excretion

• n.

• 排泄、排泄物

　

WordNet

1. empty of liquid; drain the liquid from; "We drained the oil tank"
2. emptying something accomplished by allowing liquid to run out of it (同)drainage
3. a pipe through which liquid is carried away (同)drainpipe, waste_pipe
4. a gradual depletion of energy or resources; "a drain on resources"; "a drain of young talent by emigration"
5. tube inserted into a body cavity (as during surgery) to remove unwanted material
6. flow off gradually; "The rain water drains into this big vat" (同)run_out
7. deplete of resources; "The exercise class drains me of energy"
8. the bodily process of discharging waste matter (同)evacuation, excretion, excreting, voiding
9. the murder of a competitor (同)liquidation
10. the act of removing or getting rid of something (同)riddance
11. the act of removing an unknown mathematical quantity by combining equations
12. analysis of a problem into alternative possibilities followed by the systematic rejection of unacceptable alternatives (同)reasoning by elimination
13. remove from a contest or race; "The cyclist has eliminated all the competitors in the race"
14. kill in large numbers; "the plague wiped out an entire population" (同)annihilate, extinguish, eradicate, wipe_out, decimate, carry off
15. remove (an unknown variable) from two or more equations
16. transfer (electronic data) out of a database or document in a format that can be used by other programs
17. commodities (goods or services) sold to a foreign country (同)exportation
18. cause to spread in another part of the world; "The Russians exported Marxism to Africa"
19. sell or transfer abroad; "we export less than we import and have a negative trade balance"
20. radioactive iodine test that measures the amount of radioactive iodine excreted in the urine

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉排泄,排泄作用 / 〈U〉〈C〉排泄物,分泌物
2. (液体を)…‘から'『排出する』《+『名』+『of』+『名』》;(…から)〈液体〉‘を'『排出する』《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / …‘を'消耗させる,枯渇させる;(…を)〈人〉‘から'消耗させる《+『名』+『of』+『名』》 / 〈酒など〉‘を'飲み干す,空にする / 〈土地〉‘を'干上がらせる / 〈土地などが〉水はけがよい;(液体を)排出する《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈水・液体などが〉徐々に流れ去る / 〈C〉『排水設備』,排水路 / 〈C〉(…を)消耗(枯渇)させるもの《+『on』+『名』》 / 〈U〉《時にa~》(富・力などの)消耗,枯渇
3. (…の)除去,削除《+『of』+『名』》 / (競技の)予選
4. (…から)…‘を'『取り除く』,削除する(get rid of)《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / …‘を'考慮に入れない,無視する(disregard)
5. (外国へ)〈商品〉‘を'『輸出する』《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / 〈C〉『輸出品』 / 〈U〉(…の)『輸出』《+『of』+『名』》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/05/16 20:49:23」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Excretion is the process by which metabolic wastes and other non-useful materials are eliminated from an organism. In vertebrates this is primarily carried out by the lungs, kidneys and skin. This is in contrast with secretion, where the substance may have specific tasks after leaving the cell. Excretion is an essential process in all forms of life. For example, in mammals urine is expelled through the urethra, which is part of the excretory system. In unicellular organisms, waste products are discharged directly through the surface of the cell.

Green plants produce carbon dioxide and water as respiratory products. In green plants, the carbon dioxide released during respiration gets utilized during photosynthesis. Oxygen is a by product generated during photosynthesis, and exits through stomata, root cell walls, and other routes. Plants can get rid of excess water by transpiration and guttation. It has been shown that the leaf acts as an 'excretophore' and, in addition to being a primary organ of photosynthesis, is also used as a method of excreting toxic wastes via diffusion. Other waste materials that are exuded by some plants — resin, saps, latex, etc. are forced from the interior of the plant by hydrostatic pressures inside the plant and by absorptive forces of plant cells. These latter processes do not need added energy, they act passively. However, during the pre-abscission phase, the metabolic levels of a leaf are high. Plants also excrete some waste substances into the soil around them.

Chemical structure of uric acid.

In animals, the main excretory products are carbon dioxide, ammonia (in ammoniotelics), urea (in ureotelics), uric acid (in uricotelics), guanine (in Arachnida) and creatine. The liver and kidneys clear many substances from the blood (for example, in renal excretion), and the cleared substances are then excreted from the body in the urine and feces.

Aquatic animals usually excrete ammonia directly into the external environment, as this compound has high solubility and there is ample water available for dilution. In terrestrial animals ammonia-like compounds are converted into other nitrogenous materials as there is less water in the environment and ammonia itself is toxic.

White cast of uric acid defecated with the dark feces from a lizard. Insects, birds and some other reptiles also undergo a similar mechanism.

Birds excrete their nitrogenous wastes as uric acid in the form of a paste. Although this process is metabolically more expensive, it allows more efficient water retention and it can be stored more easily in the egg. Many avian species, especially seabirds, can also excrete salt via specialized nasal salt glands, the saline solution leaving through nostrils in the beak.

In insects, a system involving Malpighian tubules is utilized to excrete metabolic waste. Metabolic waste diffuses or is actively transported into the tubule, which transports the wastes to the intestines. The metabolic waste is then released from the body along with fecal matter.

The excreted material may be called dejecta or ejecta. In pathology the word ejecta is more commonly used.

See also

• Burping
• Countercurrent exchange
• Defecation
• Homeostasis
• Human excreta
• Osmoregulation
• Respiration (physiology)
• Urination

References

External links

• UAlberta.ca, Animation of excretion
• Brian J Ford on leaf fall in Nature

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 成人における尿蛋白排泄量の評価および非ネフローゼ域蛋白尿のみの評価assessment of urinary protein excretion and evaluation of isolated non nephrotic proteinuria in adults [show details]
  … estimated protein (or albumin) excretion rate, which incorporates an estimate of daily creatinine excretion, may be more accurate than the UPCR and UACR. Urine protein excretion can vary throughout the day …
• 2. 急性腎障害でのナトリウム、尿素、その他の成分の排泄率fractional excretion of sodium urea and other molecules in acute kidney injury [show details]
  …result, the fractional excretion of uric acid is not affected by loop or thiazide diuretics. In the study of 46 patients with AKI cited in the preceding section, a fractional excretion of uric acid below 12 …
• 3. 内因性および外因性ステロイドの尿中排泄の測定measurement of urinary excretion of endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids [show details]
  …creatinine excretion (to about 10 mg/kg in men), due primarily to a fall in muscle mass . However, the excretion of cortisol and its metabolites varies diurnally whereas creatinine excretion does not. …
• 4. 代謝性アシドーシスにおける尿のアニオンギャップおよび浸透圧ギャップurine anion and osmolal gaps in metabolic acidosis [show details]
  …impairment in NH₄ excretion . Thus: A UOG of less than 150 mosmol/kg in a patient with chronic metabolic acidosis suggests that NH₄ excretion is impaired . Because NH₄ excretion is reduced in patients …
• 5. 起立性（体位性）蛋白尿症orthostatic postural proteinuria [show details]
  …to as postural) proteinuria is characterized by an elevated protein excretion while in the upright position and normal protein excretion in a supine or recumbent position. It is the most frequent cause of …

English Journal

• Pharmacokinetic interaction study between flavanones (hesperetin, naringenin) and rasagiline mesylate in wistar rats.

• Pingili R1, Vemulapalli S1, Mullapudi SS1, Nuthakki S1, Pendyala S1, Kilaru N1.
• Drug development and industrial pharmacy.Drug Dev Ind Pharm.2016 Jul;42(7):1110-7. doi: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1115868. Epub 2015 Nov 30.
• Cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play an important role in the oral bioavailability and first-pass-metabolism (FPM) of many drugs. Rasagiline is a selective, monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor and it undergoes significant FPM in the liver prior to excretion by CYP1A2. Hesperetin a
• PMID 26530401

• Pesticide contamination of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) for human consumption.

• Houbraken M1, Spranghers T2, De Clercq P3, Cooreman-Algoed M4, Couchement T5, De Clercq G6, Verbeke S7, Spanoghe P8.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Jun 15;201:264-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.097. Epub 2016 Jan 22.
• The use of pesticides contributes to the productivity and the quality of the cultivated crop. A large portion of the agricultural produce is not consumed as it is not an edible part or the quality of the product is too low. This waste of agricultural produce can be valorised as a substrate for the p
• PMID 26868575

• Potential Upstream Strategies for the Mitigation of Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment: a Brief Review.

• Blair BD1.
• Current environmental health reports.Curr Environ Health Rep.2016 Jun;3(2):153-60. doi: 10.1007/s40572-016-0088-x.
• Active pharmaceutical ingredients represent a class of pollutants of emerging concern, and there is growing evidence that these pollutants can cause damage to the aquatic environment. As regulations to address these concerns are expected in developed nations, decision-makers are looking to the scien
• PMID 27068434

Japanese Journal

• 紙おむつを教材に用いた高齢者の排泄ケアに関する学び : 排泄ケアを専門とする企業看護師との連携から－

• 堀之内 若名,伊藤 靖代,高田 大輔,泉 キヨ子,福川 三佳,梅林 真紀
• 帝京科学大学紀要 = Bulletin of Teikyo University of Science (15), 91-99, 2019-03-31
• NAID 120006602989

• Effects of Biotin Deficiency on the Urinary Excretion of B-Group Vitamin in Mice

• Tsuji Ai,Tsuji Ai,Katsumi Shibata,Katsumi Shibata
• Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism 3(1), 1000122-1-1000122-6, 2019-03-07
• … We previously revealed that the urinary excretion rates of B-group vitamins decline when demand in the body increases. … In the present study, we investigated the effects of biotin deficiency on the urinary excretion rates ((urinary excretion amount/intake amount) × 100) of other B-group vitamins. … Results and conclusion: The urinary excretion rate of vitamin B1 was markedly lower in the biotin-deficient mice than in the control mice. …
• NAID 120006603903

• 向精神薬の母乳移行と乳児に与える影響 (特集 妊産婦のメンタルヘルスと向精神薬治療)

• 松島 英介
• 臨床精神薬理 22(2), 165-174, 2019-02
• NAID 40021814364

Related Links

• Excretion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Excretion is the process by which waste products of metabolism and other non- useful materials are eliminated from an organism. This is primarily carried out by the lungs, kidneys and skin. This is in contrast with secretion, where the substance ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ADME」「drain」「elimination」「eliminate」「排出」
拡張検索	「albumin excretion rate」

「ADME」

　　[★]

同

absorption/distribution/metabolism/excretion

関

吸収	Absorption
分布	Distribution
代謝	Metabolism
排泄	Excretion

薬物の投与経路と血中濃度

			血中濃度 ピークまでの時間	血中濃度 ピークの高さ
静脈注射	i.v.	intravenous	++++	++++
筋内注射	i.m.	intramuscular	+++	+++
皮下投与	s.c.	subcutaneous	++	++
経口投与	p.o.	peroral	+	+

「drain」

　　[★]

• vt.

• (水などを)はく、排出する(awaym off, out)。～から排水/放水する(off)、(土地を)干拓する。(皮などがある地域)の排水をする。(土地など)に排水設備を施す。
• (水気を)切る。(洗った皿など)の水気を切る。(酒・グラスなど)ぐいと飲み干す
• (外科)～の液/膿を出す、排液/排膿する
• (貨幣・財宝・人材を)国外に流出させる、(富・力などを)消耗させる(exhaust)(from)。～から(富・力などを)奪い去る(deprive)(of)

• vi.

• (液が)たらたら流れ出る(through,out)、流れ去る(off,away)。(土地が)排水される、(ある地域が)地表水を排水する(into)。(沼地などが)干上がる、(ぬれた海綿・布など)水が切れて乾く。(水が)はける、切れる。

• n.

関

(adj.)drained, draining

egest, egestion, eject, eliminate, elimination, emission, emit, excrete, excretion, expel, export, flush, pour, shed

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「elimination」

　　[★]

• n.

• 除去、排除、排出、消失、(化学)脱離

関

ablation、abscission、abstract、abstraction、clearance、delete、deletion、desorption、detach、detachment、disappear、disappearance、dislodge、drain、draining、egest、egestion、eject、eliminate、emission、emit、evacuate、evacuation、exclude、exclusion、excrete、excretion、expel、export、obliteration、obviate、regress、removal、remove、scavenge

　 　 　 　 　 　

「eliminate」

　　[★]

• v.

• 除去する、除く、排出する、排除する、(化学)脱離する

関

abscission、abstract、abstraction、clearance、delete、deletion、desorption、detach、detachment、dislodge、drain、draining、egest、egestion、eject、elimination、emission、emit、evacuate、evacuation、except、exclude、exclusion、excrete、excretion、expel、export、obliteration、obviate、removal、remove、scavenge

　 　 　 　

「排出」

　　[★]

英

excretion、emission、elimination、draining、egestion、excrete、eliminate、emit、drain、eject、expel、export、egest

関

駆出、消失、除去、脱離、ドレイン、除く、排出量、排除、排泄、発光、搬出、放射、放出、輸出、流す、排泄量、ドレーン、排水管、運び出す

「albumin excretion rate」

　　[★] アルブミン排泄率 AER