Section 312).

Metal sheds

A corrugated iron shed

Metal sheds made from thin sheet metal sheathing (galvanized steel, aluminium, or corrugated iron) attached to a metal frame. Metal sheds are a good choice when long-term strength and resistance to fire, rot, or termites is desired. However, metal sheds may rust over time, particularly if they are constructed from steel that is not galvanized. Be aware that concrete is highly corrosive so care needs to be take when assembling your shed to avoid contact with the outside panels.

As well, some types of metal sheds that have thin walls are easily dented, which may makes some types of thin metal sheds a poor choice for vandal-prone areas or for high-traffic activities such as small businesses. In cold climates, metal sheds with thin walls need to have snow and ice cleared from the roof, because the thin metal may be damaged by a heavy accumulation. Since thin metal sheds weigh much less than wood or PVC plastic sheds, thin metal sheds are more at risk of being damaged by heavy winds. To prevent wind damage, thin metal sheds should be attached to a concrete foundation with screws.

In countries where the climate is generally mild, such as Australia, very large metal sheds are used for many types of industry.

Plastic sheds

Lifetime blow-molded plastic sheds

Plastic shed kits utilizing heavy molded plastics such as PVC and polyethylene are less expensive than sheet-metal sheds. PVC resins and high-impact, UV light-resistant polyethylene make plastic outdoor sheds stronger, lighter, more durable, and more resistant to denting and chipping than wood, and tend to be more stable.

Plastic shed kits sided with vinyl are typically among the least-expensive types of shed construction. Higher-quality sheds use UV-resistant plastic and powder-coated metal frames. Many plastic sheds are modular to allow for easy extensions, peg-boards, shelving, attic-storage, windows, skylights, and other accessories to be added later.

Plastic sheds are not susceptible to termite or wood-boring insect damage, and they require little maintenance. Being rot-proof they do not need to have preservative applied.

Unlike wooden or metal sheds, which often require a permit to build, in many areas, plastic sheds do not. However, this is something you will need to verify. A quick call to your council/town should do the trick.

Wooden sheds

Domestic wooden sheds.

Example of wood storage shed from US cedar shed builder.

Wooden sheds have a natural look that can blend in well with garden environments. Despite the strength of wood, over time, untreated and neglected wood can rot, split, warp or become susceptible to mold and mildew, so wood sheds should be treated for protection. Wood sheds need regular maintenance. This includes keeping plant matter and debris from piling up beside the walls and on the roof, and occasional rot-proofing with preservative. Sheds are sometimes also re-stained or varnished at times for aesthetic reasons. Fire and, in some regions, termite attack are also potential problems.

Stains and preservatives can be applied to wood sheds to prevent damage to the wood caused by exposure to rain, damp ground, UV light, harsh climatic conditions, fungal attack and wood-boring insects. If a coloured preservative oil or stain is used, a wooden shed can either be made to stand out as a feature within a garden, or to blend in with its surroundings. Red cedar coloured stain is popular. Some types of wood, such as cedar, are more naturally resistant to water damage. One advantage of using wood sheds is that it is easier to modify wooden sheds (i.e., than metal sheds) by adding windows, doors, shelving, or exterior trim (etc.) because wood can be cut and drilled using commonly available tools. Some homeowners may prefer wood sheds because wood is a renewable resource.

Vinyl-sided sheds

An Amish-style vinyl-sided shed

Vinyl-sided sheds are typically built with standard wood framing construction and oriented strand board (OSB) on the walls covered with standard vinyl siding. Vinyl-sided sheds never need to be painted, but they might require special scrubbing. They are generally stronger than plastic or metal sheds, and are usually built to conform with the local building codes. They are not eco-friendly, and they cost more than wooden, metal or plastic sheds.

Asbestos sheds

In the early and middle years of the 20th century, many garden sheds and domestic garages were made of asbestos-cement sheets supported on a very light angle-iron frame. Concerns about safety led to the practice being discontinued, but they were cheap and long-lasting, and many can still be seen in British gardens. Advice on continued use or disposal is available.

TPR sheds

Since 2013 garden sheds have been available in the UK made from TPR - a sustainable alternative to concrete. They are typically coated in a marine gelcoat and are far stronger and more durable than traditional sheds. A shed made from TPR became the first Secured by Design approved shed in 2014

Culture

A shed near Sydney, Australia

In Australia and New Zealand the term shed can be used to refer to any building that is not a residence and which may be open at the ends or sides, or both. Australia's passion for sheds is documented in Mark Thomson's Blokes and Sheds (1998). Jim Hopkins' similarly titled Blokes & Sheds (1998), with photographer Julie Riley Hopkins, profiles amateur inventors from across New Zealand. Hopkins and Riley followed up that book with Inventions from the Shed (1999) and a 5-part film documentary series with the same name. Gordon Thorburn also examined the shed proclivity in his book Men and Sheds (2002), as did Gareth Jones in Shed Men (2004).

Recently, "Men's Sheds" have become common in Australia. In New Zealand, the bi-monthly magazine The Shed appeals to the culture of "blokes" who do woodwork or metalwork DIY projects in their sheds.

The Australian Mens Shed Association is one organisation that has been set up involving sheds.

A much-loved and frequently restored British shed in Lincolnshire

Another magazine called The Shed, a bimonthly PDF magazine produced in the UK, but with a global audience, targets people who work (usually in creative industries) in garden offices, sheds and other shed-like atmospheres. In the UK, people have long enjoyed working in their potting sheds; the slang term "sheddie", to refer to a person enamoured of shed-building, testifies to the place of sheds in UK popular culture. A Usenet Newsgroup "uk.rec.sheds" has long championed this subculture: their lengthy FAQ is a masterly summary of the idea. Shedworking: A lifestyle guide for shedworkers is published at Blogger.

Author Gordon Thorburn examined the shed proclivity in his book Men and Sheds, which argues that a "place of retreat" is a "male necessity" which provides men with solace, especially during their retirement. In contrast, in the novel Cold Comfort Farm by Stella Gibbons, Aunt Edna Doom saw "something nasty in the woodshed" and retreated to her bed for half a century.

In the United States, a woodshed is often associated with corporal punishment; in many rural communities, a wayward boy would be disciplined with a switch or whip or similar instrument by an adult male relative, typically the father. Such discipline would frequently be meted out in or behind the wooden shed ubiquitous in rural America, so as to be out of the public view. The phrase "taking someone to the woodshed" now is a generic idiom for meting out discipline (whether violent or not), or for resoundingly defeating an opponent in a game or sport.

To woodshed, or 'shed, in jazz jargon, is "to shut oneself up, away from the world, and practice long and hard, as in 'going to the woodshed'."

Etymology

The word is recorded in English since 1481, as shadde, possibly a variant of shade. The word shade comes from the Old English word "sceadu", which means "shade, shadow, darkness". The term's P.Gmc. cognate, "skadwo" also means "shady place, protection from glare or heat".

The Old English word is spelled in different ways, such as "shadde", "shad" or "shedde", all of which come from an "Old Teutonic/Anglo-Saxon root word for separation or division". The first attested usage of the word, in 1481, was in the sentence, "A yearde in whiche was a shadde where in were six grete dogges". The Anglo Saxon word "shud", which means "cover" may also have been part of the development of the word. In 1440, a "shud" was defined as a "... schudde, hovel, swyne kote or howse of sympyl hyllynge [covering] to kepe yn beestys".

See also

A waterside shed in Sweden

• Anderson shelter
• Lean-to
• Nissen hut
• Sala
• Shanty town
• Tuff Shed
• Wendy house

Other meanings

The term "shed" can also refer to the shed style of modern architecture.

The term "Shed" can also refer to the place that a shipment picks up.

References

Sources

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 
• Gordon Thorburn, Men and Sheds, ISBN 1-84330-329-9

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• 日本数学教育学会誌. 臨時増刊, 数学教育学論究 94, 37-68, 2011-05-20
• NAID 110008662077

• 型而工房における大量生産の方法論

• アンヌ ゴッソ,敷田 弘子
• 家具道具室内史 : 家具道具室内史学会誌 (3), 142-148, 2011-05-14
• … and (2) to shed light on the significance of their activities for their contemporaries in the field of modem design in Japan, before World War II. …
• NAID 110008661449

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「drain」「provide」「feed」「流す」「confer」
拡張検索	「viral shedding」「virus shedding」「published data」

「drain」

　　[★]

• vt.

• (水などを)はく、排出する(awaym off, out)。～から排水/放水する(off)、(土地を)干拓する。(皮などがある地域)の排水をする。(土地など)に排水設備を施す。
• (水気を)切る。(洗った皿など)の水気を切る。(酒・グラスなど)ぐいと飲み干す
• (外科)～の液/膿を出す、排液/排膿する
• (貨幣・財宝・人材を)国外に流出させる、(富・力などを)消耗させる(exhaust)(from)。～から(富・力などを)奪い去る(deprive)(of)

• vi.

• (液が)たらたら流れ出る(through,out)、流れ去る(off,away)。(土地が)排水される、(ある地域が)地表水を排水する(into)。(沼地などが)干上がる、(ぬれた海綿・布など)水が切れて乾く。(水が)はける、切れる。

• n.

関

(adj.)drained, draining

egest, egestion, eject, eliminate, elimination, emission, emit, excrete, excretion, expel, export, flush, pour, shed

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「provide」

　　[★]

• v.

• 供給する、提供する、用意する、与える

関

confer、donate、donation、feed、give、inflict、offer、offering、preparation、prepare、provision、render、shed、supply

　 　 　 　 　

「feed」

　　[★]

• n.

• フィード、餌、

• v

• (過去-過去分詞fed)摂食する、与える、養う

関

bait、confer、eating、feeding、give、inflict、nourish、provide、render、shed

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「流す」

　　[★]

英

flush、shed、pour、drain

関

与える、紅潮、小屋、注ぐ、ドレイン、排出、脱落、ドレーン、排水管

「confer」

　　[★]

• v.

• 与える, 授与する, 協議する

offerと語源共通

関

conference、feed、give、inflict、provide、render、shed

　 　 　

「viral shedding」

　　[★]

• ウイルス排出

関

virus shedding

「virus shedding」

　　[★]

• ウイルス排出

関

viral shedding

「published data」

　　[★] 発表データ

関

presented data